2024-03-30 Composting at Home 101 without voucher for slideshare.pptx
Leaders Go Green Project revised ppt
3. 1. Lecture Forum
2. Clean up drive
3. Seedling planting/Herbal Vegetable
garden
4. PBP bank/ plastic bottle, paper bank
5. Lecture forum II
9. • Land pollution is the deterioration (destruction) of the
earth’s land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a
result of man’s activities and their misuse of land
resources.
It occurs when waste is not disposed off properly, or
can occur when humans throw chemicals unto the
soil in the form of pesticides, insecticides and
fertilizers during agricultural practices. Exploitation
of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to
the destruction of the earth’s surface.
10. • Since the Industrial Revolution, natural habitats have
been destroyed, and environments have been
polluted, causing diseases in both humans and many
other species of animals.
Human actions have also caused many large areas
of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life
forms and ecosystems. This is know as land
degradation. Note that land degradation can result
from many factors, and land pollution is only one of
them.
12. There are different types of land pollution. Many publications group them differently. Let
us see these four main types:
These include all the various kinds of rubbish we make at home,
school, hospitals, market and work places. Things like paper, plastic
containers, bottles, cans, food and even used cars and broken
electronic goods, broken furniture and hospital waste are all
examples of solid waste. Some of these are biodegradable. Others
are not biodegradable, and they include plastics, metals and
aluminum cans, broken computer and car parts. Because these do
not easily decay, they pile up in landfills where they stay for
thousands of years. These bring great harm to the land and people
around it.
14. Many farming activities engage in the application of
fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides for higher crop
yield. This is good because we get more food, but can
you think of what happens to the chemicals that end
up on the crops and soils? Sometimes, insects and
small animals are killed and bigger animals that eat
tiny animals (as in food chains) are also harmed.
Finally, the chemicals may be washed down as it
rains and over time, they end up in the water table
below (causes water pollution).
16. Chemical and nuclear power plants produce waste
materials that have to be stored somewhere.
Fertilizer, insecticides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals
manufacturers also produce lots of solid and liquid
waste. In many cases they are stored in an
environmentally safe way, but there are some that
find their way into landfills and other less safe
storage facilities. Sometimes they also find their way
into leaking pipes and gutters. They end up polluting
soils and making crops harmful to our health.
18. Humans depend on trees for many things including
life. Trees absorb carbon dioxide (a green house gas)
from the air and enrich the air with Oxygen, which is
needed for life. Trees provide wood for humans and
a habitat to many land animals, insects and birds.
Trees also, help replenish soils and help retain
nutrients being washed away. Unfortunately, we
have cut down millions of acres of tree for wood,
construction, farming and mining purposes, and
never planted new trees back. This is a type of land
pollution.
20. Below are some sources of solid and semi-solid pollutants:
These include waste matter produced by crop, animal manure,
and farm residues. They also include the chemical left over of all
pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides used for agricultural
activities.
21. The residual matter that remains after solid fuels are burned.
When waste is burned in incinerators, two types of ashes are
produced.
•Bottom ash is the debris
from burnt metal and glass
waste. Bottom ash are not
bio-degradable.
•Fly ash is the ash that is
trapped by filters in the
chimney of the incinerators. It
is know to be very toxic
(poisonous).
22. This includes piles of coal refuse and heaps of slag and underground
debris. Mining and forestry activities that clear the land surfaces (clear
cutting) and use 'skid trails' often leave the land unrestored.
These include paints, chemicals, metals and aluminum, plastics and so on
that are produces in the process of manufacturing goods.
Wastes that are left over after sewage has been treated, biomass sludge,
and settled solids. Some of these are sent directly to landfills whiles other
treatment plants burn them to generate electricity.
These include household or municipal waste such as glass, metal, cloth,
plastic, wood, paper, and so on. Some of these can decay and others
cannot. They are usually collected and sent to landfills where the pollution
action begins.
23. These include waste like debris, wood, metals and plastics that are
produced from construction activities.
This is when trees are cut down for economic purposes, mining,
farming and construction. In forests areas, trees absorb and reflect
about 20% of the intense heat from the sun, protecting and preserving
its surface soils. Cutting down trees mean that the land is exposed to
direct sunlight and rain, resulting in soil erosions, desertification and
land degradation
These include chemical waste from chemical industries that are
disposed off into landfills.
When crude oil is refined into usable petro, gas or diesel, there are by
products that end up as waste.
24. 1. Cause problems in the human respiratory system.
2. Cause problems on the skin.
3. Cause various kinds of cancers.
25. 1. Coming into contact with the skin.
2. Being washed into water sources like reservoirs and rivers.
3. Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted
soil.
4. Breathing in polluted dust or particles.
1. Very bad smell and odor in the town.
2. Landfills breed rodents like rats, mice and insects, who in-turn
transmit diseases.
3. Landfills in towns do not attract tourists to the town. The town
will loose revenue.
4. Many landfills are always burning and they cause further air
pollution.
26. • People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects
of littering. Discuss with friends and family and talk about it.
• Reuse any items that you can. Items like clothing, bottles, wrapping
paper and shopping bags can be used over and over again, rather
than buying new things.
The greatest prevention to land pollution is in the three ‘R's’ …
28. • Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers,
oceans, aquifers and groundwater), very often by human activities.
