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Gilded Age Politics
Gilded Age
• Mark Twain coined the term—describes the
  excesses of the late 19th century
  – Political bribes
  – “glittering exterior” hides corruption & gap b/w rich
    and poor
Political Machines
• Pol. Machine = group that controls the
  activities of a political party in a city
  – Offered services to voters & businesses in
    exchange for political support
  – Controlled: New York, Baltimore, San Francisco, &
    other cities
  – Worked to elect their candidates
Political Machine
         City Boss—
        controlled activities
               of city



      Ward Bosses—
     worked to secure vote in
     all precincts in their ward



   Precinct Captains—
tried to gain voters on a city block or
             neighborhood
Gilded age politics
Political Boss
• Sometimes served as mayor
• Controlled access to gov. jobs & business
  licenses
• Influenced courts
• Positive role:
  – Built sewer systems; gave money to
    schools, hospitals, orphanages
  – Helped immigrants w/ naturalization & jobs
  – By solving these problems, they could gain more
    votes
Gilded age politics
Graft & Fraud
• Many political machines used election fraud
   – People used fake names to vote several times
• Graft = illegal use of political infl. for personal
  gain
   – Kick backs = when you charge more than necessary
     for a job (labor) and give the extra money to the
     political machine
   – Accepted bribes for illegal activity
• Police rarely interfered
Do you think grafts (using political influence
  for personal gain) are still a major issue
                   today?

              Give an example.
Boss Tweed Scandal
• Boss Tweed—head of Tammany Hall in NYC
• “Tweed Ring”—group of corrupt politicians
• New York City County Courthouse—over-
  charged the city by $10 million
  – His “ring” kept the money
  – Jailed for this
Gilded age politics
Gilded age politics
Reforms in Politics
• Patronage—giving civil service jobs (gov.
  jobs) to people who had helped the candidate
  get elected
  – Reforms wanted jobs to go to most qualified
• 1880—Pres. James Garfield elected
  – Appointed people based on qualifications
  – July 2, 1881—Garfield assassinated by a man that
    had been turned down for a gov. job
• Pendleton Civil Service Act—appoint people
  for gov. jobs based on merit/qualifications
Presidential Curse
• Between 1840 and 1960, all 8 Presidents
  elected in a 0 ended year died in office
• Only one president has ever died in office
  outside this 20 year death cycle
  – Zachary Taylor who was elected in 1848 and died in
    1850
20 Year Cycle
• President      Died
• 1800 Jefferson Survived: Died July 4, 1826.
• 1820 Monroe    Survived: Died July 4, 1831.
• 1840 Harrison April 4, 1841. Pneumonia.
• 1860 Lincoln   April 15, 1865. Assassinated.
• 1880 Garfield September 19, 1881. Assassinated.
• 1900 McKinley September 14, 1901. Assassinated.
• 1920 Harding August 2, 1923. Food poisoning.
• 1940 Roosevelt April 12, 1945. Stroke, medical records
  missing.
• 1960 Kennedy November 22, 1963. Assassinated.
• 1980 Reagan    March 30, 1981. Assassination attempt.
                 Survived: Died June 5, 2004.
• 2000 G W Bush Survived.
Political Machine Web
• Create an ILLUSTRATED web diagram showing the
  major aspects of the Political Machine
• You need a 5 aspects
• Draw a picture to represent each aspect

                     Election
                      fraud




                   POLITICAL
                   MACHINE

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Gilded age politics

  • 2. Gilded Age • Mark Twain coined the term—describes the excesses of the late 19th century – Political bribes – “glittering exterior” hides corruption & gap b/w rich and poor
  • 3. Political Machines • Pol. Machine = group that controls the activities of a political party in a city – Offered services to voters & businesses in exchange for political support – Controlled: New York, Baltimore, San Francisco, & other cities – Worked to elect their candidates
  • 4. Political Machine City Boss— controlled activities of city Ward Bosses— worked to secure vote in all precincts in their ward Precinct Captains— tried to gain voters on a city block or neighborhood
  • 6. Political Boss • Sometimes served as mayor • Controlled access to gov. jobs & business licenses • Influenced courts • Positive role: – Built sewer systems; gave money to schools, hospitals, orphanages – Helped immigrants w/ naturalization & jobs – By solving these problems, they could gain more votes
  • 8. Graft & Fraud • Many political machines used election fraud – People used fake names to vote several times • Graft = illegal use of political infl. for personal gain – Kick backs = when you charge more than necessary for a job (labor) and give the extra money to the political machine – Accepted bribes for illegal activity • Police rarely interfered
  • 9. Do you think grafts (using political influence for personal gain) are still a major issue today? Give an example.
  • 10. Boss Tweed Scandal • Boss Tweed—head of Tammany Hall in NYC • “Tweed Ring”—group of corrupt politicians • New York City County Courthouse—over- charged the city by $10 million – His “ring” kept the money – Jailed for this
  • 13. Reforms in Politics • Patronage—giving civil service jobs (gov. jobs) to people who had helped the candidate get elected – Reforms wanted jobs to go to most qualified • 1880—Pres. James Garfield elected – Appointed people based on qualifications – July 2, 1881—Garfield assassinated by a man that had been turned down for a gov. job • Pendleton Civil Service Act—appoint people for gov. jobs based on merit/qualifications
  • 14. Presidential Curse • Between 1840 and 1960, all 8 Presidents elected in a 0 ended year died in office • Only one president has ever died in office outside this 20 year death cycle – Zachary Taylor who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850
  • 15. 20 Year Cycle • President Died • 1800 Jefferson Survived: Died July 4, 1826. • 1820 Monroe Survived: Died July 4, 1831. • 1840 Harrison April 4, 1841. Pneumonia. • 1860 Lincoln April 15, 1865. Assassinated. • 1880 Garfield September 19, 1881. Assassinated. • 1900 McKinley September 14, 1901. Assassinated. • 1920 Harding August 2, 1923. Food poisoning. • 1940 Roosevelt April 12, 1945. Stroke, medical records missing. • 1960 Kennedy November 22, 1963. Assassinated. • 1980 Reagan March 30, 1981. Assassination attempt. Survived: Died June 5, 2004. • 2000 G W Bush Survived.
  • 16. Political Machine Web • Create an ILLUSTRATED web diagram showing the major aspects of the Political Machine • You need a 5 aspects • Draw a picture to represent each aspect Election fraud POLITICAL MACHINE