Elastic Search: Beyond Ordinary Fulltext Search (Webexpo 2011 Prague)

ElasticSearchBeyond Ordinary Fulltext SearchKarel Minařík

http://karmi.cz ElasticSearch

AUDIENCE POLLDoes your application have a search feature? ElasticSearch

AUDIENCE POLLWhat do you use for search?1. SELECT ... LIKE %foo%2. Sphinx3. Apache Solr4. ElasticSearch ElasticSearch

Search is the primary interfacefor getting information today. ElasticSearch

http://www.apple.com/macosx/what-is-macosx/spotlight.html

http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/search.html

#uxfail???

Y U NO ALIGN???

Search is hard.Lets go write SQL queries! ElasticSearch

WHY SEARCH SUCKS?How do you implement search?def search @results = MyModel.search params[:q] respond_with @resultsend

WHY SEARCH SUCKS?How do you implement search? Query Results Result MAGICdef search @results = MyModel.search params[:q] respond_with @resultsend

WHY SEARCH SUCKS?How do you implement search? Query Results Result MAGIC + /def search @results = MyModel.search params[:q] respond_with @resultsend

23px 670pxA personal story...

WHY SEARCH SUCKS?Compare your search library with your ORM libraryMyModel.search "(this OR that) AND NOT whatever"Arel::Table.new(:articles). where(articles[:title].eq(On Search)). where(["published_on => ?", Time.now]). join(comments). on(article[:id].eq(comments[:article_id])) take(5). skip(4). to_sql

How does search work? ElasticSearch

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?A collection of documents file_1.txt The ruby is a pink to blood-‐red colored gemstone ... file_2.txt Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-‐purpose object-‐oriented programming language ... file_3.txt "Ruby" is a song by English rock band Kaiser Chiefs ...

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?How do you search documents?File.read(file_1.txt).include?(ruby)File.read(file_2.txt).include?(ruby)...

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The inverted indexTOKENS POSTINGS ruby file_1.txt file_2.txt file_3.txt pink file_1.txt gemstone file_1.txt dynamic file_2.txt reflective file_2.txt programming file_2.txt song file_3.txt english file_3.txt rock file_3.txthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)#Inverted_indices

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The inverted indexMySearchLib.search "ruby" ruby file_1.txt file_2.txt file_3.txt pink file_1.txt gemstone file_1.txt dynamic file_2.txt reflective file_2.txt programming file_2.txt song file_3.txt english file_3.txt rock file_3.txthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)#Inverted_indices

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The inverted indexMySearchLib.search "song" ruby file_1.txt file_2.txt file_3.txt pink file_1.txt gemstone file_1.txt dynamic file_2.txt reflective file_2.txt programming file_2.txt song file_3.txt english file_3.txt rock file_3.txthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)#Inverted_indices

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The inverted indexMySearchLib.search "ruby AND song" ruby file_1.txt file_2.txt file_3.txt pink file_1.txt gemstone file_1.txt dynamic file_2.txt reflective file_2.txt programming file_2.txt song file_3.txt english file_3.txt rock file_3.txthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)#Inverted_indices

module SimpleSearch A naïve Ruby implementation def index document, content tokens = analyze content store document, tokens puts "Indexed document #{document} with tokens:", tokens.inspect, "n" end def analyze content # >>> Split content by words into "tokens" content.split(/W/). # >>> Downcase every word map { |word| word.downcase }. # >>> Reject stop words, digits and whitespace reject { |word| STOPWORDS.include?(word) || word =~ /^d+/ || word == } end def store document_id, tokens tokens.each do |token| # >>> Save the "posting" ( (INDEX[token] ||= []) << document_id ).uniq! end end def search token puts "Results for token #{token}:" # >>> Print documents stored in index for this token INDEX[token].each { |document| " * #{document}" } end INDEX = {} STOPWORDS = %w|a an and are as at but by for if in is it no not of on or that the then there t extend selfend

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?Indexing documentsSimpleSearch.index "file1", "Ruby is a language. Java is also a language.SimpleSearch.index "file2", "Ruby is a song."SimpleSearch.index "file3", "Ruby is a stone."SimpleSearch.index "file4", "Java is a language."Indexed document file1 with tokens:["ruby", "language", "java", "also", "language"]Indexed document file2 with tokens:["ruby", "song"] Words downcased, stopwords removed.Indexed document file3 with tokens:["ruby", "stone"]Indexed document file4 with tokens:["java", "language"]