• Water pollution occurs when pollutants (particles, chemicals or
substances that make water contaminated) are discharged directly or
indirectly into water bodies without enough treatment to get rid of
harmful compounds. Pollutants get into water mainly by human causes
or factors.
• Any change or modification in the physical, chemical and biological
properties of water that will have a detrimental consequence on living
things is water pollution.
30. There are many types of water pollution because water comes from
many sources. Here are a few types of water pollution:
Some wastewater, fertilizers
and sewage contain high
levels of nutrients. If they
end up in water bodies, they
encourage algae and weed
growth in the water.
31. Surface water includes natural
water found on the earth's surface,
like rivers, lakes, lagoons and
oceans. Hazardous substances
coming into contact with this
surface water, dissolving or
mixing physically with the water
can be called surface water
pollution.
32. Water bodies have micro-
organisms. These include aerobic
and anaerobic organisms. When
to much biodegradable matter
(things that easily decay) end up
in water, it encourages more
microorganism growth, and they
use up more oxygen in the
water. If oxygen is depleted,
aerobic organisms die, and
anaerobic organism grow more
to produce harmful toxins such
as ammonia and sulfides.
33. When humans apply
pesticides and chemicals
to soils, they are washed
deep into the ground by
rain water.
This gets to underground
water, causing pollution
underground.
34. Sometimes there is natural
pollution caused by
microorganisms like viruses,
bacteria and protozoa. This
natural pollution can cause
fishes and other water life to
die.
They can also cause serious
illness to humans who drink
from such waters.
35. Some pollutants (substances,
particles and chemicals) do not
easily dissolve in water. This
kind of material is called
particulate matter. Some
suspended pollutants later
settle under the water body.
This can harm and even kill
aquatic life that live at the
floor of water bodies.
36. Many industries and farmers
work with chemicals that end
up in water. These include
chemicals that are used to
control weeds, insects and
pests. Metals and solvents
from industries can pollute
water bodies.
37. Oil spills usually have only a
localized affect on wildlife
but can spread for miles. The
oil can cause the death of
many fish and stick to the
feathers of seabirds causing
them to lose the ability to fly.
38. Industries cause huge water pollution with their activities.
These come mainly from:
– Sulfur
– Asbestos
– Lead and Mercury
– Nitrates and Phosphates
– Oil
40. The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life
that depends on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds
and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up
on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat.
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants
such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later,
these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food
chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.
41. 3
Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well. People
can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has
been poisoned. In many poor nations, there is always outbreak
of cholera and diseases as a result of poor drinking water
treatment from contaminated waters.
Ecosystems (the interaction of living things in a place, depending
on each other for life) can be severely changed or destroyed by
water pollution. Many areas are now being affected by
careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to
hurt humans in many ways.
42. •Never throw rubbish away anyhow.
•Use water wisely.
•Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down the sink drain, or
the toilet.
•Buy more environmentally safe cleaning liquids for the use at home and
other public places.
•If you use chemicals and pesticides for your gardens and farms, be mindful
not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers.
If you live close to a water body, try to plants lots of trees and flowers
around your home, so that when it rains, chemicals from your home does not
easily drain into the water.
43. Effects of air pollution
Causes of air pollution
What is air pollution
Solution/prevention
44. • Air pollution occurs when gases, dust particles, fumes (or
smoke) or odor are introduced into the atmosphere in a way
that makes it harmful to humans, animals and plant. This is
because the air becomes dirty (contaminated or unclean).
• The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air (made up of various
gases) called the atmosphere. The atmosphere helps protect the
Earth and allow life to exist. Without it, we would be burned by
the intense heat of the sun during the day or frozen by the very
low temperatures at night.
Anything additional gas, particles or odors that are introduced
into the air (either by nature or human activity) to destroy this
natural balance can be called air pollution.
46. After the industrial age,
transportation has become a
key part of our lives. Cars and
heavy duty trucks, trains,
shipping vessels and
airplanes all burn lots of fossil
fuels to work. This is a major
cause of pollution, and one
that is very difficult to
manage..
Fumes from car exhaust
contain dangerous gases such
as carbon monoxide, oxides
of nitrogen, hydrocarbons
and particulates.
47. Crop dusting, fumigating
homes, household cleaning
products or painting supplies,
over the counter insect/pest
killers, fertilizer dust emit
harmful chemicals into the air
and cause pollution. In many
case, when we use these
chemicals at home or offices
with no or little ventilation,
we may fall ill if we breathe
them.
48. Chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create acidic
compounds which can cause harm to vegetation and buildings.
E.g. Acid rain.
Rain can carry and deposit the Nitrogen in some pollutants on
rivers and soils. This will adversely affect the nutrients in the
soil and water bodies.
Chemical reactions involving air pollutants create a poisonous
gas ozone (O3). Gas Ozone can affect people’s health and can
damage vegetation types and some animal life too.
49. Air pollutants can be in the form of particulate matter which can
be very harmful to our health.
• Short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat,
and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and
pneumonia. Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic
reactions.
• Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory
disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the
brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.
Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing
children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in
the elderly.
50. I am a GREEN WARRIOR !
•Government (or community) level prevention
•Individual Level Prevention
51. The supreme reality of our
time is ...the vulnerability of
our planet.
- John F. Kennedy