Parrot Compiler Tools
Kazutake Hiramatsu
kazutakehiramatsu@gmail.com
2008/05/15 YAPC::Asia 2008

Introduction
 2001
 2005 Pugs
 2006 Perl6
 2008 Parrot version 0.6.1
 Parrot is Dead ?
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What is Parrot Compiler
Tools (PCT) ?
 Parrot VM
 Rakudo PCT
 Parrot PCT

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All Dynamic language is compiled
into Parrot bytecode
Perl6 Perl5 Ruby Python
Parrot VM
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All Dynamic language is compiled
into Parrot bytecode
Perl6 Perl5 Ruby Python
Parrot VM
2008/05/15 YAPC::Asia 2008

What is Parrot ?
 Register-based VM
 (Perl, Ruby etc)
 4 (In, Nn, Sn, Pn)
 Parrot Intermediate Representation (PIR)
 Parrot Assembly language (PASM)
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Parrot Registers
 Integers (I)
 Numbers (N)
 Strings (S)
 PMCs (P)
– Parrot Magic Cookies
– String,Array, Hash, Object
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Parrot Registers
I0 integer register #0
N1 number of floating point
register #1
S2 string register #2
P3 PMC register #3
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Parrot Assembly language
(PASM)
 Parrot
 Parrot
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Parrot Assembly language
(PASM)
set I0, 1
set S0, \"Foo\"
set S1, S0
set S0, \"Bar\"
print S1 # Foo
print S0 # Bar
new P0, 'String'
set P0, \"Baz\"
print P0 # Baz
end
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Parrot Intermediate
Representation (PIR)
 PASM
 PASM
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Parrot Intermediate
Representation (PIR)
.sub 'main' :main
.param pmc args
$P0 = compreg 'C99'
$P1 = $P0.'command_line'(args)
.end
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Parrot Compiler Tools
 Parrot Grammar Engine (PGE)
 Parrot Abstract Syntax Tree (PAST)
 Parrot Opcode Syntax Tree (POST)
 Not Quite Perl(6) (NQP)
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Compilation Phase

 PAST
 PAST POST
 POST PIR
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Parrot Grammar
Engine(PGE)
 Perl6 Rule
 Rule
 Rule
 “{*}“ Rule
 Parse Actions
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Perl6 Rule
grammar C99::Grammar is PCT::Grammar;
token TOP {
^
<external_declaration>+
[ $ || <.panic: Syntax error> ]
{*}
}
rule external_declaration {
| <declaration> {*} #= declaration
| <function_definition> {*} #= function_definition
}
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Parse Actions
class C99::Grammar::Actions;
method TOP($/) {
for $<external_declaration> {
my $fun := $( $_ );
if $fun.name() eq 'main' {
make $fun;
}
}
}
method external_declaration($/, $key) {
make $( $/{$key} );
}
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Not Quite Perl(6) (NQP)
 Perl6
 Parse Actions
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Parrot Abstract Syntax Tree
(PAST)
 AST
 Parse Actions PAST
 PAST
 PAST::Node, PAST::Val, PAST::Var…
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Let’s Getting Started!
$ svn co https://svn.perl.org/parrot/trunk parrot
$ cd parrot
$ perl Configure.pl
$ make
$ make test
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Generate a Language Stub
$ perl tools/dev/mk_language_shell.pl <language> <location>
Foo language
$ perl tools/dev/mk_language_shell.pl Foo language/foo
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Generate a Language Stub
config/gen/languages.pm $ laguages
$languages = qq{
:
:
WMLScript
Zcode
Foo # add
} unless defined $languages;
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Generate a Language Stub
$ perl Configure.pl
$ cd language/foo
$ make
$ make test
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Source Tree
foo/
/config/makefiles/root.in
/src/
/parser/
/actions.pm # Parse Actions NQP
/grammar.pg # Perl6 Rule
/builtins/
/say.pir # PIR
/t/
/00-sanity.t #
/harness
/foo.pir #
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Writing Code
say “Hello, Foo!”;
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Executes
$ ../../parrot foo.pbc test.foo
Hello, Foo!
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Next Step

– foo/src/parser/grammar.pg
– foo/src/parser/actions.pm

– foo/src/builtins/xxx.pir
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Open the grammar.pg
 Perl6 Rule
– http://dev.perl.org/perl6/doc/design/syn/S05.html
 grammar
 Rule Token
 Top level Rule “TOP” token
 Rule
“{*}”
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Open the actions.pm
 NQP
 Actions
 grammar.pg “{*}”
Rule
 ($/) Rule
Match Object
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grammar.pg
grammar C99::Grammar is PCT::Grammar;
token TOP {
^
<external_declaration>+
[ $ || <.panic: Syntax error> ]
{*}
}
rule external_declaration {
| <declaration> {*} #= declaration
| <function_definition> {*} #= function_definition
}
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actions.pm
class C99::Grammar::Actions;
method TOP($/) {
for $<external_declaration> {
my $fun := $( $_ );
if $fun.name() eq 'main' {
make $fun;
}
}
}
method external_declaration($/, $key) {
make $( $/{$key} );
}
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NQP Syntax
 $/ Match
 $<expression> $/ Match
 $( $x ) $x
 make Match PAST
 my $past := PAST::Op.new( :node($/) );
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PAST Nodes
 PAST::Node
 PAST::Block
 PAST::Stmts
 PAST::Var
 PAST::Val
 PAST::VarList
 PAST::Op
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Advanced Topics
 Scope Management
 Operator precedence
 Calling Conventions
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References
 docs/pct/*.pdd
 http://planet.parrotcode.org/
 http://www.parrotblog.org/
 http://www.parrotcode.org/
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Thank you !
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