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SuperParent,
      SuperKid!
Did you know?
Conduct disorder is a major mental
health problem for at least 10% of
school-age children
It gets worse…
Childhood behavior disorders have
been associated with later drug and
alcohol abuse, family violence,
crime, and psychiatric disturbance
    Without intervention, about half of
(Arnold, O’Leary, Wolff, & Acker, 1993).

       children who have behavior
     problems during preschool will
     continue to have those problems
It gets worse…
Multiple studies have found that some
ineffective discipline techniques are
associated with children’s aggression
and delinquency.
“Externalizing behavior problems of
children become quite stable as early
as 2 or 3, which suggests that
prevention and early intervention
efforts should begin long before
Does this sound
  familiar?
Does this sound
     familiar?

We’re here to help parents who
have children age 3-6 and who
  want to learn more effective
discipline strategies to decrease
 their children’s externalizing
The Logic
 Model
Decreas
                 Impro
In-home                        Parent
                                                    ed
                   ved
intervent                     outcome               externali
                 parenti
   ion                            s                   zing
                    ng
            • Read the     • Increased       • Fewer
                                                   behavio
                 behavi
              manual         confidence in     tantrumsrs
                   ors
            • Read text                      • Improved
                             parenting
              reminders      abilities         family and
            • Email        • Improved          sibling
              questions      parent-child      relationships
            • Implement                      • Improved
                             relationships
              strategies                       social ability
Decreas
                       Impro
 In-home                                Parent
                                                              ed
                         ved
 intervent                             outcome               externali
                       parenti
    ion                                    s                   zing
                          ng
                  • Read the       • Increased        • Fewer
                                                            behavio
                       behavi
                    manual           confidence in      tantrumsrs
                         ors
                  • Read text                         • Improved
                                     parenting
                    reminders        abilities          family and
                  • Email          • Improved           sibling
                    questions        parent-child       relationships
                  • Implement                         • Improved
                                     relationships
                    strategies                  • Childsocial ability
• Teacher                 • Time
                         • Skill
  effectiveness                                   characteristics:
• Accessibility          • Motivation and         temperament,
• Technological            Interest               physical/mental
                         • Parent
  resources                                       condition
Theoretical Approaches
• External control. Behavior
 modification occurs through
 reinforcement; often in the form of
 punishment or reward.
• Relational. Behaviors will change
    Interventions focusing on
 when the relationship changes.
   improving the relationship not
    only treat existing problems,
    but also function in a
    preventative         capacity.
    (Martinez & Forgatch, 2001)
Theoretical Approaches
The overall efficacy of 1. The severity of the
any intervention              problem
program is dependent    2. Adherence to the
upon one of two things:   intervention concepts
                             (Gmeinder and Kratchowill ,1998)
    This program is designed to
      address mild to moderate
      externalizing behaviors in
 It is not intendedand preschool-age
     toddlers to treat cognitive or behavioral
 disorders that necessitate professional psychiatric
                   children.
Types of Interventions
In-Home Visits
Effect sizes are higher in
home-visited children than
in those who are not. (Sweet &
Applebaum, 2004)

Programs involving practical,
in-home training for parents
Such as…
                                                  Offering
                          Practitioners           parents an
                          function as a           opportunity to
  Providing
                             sounding             practice new
   guided,
                            board and             skills in a
 interactive
                           open source            natural
 models of
                                of                environment.
  parenting                                       (Kaminski, Valle, Filene, &
                          information.
(Rotto & Kratochwill,                             Boyle, 2008)
                          (Mackay, McLaughlin,
        1994)
                          Weber, & Derby, 2001)
The Downside
   “… Without                          These programs
     continual
                                      can also be costly
implementation, its
                                       and difficult to
effectiveness [may
                                         implement.
  diminish] with
       time.”
(Boescher & Sugawara, 1992, p. 202)
In-Home Visits
                  •Level of
Success depends   practitioner training
 largely on:      •Parent and child
                  involvement
                  •Scheduling
                  availability
Self-Help Programs
time- and cost-efficient little training flexibil
                 require           provide
                                             (Gmeinder & Kratchowill, 1


    Knowledge of parenting practices or child
    development in and of itself has little
    influence on intervention effects.
    However, knowledge gained and applied in vivo
    increase effects on parent practices.