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The indexputs "Whats in our index?"p SimpleSearch::INDEX{ "ruby" => ["file1", "file2", "file3"], "language" => ["file1", "file4"], "java" => ["file1", "file4"], "also" => ["file1"], "stone" => ["file3"], "song" => ["file2"]}

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?Search the indexSimpleSearch.search "ruby"Results for token ruby:* file1* file2* file3

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The inverted indexTOKENS POSTINGS ruby 3 file_1.txt file_2.txt file_3.txt pink 1 file_1.txt gemstone file_1.txt dynamic file_2.txt reflective file_2.txt programming file_2.txt song file_3.txt english file_3.txt rock file_3.txthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)#Inverted_indices

It is very practical to know how search works.For instance, now you know thatthe analysis step is very important.Its more important than the “search” step. ElasticSearch

module SimpleSearch def index document, content tokens = analyze content store document, tokens puts "Indexed document #{document} with tokens:", tokens.inspect, "n" end def analyze content # >>> Split content by words into "tokens" content.split(/W/). # >>> Downcase every word map { |word| word.downcase }. # >>> Reject stop words, digits and whitespace reject { |word| STOPWORDS.include?(word) || word =~ /^d+/ || word == } end def store document_id, tokens tokens.each do |token| # >>> Save the "posting" ( (INDEX[token] ||= []) << document_id ).uniq! end end def search token puts "Results for token #{token}:" # >>> Print documents stored in index for this token INDEX[token].each { |document| " * #{document}" } end INDEX = {} STOPWORDS = %w|a an and are as at but by for if in is it no not of on or that the then there t extend selfend A naïve Ruby implementation

HOW DOES SEARCH WORK?The Search Engine Textbook Search Engines Information Retrieval in Practice Bruce Croft, Donald Metzler and Trevor Strohma Addison Wesley, 2009http://search-engines-book.com

SEARCH IMPLEMENTATIONSThe Baseline Information Retrieval Implementation Lucene in Action Michael McCandless, Erik Hatcher and Otis Gospodnetic July, 2010http://manning.com/hatcher3

http://elasticsearch.org

ElasticSearch is an open source, scalable,distributed, cloud-ready, highly-available full-text search engine and database with powerfullaggregation features, communicating by JSONover RESTful HTTP, based on Apache Lucene. ElasticSearch

{ }HTTPJSONSchema-freeIndex as ResourceDistributedQueriesFacetsMappingRuby ElasticSearch

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby# Add a documentcurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article/1" INDEX TYPE ID -‐d { "title" : "One" } DOCUMENT

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby# Add a documentcurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article/1" -‐d { "title" : "One" }# Perform querycurl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search?q=One"curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search" -‐d { "query" : { "terms" : { "tags" : ["ruby", "python"], "minimum_match" : 2 } }}# Delete indexcurl -‐X DELETE "http://localhost:9200/articles"# Create index with settings and mappingcurl -‐X PUT "http://localhost:9200/articles" -‐d { "settings" : { "index" : "number_of_shards" : 3, "number_of_replicas" : 2 }},{ "mappings" : { "document" : { "properties" : { "body" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "snowball" } } } }}

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubyhttp { GET http://user:password@localhost:8080/_search?q=* => http://localhost:9200/user/_search?q=* server { listen 8080; server_name search.example.com; error_log elasticsearch-‐errors.log; access_log elasticsearch.log; location / { # Deny access to Cluster API if ($request_filename ~ "_cluster") { return 403; #664 Add HTTPS and basic authentication support NO. break; } # Pass requests to ElasticSearch proxy_pass http://localhost:9200; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-‐Real-‐IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-‐Forwarded-‐For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; # Authorize access auth_basic "ElasticSearch"; auth_basic_user_file passwords; # Route all requests to authorized users own index rewrite ^(.*)$ /$remote_user$1 break; rewrite_log on; return 403; } https://gist.github.com/986390 }

