Introduction to New Media 22 September 2008 June 5, 2009 New Media

Once upon a time, long, long ago … There was, in a land far away … June 5, 2009 New Media A Handsome Print(s)

There was, in a land far away …

Meet the Handsome Print(s) Print(s) is the oldest ruler of Medialand He was born around 1450, when Gutenberg invented the printing press At first he was a “high brow” ruler, courting and pleasing the gentry only (bibles, academic texts, etc) Later in his career he embraced the masses, making literature and news widely and cheaply available He is intellectual, proud, sometimes stuffy, though a generally popular leader. He’s not afraid to buck authority, is sometimes mischievous, and like, the rest of us, is fallible. Yes, he can get stuff wrong. June 5, 2009 New Media

Print(s) is the oldest ruler of Medialand

He was born around 1450, when Gutenberg invented the printing press

At first he was a “high brow” ruler, courting and pleasing the gentry only (bibles, academic texts, etc)

Later in his career he embraced the masses, making literature and news widely and cheaply available

He is intellectual, proud, sometimes stuffy, though a generally popular leader. He’s not afraid to buck authority, is sometimes mischievous, and like, the rest of us, is fallible. Yes, he can get stuff wrong.

Print Definition Definition of print media: “ Printed [media], as distinguished from broadcast or electronically transmitted communications, includes all newspapers, newsletters, booklets, pamphlets, magazines, and other printed publications, especially those that sell advertising space as a means of raising revenue.” (http://www.answers.com/topic/print-media) June 5, 2009 New Media

Definition of print media:

“ Printed [media], as distinguished from broadcast or electronically transmitted communications, includes all newspapers, newsletters, booklets, pamphlets, magazines, and other printed publications, especially those that sell advertising space as a means of raising revenue.”

(http://www.answers.com/topic/print-media)

Print Timeline 618 to 906: T’ang Dynasty - the first printing is done in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks. 1423: In Europe, block printing is used to print books. 1452: In Europe, metal plates are first used in printing. Gutenberg begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456. 1476: William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England. 1605: First weekly newspaper published in Antwerp. 1702: Multi-colored engraving invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English language daily newspaper is published called the Daily Courant. 1800: Iron printing presses invented. 1846: Cylinder press invented by Richard Hoe. Cylinder press can print 8,000 sheets an hour. 1891: Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 4-pg papers an hour. 1903: The first tabloid style newspaper, the Daily Mirror is published. 1933: A war breaks out between the newspaper and radio industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations. 1954: There are more radios than there are daily newspapers. 1967: Newspapers use digital production processes and began using computers for operations. (http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/printing_3.htm) June 5, 2009 New Media Gutenberg, 1398 - 1468

618 to 906: T’ang Dynasty - the first printing is done in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks.

1423: In Europe, block printing is used to print books.

1452: In Europe, metal plates are first used in printing. Gutenberg begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456.

1476: William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England.

1605: First weekly newspaper published in Antwerp.

1702: Multi-colored engraving invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English language daily newspaper is published called the Daily Courant.

1800: Iron printing presses invented.

1846: Cylinder press invented by Richard Hoe. Cylinder press can print 8,000 sheets an hour.

1891: Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 4-pg papers an hour.

1903: The first tabloid style newspaper, the Daily Mirror is published.

1933: A war breaks out between the newspaper and radio industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations.

1954: There are more radios than there are daily newspapers.

1967: Newspapers use digital production processes and began using

computers for operations.

(http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/printing_3.htm)

Now, enter another character … She’s new, she’s cool, she’s rocking the world… June 5, 2009 New Media She’s Princess Broadcast!

She’s new, she’s cool, she’s rocking the world…

Meet the lady of the show, the Sassy Princess of Broadcast June 5, 2009 New Media Her date of birth is unclear (a lady never tells): Morse code and telegraphs of the C19th are types of broadcasting, too, but our princess rose to prominence in the 20 th century with the rise of radio and TV She was a popular leader from the beginning, ruling by appealing to the masses, providing entertainment, and breaking down barriers She is brassy, bold, AMBITIOUS, sexy, alluring, accessible, dominant, and able to tap into popular culture.

Her date of birth is unclear (a lady never tells): Morse code and telegraphs of the C19th are types of broadcasting, too, but our princess rose to prominence in the 20 th century with the rise of radio and TV

She was a popular leader from the beginning, ruling by appealing to the masses, providing entertainment, and breaking down barriers

She is brassy, bold, AMBITIOUS, sexy, alluring, accessible, dominant, and able to tap into popular culture.