  (Kaminski, Valle, Filene, & Boyle, 2008)
In-home program
       strengths
+ self-help program strengths
 SuperParent,
  SuperKid!
Hybrid Approach
• Home visits
• Supplemental self-help resources
  – SuperParent, SuperKid! parenting
    manual
  – SuperParent, SuperKid! website
    • Featuring additional parenting information,
      ideas for relationship-building activities, parent
      discussion boards, and contact with
      practitioners
  – Reminders via email or text
Visit 1
VISIT 1
Practitioner observes the parent and child engaged
in a ten-minute free play activity, followed by a
five-minute directive task, evaluating parenting
and child behaviors, using the Interpersonal
Process Code. (Rusby, Estes, &, Dishion, 1991)
Interpersonal Process
     Code (IPC)                          (Hersen, 2006

   Activity           Affect         Content
                                  •Behavior
  Context or        Emotional
                                  • Social
   setting         tone (happy,
                      caring,     impact
                     neutral,     (positive,
                     distress,    negative,
While the IPC isaversive, sad)    neutral)
                   oriented
toward older children and
adolescents, it is easy to
modify the codes for age-
VISIT 1
Following the observation and evaluation, the
parent completes two questionnaires, examining
child behaviors and parenting practices:
  –    Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 2000)
  –    LIFT Parent Practices Interview (Webster-Stratton,
       1998)
Child Behavior
    Checklist (CBC)Problem
  Physical Socioemoti Language
 Developme     onal   Developme                 Behaviors
     nt     Developme      nt
                 nt
“Has       “Acts too                            “Hits others”
                      “Does your
difficulty       young for                      “Screams a
                                child
                 age”
using the                                         lot”
                                spontaneously
toilet”                         say words?”
                 “Doesn’t get                   “Temper
                                “Does you
“Poorly          along with                       tantrums”
                                child combine
coordinated or   other
clumsy”          children”      two or more
                                words into
                                phrases?”
LIFT Parent Practices
       Interview                               (Webster-Stratton, 199

15-item self-report questionnaire evaluating parenting
beliefs, practices, and discipline
VISIT 1
The practitioner offers some brief, immediate
feedback and reviews the SuperParent, SuperKid!
parenting manual and website, answering any
questions the parent may have.
                       On the following day, the
                       practitioner emails the
                       parent more specific
                       recommendations based
                       on the results of all three
                       evaluation measures, and
Parenting Manual
Once a tantrum is over and your child
has calmed down, (and probably not
immediately after) you have the
opportunity to teach correct behavior.
     Describe the skill. “Kimmy, brushing
1.
     our teeth is something we have to do. I
     expect that you do it calmly and happily. If
     you scream, kick, or spit, you will go to
     timeout until you calm down.”
2.   Explain why it is
     important. “Brushing helps keep our
                                                    Look
     teeth clean and strong and keeps us from
     getting sick.”

                                                    Inside!
     Model the skill. “See, Kimmy? This is
3.
     how we brush our teeth.”
4.   Practice the skill. Do this when the child
     is emotionally prepared to do so. It also
     helps to do it with them.
5.   Praise. When Kimmy brushes her teeth
     without having a tantrum, provide lots of
     immediate, positive feedback. “Great job,
              (Young, Black, Marchant, Mitchem, & West, 2000)
     Kimmy! Look how clean your teeth are! I’m
Additional Resources
•The SuperParent, SuperKid! website offers tools to
augment lessons learned during home visits.
   • Parenting discussion boards
   •Ask a Clinician
   •Links to other parenting resources
   •Ideas for relationship-building activities.

•Optional daily or weekly email or text message
reminders from their practitioner
Visit 2
VISIT 2
Two weeks after the initial visit, the practitioner
returns and directs the parent and child in three
tasks, designed to evaluate:
   1. Parent’s ability to attend to/praise positive
        behaviors and ignore mildly inappropriate
        behaviors.
   2. Parent’s skill in delivering instructions to
        child
   3. Parent’s performance in placing the child
        in timeout after serious misbehavior
VISIT 2
The practitioner will then review each task with
the parent, noting improvements from the first
visit and offering further suggestions, referencing
the manual.
Visit 3
VISIT 3
Four weeks after the second visit, the practitioner
returns and observes the parent and child engaged
in another ten-minute free play activity and a five-
minute directive task, evaluating parenting and
child behaviors, using the Interpersonal Process
Code.
VISIT 3
The parent will then complete the LIFT Interview
and Child Behavior Checklist, as well as a
program evaluation, reviewing their responses
with the practitioner.
Parent Program
          Evaluation
Program effectiveness is evaluated in
two primary ways: Differences in
       Parent
  satisfaction with measure results
  the intervention       between first
    process and         and final visit.
     outcomes.
Changes in Child Behavior Checklist and LIFT
Interview scores over time reflect successful
generalization of program principles. (Gmeinder &
Kratchowill, 1998)
SuperParent,
   SuperKid!
PLEASE FUND
OUR PROGRAM