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURES JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby ONHTTP / JS{ "id" : "abc123", "title" : "ElasticSearch Understands JSON!", "body" : "ElasticSearch not only “works” with JSON, it understands it! Let’s first . "published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:00:00", "tags" : ["search", "json"], "author" : { "first_name" : "Clara", "last_name" : "Rice", "email" : "clara@rice.org" }}

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X DELETE "http://localhost:9200/articles"; sleep 1curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article" -‐d { "id" : "abc123", "title" : "ElasticSearch Understands JSON!", "body" : "ElasticSearch not only “works” with JSON, it understands it! Let’s first . "published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:00:00", "tags" : ["search", "json"], "author" : { "first_name" : "Clara", "last_name" : "Rice", "email" : "clara@rice.org" }}curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_refresh"curl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/article/_search?q=author.first_name:clara"

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema-free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article" -‐d ..."published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:00:00",...curl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/_mapping?pretty=true"{ "articles" : { "article" : { "properties" : { "title" : { "type" : "string" }, // ... "author" : { "dynamic" : "true", "properties" : { "first_name" : { "type" : "string" }, // ... } }, "published_on" : { "format" : "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd", "type" : "date" } } } }}

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/comment" -‐d { "body" : "Wow! Really nice JSON support.", DIFFERENT TYPE "published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:05:00", "author" : { "first_name" : "John", "last_name" : "Pear", "email" : "john@pear.org" }}curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_refresh"curl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/comment/_search?q=author.first_name:john"

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/comment/_search?q=body:json" Search single typecurl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search?q=body:json" Search whole indexcurl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles,users/_search?q=body:json" Search multiple indicescurl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/_search?q=body:json" Search all indices

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURES HTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby curl -‐X DELETE "http://localhost:9200/articles"; sleep 1 curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article" -‐d { "id" : "abc123", "title" : "ElasticSearch Understands JSON!", "body" : "ElasticSearch not only “works” with JSON, it understands it! Let’s first ...", "published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:00:00", "tags" : ["search", "json"], "author" : { "first_name" : "Clara", "last_name" : "Rice", "email" : "clara@rice.org" } } curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_refresh"curl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/articles/article/abc123"

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby{"_index":"articles","_type":"article","_id":"1","_version":1, "_source" : { "id" : "1", "title" : "ElasticSearch Understands JSON!", "body" : "ElasticSearch not only “works” with JSON, it understands it! Let’s "published_on" : "2011/05/27 10:00:00", "tags" : ["search", "json"], "author" : { "first_name" : "Clara", "last_name" : "Rice", "email" : "clara@rice.org" }}} “The Index Is Your Database”

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyIndex Aliases curl -‐X POST http://localhost:9200/_aliases -‐d { "actions" : [ { "add" : { index_A "index" : "index_1", "alias" : "myalias"my_alias } }, { "add" : { "index" : "index_2", "alias" : "myalias" index_B } } ] }http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/api/admin-indices-aliases.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyThe “Sliding Window” problem curl -‐X DELETE http://localhost:9200 / logs_2010_01 logs_2010_02 logs logs_2010_03 logs_2010_04“We can really store only three months worth of data.”

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyIndex Templatescurl -‐X PUT localhost:9200/_template/bookmarks_template -‐d { "template" : "users_*", Apply this configuration for every matching "settings" : { index being created "index" : { "number_of_shards" : 1, "number_of_replicas" : 3 } }, "mappings": { "url": { "properties": { "url": { "type": "string", "analyzer": "url_ngram", "boost": 10 }, "title": { "type": "string", "analyzer": "snowball", "boost": 5 } // ... } } }}http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/api/admin-indices-templates.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby $ cat elasticsearch.yml cluster: name: <YOUR APPLICATION> Automatic Discovery Protocol MASTER Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/modules/discovery/

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby Index A is split into 3 shards, and duplicated in 2 replicas. A1 A1 A1 Replicas A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 curl -‐XPUT http://localhost:9200/A/ -‐d { "settings" : { "index" : { Shards "number_of_shards" : 3, "number_of_replicas" : 2 } } }

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURES HTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyIm pr ce ove an rm in de rfo xi pe ng h pe a rc rfo se rm e ov an pr ce Im SH AR AS DS IC PL RE

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby Y U NO ASK FIRST???