Broadcast Definitions 1. To transmit (a radio or television programme) for public or general use. 2. To send out or communicate, especially by radio or television 3. To make known over a wide area 4. To send a transmission or signal; transmit. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/broadcast) June 5, 2009 New Media

1. To transmit (a radio or television programme) for public or general use.

2. To send out or communicate, especially by radio or television

3. To make known over a wide area

4. To send a transmission or signal; transmit.

(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/broadcast)

Broadcast Timeline 1906 :Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance. 1923: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube. Radio broadcasting begins in South Africa. 1925: Radio's The Smith Family introduces the soap opera format. 1927: Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all-electronic television image. 1928: John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States. 1931: There are nearly 40,000 television sets in the United States; 9,000 of them are in New York City alone. 1936: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day. The SABC is formed. 1944: The first instance of network censorship occurs. The sound is cut off on the Eddie Cantor and Nora Martin duet, “We're Having a Baby, My Baby and Me.” 1945: The FCC creates the commercial broadcasting spectrum of 13 channels, and 130 applications for broadcast licenses follow. 1951: Colour television introduced in the U.S. 1956: The Wizard of Oz has its first airing on TV. 1971: TV finally allowed in SA 1975: First national TV broadcasts in SA 1980: Ted Turner launches CNN, the first all-news network. 1992: There are 900-million television sets in use around the world; 201-million are in the United States. 2000: Reality TV mania hits the world. June 5, 2009 New Media http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0151956.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation

1906 :Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance.

1923: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube.

Radio broadcasting begins in South Africa.

1925: Radio's The Smith Family introduces the soap opera format.

1927: Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all-electronic television image.

1928: John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States.

1931: There are nearly 40,000 television sets in the United States; 9,000 of them are in New York City alone.

1936: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day.

The SABC is formed.

1944: The first instance of network censorship occurs. The sound is cut off on the Eddie Cantor and Nora Martin duet, “We're Having a Baby, My Baby and Me.”

1945: The FCC creates the commercial broadcasting spectrum of 13 channels, and 130 applications for broadcast licenses follow.

1951: Colour television introduced in the U.S.

1956: The Wizard of Oz has its first airing on TV.

1971: TV finally allowed in SA

1975: First national TV broadcasts in SA

1980: Ted Turner launches CNN, the first all-news network.

1992: There are 900-million television sets in use around the world; 201-million are in the United States.

2000: Reality TV mania hits the world.

Now, meet the most memorable character of them all … June 5, 2009 New Media He’s ugly but he’s cute He’s popular and one of us He has weird ears and magical powers … S uper-quick H umungous R ough E ver-evolving K ool And his name is NEW MEDIA.

He’s ugly but he’s cute

He’s popular and one of us

He has weird ears and magical powers …

The Birth of the Internet 1989: Tim Berners-Lee completes the original software for the World Wide Web (WWW). He envisions the WWW as a shared information space within which people communicate with each other and with computers. From 1991 to 1994 use of the original WWW server grows by a factor of ten each year as the world begins to take note of a new information phenomenon. The Internet does not consist of a physical network. It is a loose system of connections between different computers, located all over the world. The seed of “new media” is planted. June 5, 2009 New Media

1989: Tim Berners-Lee completes the original software for the World Wide Web (WWW). He envisions the WWW as a shared information space within which people communicate with each other and with computers.

From 1991 to 1994 use of the original WWW server grows by a factor of ten each year as the world begins to take note of a new information phenomenon.

The Internet does not consist of a physical network. It is a loose system of connections between different computers, located all over the world.

The seed of “new media” is planted.

Internet in Africa June 5, 2009 New Media

New Media Ogre He is a huge, new, popular king of Medialand, born at the same time as the internet He is the champion of the “every man and woman”. He is a growing power, largely accessible, popular, fractured, and many voiced. He empowers his users to define their own news agendas. Some say he’s just a buffoon. June 5, 2009 New Media

He is a huge, new, popular king of Medialand, born at the same time as the internet

He is the champion of the “every man and woman”.

He is a growing power, largely accessible, popular, fractured, and many voiced.

He empowers his users to define their own news agendas.

Some say he’s just a buffoon.

