The ABC of ICT4D Heloise Emdon 22 June 2007 People, Media and Infotech Africa Media Assignments

Overview Discuss ICT4D concepts Discuss various stakeholders in ICT4D Tour various ICT4D solutions

Discuss ICT4D concepts

Discuss various stakeholders in ICT4D

Tour various ICT4D solutions

Do you have? Do you know : someone who earns less than R3000 per month and owns a cell phone? someone who earns less than R1000 per month and owns a cell phone? ($2 pd) Where do they live? What do they mainly use the phone for? How do you know? What do they spend per week/per month on it? Do they have access to email?

Do you know :

someone who earns less than R3000 per month and owns a cell phone?

someone who earns less than R1000 per month and owns a cell phone? ($2 pd)

Where do they live?

What do they mainly use the phone for?

How do you know?

What do they spend per week/per month on it?

Do they have access to email?

Mobile biz

The Long Tail The long tail is the colloquial name for a feature of statistical distributions in which a high-frequency or high-amplitude population is followed by a low-frequency or low-amplitude population which gradually "tails off". In many cases the infrequent or low-amplitude events—the long tail, represented here by the yellow portion of the graph— can cumulatively outnumber or outweigh the initial portion of the graph, such that in aggregate they comprise the majority. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_tail

The long tail is the colloquial name for a feature of statistical distributions in which a high-frequency or high-amplitude population is followed by a low-frequency or low-amplitude population which gradually "tails off". In many cases the infrequent or low-amplitude events—the long tail, represented here by the yellow portion of the graph— can cumulatively outnumber or outweigh the initial portion of the graph, such that in aggregate they comprise the majority.

What do you think ICTs mean for people development? Discussion Examples of ICTs in use for development Examples of the social effects and impacts How can we measure these? Who measures this? How can we research this? For what purpose?

Discussion

Examples of ICTs in use for development

Examples of the social effects and impacts

How can we measure these?

Who measures this?

How can we research this?

For what purpose?

Livelihoods paradigm and ICTs How are resource-poor people using phones and the internet, radio’s and television to strengthen Human Capital – education, skills, knowledge, experience Natural capital – access to natural resources Financial capital – gain financial information Social capital – enhanced social networks Physical capital – market information

How are resource-poor people using phones and the internet, radio’s and television to strengthen

Human Capital – education, skills, knowledge, experience

Natural capital – access to natural resources

Financial capital – gain financial information

Social capital – enhanced social networks

Physical capital – market information

Growth of internet in Africa 1996 2001 http://www.arp.harvard.edu/AfricaHigherEducation/Online.html

1996 2001

http://www.arp.harvard.edu/AfricaHigherEducation/Online.html

Undersea Cable Activity The digital divide? Why? Who benefits? Who pays? How does this gap close?

The digital divide?

Why?

Who benefits?

Who pays?

How does this gap close?

Who can solve these problems and how? Access: telecommunications infrastructure Cost: calls, internet, hardware, voice monopolies, satellite proclivities, fibre networks Expense to household Efficiencies for institutions, government What contribution does this make to household?

Access: telecommunications infrastructure

Cost: calls, internet, hardware, voice monopolies, satellite proclivities, fibre networks

Expense to household

Efficiencies for institutions, government

What contribution does this make to household?

What are the constraints? What are the debates around ICT4D? Access to … geographic, economic, market Cost of … telecoms, hardware, software Relevant content for … .education, development information … .Who owns it?

What are the debates around ICT4D?

Access to

… geographic, economic, market

Cost of

… telecoms, hardware, software

Relevant content for

… .education, development information

… .Who owns it?

Issues in ICT4D Public access (also universal access) Communal use Market behavior, total cost of access Aggregation of cost Policy, regulation, service providers, consumers Understanding intellectual property rights and digital access Understanding livelihoods Understanding institutional and economic efficiencies given above

Public access (also universal access)

Communal use

Market behavior, total cost of access

Aggregation of cost

Policy, regulation, service providers, consumers

Understanding intellectual property rights and digital access

Understanding livelihoods

Understanding institutional and economic efficiencies given above

Public Access: Telecentres, schools And then there are $1000 bills….what about applications?

And then there are $1000 bills….what about applications?

The First Mile – First Inch community Coordinator: CSIR, Pretoria Inhambane Env: Telecentre Tsilitwa Env: Hospital, Telecentre Huambo Env: Telecentre Mpumalanga Env: Peebles Valley HIV Clinic Nampula & Pemba Catholic University Mozambique Maputo UEM & MICTI Cape Town Env: University Tshwane Metro: Rooiwal & Winterveld Peri-urb

Efficient social services: The manual system Storage Transport Cost of paper Efficiency Medical records in Maputo Household survey enumerator

Storage

Transport

Cost of paper

Efficiency

The handheld revolution: Forms development HAPI, PDACT, Pendragon, Epihandy, OpenMRS mobile? Open applications for cellular as well

HAPI, PDACT, Pendragon, Epihandy, OpenMRS mobile?