Master your super   Singer, 2006

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Super Parent Super Kid Powerpoint Show

  • 1. SuperParent, SuperKid!
  • 2. Did you know? Conduct disorder is a major mental health problem for at least 10% of school-age children
  • 3. It gets worse… Childhood behavior disorders have been associated with later drug and alcohol abuse, family violence, crime, and psychiatric disturbance Without intervention, about half of (Arnold, O’Leary, Wolff, & Acker, 1993). children who have behavior problems during preschool will continue to have those problems
  • 4. It gets worse… Multiple studies have found that some ineffective discipline techniques are associated with children’s aggression and delinquency. “Externalizing behavior problems of children become quite stable as early as 2 or 3, which suggests that prevention and early intervention efforts should begin long before
  • 5. Does this sound familiar?
  • 6. Does this sound familiar? We’re here to help parents who have children age 3-6 and who want to learn more effective discipline strategies to decrease their children’s externalizing
  • 8. Decreas Impro In-home Parent ed ved intervent outcome externali parenti ion s zing ng • Read the • Increased • Fewer behavio behavi manual confidence in tantrumsrs ors • Read text • Improved parenting reminders abilities family and • Email • Improved sibling questions parent-child relationships • Implement • Improved relationships strategies social ability
  • 9. Decreas Impro In-home Parent ed ved intervent outcome externali parenti ion s zing ng • Read the • Increased • Fewer behavio behavi manual confidence in tantrumsrs ors • Read text • Improved parenting reminders abilities family and • Email • Improved sibling questions parent-child relationships • Implement • Improved relationships strategies • Childsocial ability • Teacher • Time • Skill effectiveness characteristics: • Accessibility • Motivation and temperament, • Technological Interest physical/mental • Parent resources condition
  • 10. Theoretical Approaches • External control. Behavior modification occurs through reinforcement; often in the form of punishment or reward. • Relational. Behaviors will change Interventions focusing on when the relationship changes. improving the relationship not only treat existing problems, but also function in a preventative capacity. (Martinez & Forgatch, 2001)
  • 11. Theoretical Approaches The overall efficacy of 1. The severity of the any intervention problem program is dependent 2. Adherence to the upon one of two things: intervention concepts (Gmeinder and Kratchowill ,1998) This program is designed to address mild to moderate externalizing behaviors in It is not intendedand preschool-age toddlers to treat cognitive or behavioral disorders that necessitate professional psychiatric children.
  • 13. In-Home Visits Effect sizes are higher in home-visited children than in those who are not. (Sweet & Applebaum, 2004) Programs involving practical, in-home training for parents
  • 14. Such as… Offering Practitioners parents an function as a opportunity to Providing sounding practice new guided, board and skills in a interactive open source natural models of of environment. parenting (Kaminski, Valle, Filene, & information. (Rotto & Kratochwill, Boyle, 2008) (Mackay, McLaughlin, 1994) Weber, & Derby, 2001)
  • 15. The Downside “… Without These programs continual can also be costly implementation, its and difficult to effectiveness [may implement. diminish] with time.” (Boescher & Sugawara, 1992, p. 202)
  • 16. In-Home Visits •Level of Success depends practitioner training largely on: •Parent and child involvement •Scheduling availability
  • 17. Self-Help Programs time- and cost-efficient little training flexibil require provide (Gmeinder & Kratchowill, 1 Knowledge of parenting practices or child development in and of itself has little influence on intervention effects. However, knowledge gained and applied in vivo increase effects on parent practices. (Kaminski, Valle, Filene, & Boyle, 2008)
  • 18. In-home program strengths + self-help program strengths SuperParent, SuperKid!
  • 19. Hybrid Approach • Home visits • Supplemental self-help resources – SuperParent, SuperKid! parenting manual – SuperParent, SuperKid! website • Featuring additional parenting information, ideas for relationship-building activities, parent discussion boards, and contact with practitioners – Reminders via email or text