New Media Definition New media is a catch-all term for all forms of electronic communication that have appeared or will appear since the original mainly text-and-static picture forms of online communication. New media usually includes any and all of these: Online news, streaming video and streaming audio, 3-D and virtual reality environments and effects, highly interactive user interfaces, mobile presentation and computing capabilities, CD and DVD media, telephone and digital data integration, online communities, live Internet broadcasting Source: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci213507,00.html June 5, 2009 New Media

New media is a catch-all term for all forms of electronic communication that have appeared or will appear since the original mainly text-and-static picture forms of online communication. New media usually includes any and all of these: Online news, streaming video and streaming audio, 3-D and virtual reality environments and effects, highly interactive user interfaces, mobile presentation and computing capabilities, CD and DVD media, telephone and digital data integration, online communities, live Internet broadcasting

Source: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci213507,00.html

Oh wait, what would a fairytale be without a monster? June 5, 2009 New Media

June 5, 2009 New Media Possessive Monopolistic Greedy Cruel Rules the Land of the Digital Divide

New Media for Journalists Blogging Citizen and tradition journalism Social networking Viral marketing So many more… June 5, 2009 New Media

Blogging

Citizen and tradition journalism

Social networking

Viral marketing

So many more…

Social Networking Social networking: is the grouping of individuals together into to specific groups, often using online networking services. People have always social networked but the internet has opened up ways of doing it globally Social bookmarking: is a way of sharing, storing, organising, searching, and managing web pages on the internet June 5, 2009 New Media

Social networking: is the grouping of individuals together into to specific groups, often using online networking services.

People have always social networked but the internet has opened up ways of doing it globally

Social bookmarking: is a way of sharing, storing, organising, searching, and managing web pages on the internet

Flickr June 5, 2009 New Media

Flickr continued A photo-sharing website Lets you search for images, connect with photographers and join groups about specific interests Uses: Search for photos related to your story Put you in touch with photographers, and potential sources Creative Commons ( www.creativecommons.org ): Many Flickr users offer their work under a Creative Commons license, saying upfront whether or not you can use their pictures June 5, 2009 New Media

A photo-sharing website

Lets you search for images, connect with photographers and join groups about specific interests

Uses:

Search for photos related to your story

Put you in touch with photographers, and potential sources

Creative Commons ( www.creativecommons.org ): Many Flickr users offer their work under a Creative Commons license, saying upfront whether or not you can use their pictures

Facebook June 5, 2009 New Media

Facebook One of the most popular social networking services in the world: over 100-million people have joined Facebook! Networks: Regional, national and interest group based. Eg: South Africa, Wits University, TAC support group, fans of “Freshly Ground” Uses: Search for groups related to your story Put you in touch with sources Search for events June 5, 2009 New Media

One of the most popular social networking services in the world: over 100-million people have joined Facebook!

Networks: Regional, national and interest group based. Eg: South Africa, Wits University, TAC support group, fans of “Freshly Ground”

Uses:

Search for groups related to your story

Put you in touch with sources

Search for events

Stumbleupon June 5, 2009 New Media

YouTube Thabo Mbeki (BBC) Battle of Kruger (ordinary South African) June 5, 2009 New Media

Thabo Mbeki (BBC)

Battle of Kruger (ordinary South African)

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media This is a shortened version. Original: http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/at41.htm

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media

Thabo Mbeki & new media June 5, 2009 New Media

Oh My News June 5, 2009 New Media

Oh My News continued A website for “citizen journalism” Stories contributed, edited and commented on by normal people acting as journalists http://english.ohmynews.com/ June 5, 2009 New Media

A website for “citizen journalism”

Stories contributed, edited and commented on by normal people acting as journalists

http://english.ohmynews.com/

Reporter.co.za June 5, 2009 New Media

Reporter Continued Bills itself as news for and by the people Local equivalent of Oh My News “ The purpose of Reporter.co.za is to give our readers the opportunity to determine what they regard as news. We welcome breaking news reports, columns, entertainment news and reviews, research-driven stories, interviews and community-oriented issues. Contributors can report on whatever they deem interesting and think will be of interest to their audience.” June 5, 2009 New Media

Bills itself as news for and by the people

Local equivalent of Oh My News

“ The purpose of Reporter.co.za is to give our readers the opportunity to determine what they regard as news. We welcome breaking news reports, columns, entertainment news and reviews, research-driven stories, interviews and community-oriented issues. Contributors can report on whatever they deem interesting and think will be of interest to their audience.”