Open applications for cellular as well

Communication networks Satellife key partner in Uganda and Mozambique African Access Point Wifi, Infrared, GSM synchronization box

Satellife key partner in Uganda and Mozambique

African Access Point

Wifi, Infrared, GSM synchronization box

Extending medical services First Mile First Inch applications

First Mile

First Inch applications

Physicians with ICTs At least 90% of all the ARV treatment is straightforward and can be dealt with by people with less training. At AMPATH physicians only see 5% of the close to 40 000 patients on Antiretroviral Treatment. These are patients with extremely complex malignancies and complications when the first line regimen starts to fail, Prof Joe Mamlin. Now patients on treatment are assisting others with the start of uncomplicated treatment.

At least 90% of all the ARV treatment is straightforward and can be dealt with by people with less training. At AMPATH physicians only see 5% of the close to 40 000 patients on Antiretroviral Treatment. These are patients with extremely complex malignancies and complications when the first line regimen starts to fail, Prof Joe Mamlin.

Now patients on treatment are assisting others with the start of uncomplicated treatment.

Research: Supply and Demand Research ICT Africa Sector Performance Reviews Towards and e-Index SME survey

Research ICT Africa

Sector Performance Reviews

Towards and e-Index

SME survey

Other related technologies: GIS and solar Community mapping Policy making Access to energy

Community mapping

Policy making

Access to energy

Who owns the content? Creative Commons License eg CC-ZA

Creative Commons License eg CC-ZA

About the IDRC International Development Reseach Centre Origins Pearson Report ‘Partners in Development‘ (1969): Gap in Scientific and technological capacities between North and South IDRC Act (1970) Philosophy Hopper-Pearson Debate at the first Board meeting: support to researchers in developing countries vs. support to Canadian researchers Responsive yet proactive

Origins

Pearson Report ‘Partners in Development‘ (1969): Gap in Scientific and technological capacities between North and South

IDRC Act (1970)

Philosophy

Hopper-Pearson Debate at the first Board meeting: support to researchers in developing countries vs. support to Canadian researchers

Responsive yet proactive

Mandate “ … to initiate, encourage, support, and conduct research into the problems of the developing regions of the world and into the means for applying and adapting scientific, technical, and other knowledge to the economic and social advancement of those regions …” IDRC Act (1970) Micheal Cairns 1995, farmer meeting in Nagaland, India

“ … to initiate, encourage, support, and conduct research into the problems of the developing regions of the world and into the means for applying and adapting scientific, technical, and other knowledge to the economic and social advancement of those regions …” IDRC Act (1970)

The Real Access criteria www.bridges.org Physical access to technology Appropriateness of technology Affordability of technology and technology use Human capacity and training Locally relevant content, applications, and services Integration into daily routines Socio-cultural factors Trust in technology Local economic environment Macro-economic environment Legal and regulatory framework Political will and public support

www.bridges.org

Physical access to technology

Appropriateness of technology

Affordability of technology and technology use

Human capacity and training

Locally relevant content, applications, and services

Integration into daily routines

Socio-cultural factors

Trust in technology

Local economic environment

Macro-economic environment

Legal and regulatory framework

Political will and public support

Are ICTs Gender Neutral? Will the infrastructure be deployed throughout the country in the areas where women predominate? Have provisions been made for the possibility of high-technology applications in areas where many women live outside the capital and major cities? Has gender analysis been incorporated in planning and implementing infrastructure because social economic and/or cultural constraints may prevent women from accessing ICTs even when these are available in their communities? Nancy Hafkin, Are ICTs Gender Neutral?

Will the infrastructure be deployed throughout the country in the areas where women predominate?

Have provisions been made for the possibility of high-technology applications in areas where many women live outside the capital and major cities?

Has gender analysis been incorporated in planning and implementing infrastructure because social

economic and/or cultural constraints may prevent women from accessing ICTs even when these are available in their communities?

Nancy Hafkin, Are ICTs Gender Neutral?

Seeking out social innovators IDRC “Venture Capitalists of Ideas for development” Seeking social innovators and researchers in the field of Environment, Economy, ICTs and Innovation

IDRC “Venture Capitalists of Ideas for development”

Seeking social innovators and researchers in the field of Environment, Economy, ICTs and Innovation

Discussion Heloise Emdon Senior Programme Specialist IDRC: ICT4D Africa Acacia [email_address]

Exercise Write a 2-page executive memo to your employer (Minister, Regulator, Company) concerning an aspect or several aspects that need to be addressed if ICTs are to address development targets in your country or company strategy