  • 21. VISIT 1 Practitioner observes the parent and child engaged in a ten-minute free play activity, followed by a five-minute directive task, evaluating parenting and child behaviors, using the Interpersonal Process Code. (Rusby, Estes, &, Dishion, 1991)
  • 22. Interpersonal Process Code (IPC) (Hersen, 2006 Activity Affect Content •Behavior Context or Emotional • Social setting tone (happy, caring, impact neutral, (positive, distress, negative, While the IPC isaversive, sad) neutral) oriented toward older children and adolescents, it is easy to modify the codes for age-
  • 23. VISIT 1 Following the observation and evaluation, the parent completes two questionnaires, examining child behaviors and parenting practices: – Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 2000) – LIFT Parent Practices Interview (Webster-Stratton, 1998)
  • 24. Child Behavior Checklist (CBC)Problem Physical Socioemoti Language Developme onal Developme Behaviors nt Developme nt nt “Has “Acts too “Hits others” “Does your difficulty young for “Screams a child age” using the lot” spontaneously toilet” say words?” “Doesn’t get “Temper “Does you “Poorly along with tantrums” child combine coordinated or other clumsy” children” two or more words into phrases?”
  • 25. LIFT Parent Practices Interview (Webster-Stratton, 199 15-item self-report questionnaire evaluating parenting beliefs, practices, and discipline
  • 26. VISIT 1 The practitioner offers some brief, immediate feedback and reviews the SuperParent, SuperKid! parenting manual and website, answering any questions the parent may have. On the following day, the practitioner emails the parent more specific recommendations based on the results of all three evaluation measures, and
  • 28. Once a tantrum is over and your child has calmed down, (and probably not immediately after) you have the opportunity to teach correct behavior. Describe the skill. “Kimmy, brushing 1. our teeth is something we have to do. I expect that you do it calmly and happily. If you scream, kick, or spit, you will go to timeout until you calm down.” 2. Explain why it is important. “Brushing helps keep our Look teeth clean and strong and keeps us from getting sick.” Inside! Model the skill. “See, Kimmy? This is 3. how we brush our teeth.” 4. Practice the skill. Do this when the child is emotionally prepared to do so. It also helps to do it with them. 5. Praise. When Kimmy brushes her teeth without having a tantrum, provide lots of immediate, positive feedback. “Great job, (Young, Black, Marchant, Mitchem, & West, 2000) Kimmy! Look how clean your teeth are! I’m
  • 29. Additional Resources •The SuperParent, SuperKid! website offers tools to augment lessons learned during home visits. • Parenting discussion boards •Ask a Clinician •Links to other parenting resources •Ideas for relationship-building activities. •Optional daily or weekly email or text message reminders from their practitioner
  • 31. VISIT 2 Two weeks after the initial visit, the practitioner returns and directs the parent and child in three tasks, designed to evaluate: 1. Parent’s ability to attend to/praise positive behaviors and ignore mildly inappropriate behaviors. 2. Parent’s skill in delivering instructions to child 3. Parent’s performance in placing the child in timeout after serious misbehavior
  • 32. VISIT 2 The practitioner will then review each task with the parent, noting improvements from the first visit and offering further suggestions, referencing the manual.
  • 34. VISIT 3 Four weeks after the second visit, the practitioner returns and observes the parent and child engaged in another ten-minute free play activity and a five- minute directive task, evaluating parenting and child behaviors, using the Interpersonal Process Code.
  • 35. VISIT 3 The parent will then complete the LIFT Interview and Child Behavior Checklist, as well as a program evaluation, reviewing their responses with the practitioner.
  • 36. Parent Program Evaluation Program effectiveness is evaluated in two primary ways: Differences in Parent satisfaction with measure results the intervention between first process and and final visit. outcomes. Changes in Child Behavior Checklist and LIFT Interview scores over time reflect successful generalization of program principles. (Gmeinder & Kratchowill, 1998)
  • 37. SuperParent, SuperKid! PLEASE FUND OUR PROGRAM Master your super Singer, 2006