Convergence The internet is defined as: publicly available worldwide system of interconnected computer networks: made up of thousands of other, smaller business, academic, and government networks that provide various information and services, such as by electronic mail, online chat, and on the graphical, interlinked World Wide Web. Convergence is defined as: The process of coming together or the state of having come together toward a common point. Thus, taken together, Convergence and the Internet means the incorporation of the wide reaching and linking aspects of the internet with other mediums, in order to lead the technology toward a common point. This convergence has led to the development of new forms of media technologies. (http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Convergence) June 5, 2009 New Media

The internet is defined as: publicly available worldwide system of interconnected computer networks: made up of thousands of other, smaller business, academic, and government networks that provide various information and services, such as by electronic mail, online chat, and on the graphical, interlinked World Wide Web.

Convergence is defined as: The process of coming together or the state of having come together toward a common point.

Thus, taken together, Convergence and the Internet means the incorporation of the wide reaching and linking aspects of the internet with other mediums, in order to lead the technology toward a common point. This convergence has led to the development of new forms of media technologies.

(http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Convergence)

Internet Commons Open content describes any kind of creative work published in a format that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone, not exclusively by a closed organization, firm or individual. The largest open content project is Wikipedia. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content) The commons is the repository of this content. There are many commons projects on the go including Science Commons and Creative Commons June 5, 2009 New Media

Open content describes any kind of creative work published in a format that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone, not exclusively by a closed organization, firm or individual. The largest open content project is Wikipedia. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content)

The commons is the repository of this content. There are many commons projects on the go including Science Commons and Creative Commons

Web 2.0 “ Web 2.0 is a living term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, collaboration and functionality of the web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, video sharing sites, wikis, blogs, etc.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0) June 5, 2009 New Media

“ Web 2.0 is a living term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, collaboration and functionality of the web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, video sharing sites, wikis, blogs, etc.”

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0)

The Google Phenomenon March 1995: Google co-founders, Sergey Brin from Moscow and Larry Page from Michigan, meet at Stanford University. January 1996-December 1997: Brin and Page create BackRub, the precursor to the Google search engine. Sept. 7, 1998: Google is incorporated and takes up residence in a Menlo Park, Calif., garage with four employees. May-June 2000: Google, answering 18 million search queries a day, becomes the largest search engine on the Web. November-December 2001: Google boosts the size and scope of searchable information through its search engine to 3 billion Web documents. January-February 2002: Google begins selling its enterprise search appliance, a hardware and software product that helps companies and organizations find information within corporate intranets. March-April 2002: Google launches a beta version of Google News, which provides news stories from numerous global providers. September-October 2002: Google rolls out its keyword advertising program worldwide, making it available in the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. November-December 2002: Google launches a beta version of Froogle, a search engine that helps users search for millions of products on the Web. January-February 2003: Google acquires Pyra Labs, creator of the Web self-publishing tool Blogger. May-June 2003: Google launches AdSense, an advertising program that delivers ads based on the content of Web sites. March 31, 2004: Google announces its free e-mail service, Gmail, supported by advertising. April 29, 2004: Google files with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to sell as much as $2.7 billion in stock in an initial public offering. June 5, 2009 New Media

March 1995: Google co-founders, Sergey Brin from Moscow and Larry Page from Michigan, meet at Stanford University.

January 1996-December 1997: Brin and Page create BackRub, the precursor to the Google search engine.

Sept. 7, 1998: Google is incorporated and takes up residence in a Menlo Park, Calif., garage with four employees.

May-June 2000: Google, answering 18 million search queries a day, becomes the largest search engine on the Web.

November-December 2001: Google boosts the size and scope of searchable information through its search engine to 3 billion Web documents.

January-February 2002: Google begins selling its enterprise search appliance, a hardware and software product that helps companies and organizations find information within corporate intranets.

March-April 2002: Google launches a beta version of Google News, which provides news stories from numerous global providers.

September-October 2002: Google rolls out its keyword advertising program worldwide, making it available in the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan.

November-December 2002: Google launches a beta version of Froogle, a search engine that helps users search for millions of products on the Web.

January-February 2003: Google acquires Pyra Labs, creator of the Web self-publishing tool Blogger.

May-June 2003: Google launches AdSense, an advertising program that delivers ads based on the content of Web sites.

March 31, 2004: Google announces its free e-mail service, Gmail, supported by advertising.

April 29, 2004: Google files with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to sell as much as $2.7 billion in stock in an initial public offering.

That’s all, folks! June 5, 2009 New Media