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Index as Resource / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyIndexing 100 000 documents (~ 56MB), one shard, no replicas, MacBookAir SSD 2GB# Index all at oncetime curl -‐s -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/_bulk" -‐-‐data-‐binary @data/bulk_all.json > /dev/nullreal 2m1.142s# Index in batches of 1000for file in data/bulk_*.json; do time curl -‐s -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/_bulk" -‐-‐data-‐binary @$file > /dev/nulldonereal 1m36.697s (-‐25sec, 80%)# Do not refresh during indexing in batches"settings" : { "refresh_interval" : "-‐1" }for file in data/bulk_*.json; do...real 0m38.859s (-‐82sec, 32%)

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby $ curl -‐X GET "http://localhost:9200/_search?q=<YOUR QUERY>" apple Terms apple iphone Phrases "apple iphone" Proximity "apple safari"~5 Fuzzy apple~0.8 app* Wildcards *pp* Boosting apple^10 safari [2011/05/01 TO 2011/05/31] Range [java TO json] apple AND NOT iphone +apple -‐iphone Boolean (apple OR iphone) AND NOT review title:iphone^15 OR body:iphone Fields published_on:[2011/05/01 TO "2011/05/27 10:00:00"]http://lucene.apache.org/java/3_1_0/queryparsersyntax.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURES Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby ONHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / JSQuery DSLcurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search?pretty=true" -‐d { "query" : { "terms" : { "tags" : [ "ruby", "python" ], "minimum_match" : 2 } }}http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/query-dsl/

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyGeo Search Accepted formats for Geo: [lon, lat] # Arraycurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/venues/venue" -‐d { "lat,lon" # String "name": "Pizzeria", drm3btev3e86 # Geohash "pin": { "location": { "lat": 50.071712, "lon": 14.386832 } }}curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/venues/_search?pretty=true" -‐d { "query" : { "filtered" : { "query" : { "query_string" : { "query" : "pizzeria" } }, "filter" : { "geo_distance" : { "distance" : "0.5km", "pin.location" : { "lat" : 50.071481, "lon" : 14.387284 } } } } }}http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/query-dsl/geo-distance-filter.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURES HTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyQueryFacets http://blog.linkedin.com/2009/12/14/linkedin-faceted-search/

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search?pretty=true" -‐d { "query" : { "query_string" : { "query" : "title:T*"} User query }, "filter" : { "terms" : { "tags" : ["ruby"] } “Checkboxes” }, "facets" : { "tags" : { "terms" : { Facets "field" : "tags", "size" : 10 } } }}# facets" : {# "tags" : {# "terms" : [ {# "term" : "ruby",# "count" : 2# }, {# "term" : "python",# "count" : 1# }, {# "term" : "java",# "count" : 1# } ]# }# }http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/api/search/facets/index.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/_search?pretty=true" -‐d { "facets" : { "published_on" : { "date_histogram" : { "field" : "published", "interval" : "day" } } } }

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Ruby Geo Facets curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/venues/_search?pretty=true" -‐d { "query" : { "query_string" : { "query" : "pizzeria" } }, "facets" : { "distance_count" : { "geo_distance" : { "pin.location" : { "lat" : 50.071712, "lon" : 14.386832 }, "ranges" : [ { "to" : 1 }, { "from" : 1, "to" : 5 }, { "from" : 5, "to" : 10 } ] } } } } http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/api/search/facets/geo-distance-facet.html

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X DELETE "http://localhost:9200/articles"curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/articles/article" -‐d { "mappings": { "article": { "properties": { "tags": { "type": "string", "analyzer": "keyword" }, "content": { "type": "string", "analyzer": "snowball" }, "title": { "type": "string", "analyzer": "snowball", "boost": 10.0 } } } }}curl -‐X GET http://localhost:9200/articles/_mapping?pretty=true Remember? def analyze content # >>> Split content by words into "tokens" content.split(/W/). # >>> Downcase every word map { |word| word.downcase }. # ...http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/reference/api/admin-indices-create-index.html end

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubycurl -‐X DELETE "http://localhost:9200/urls"curl -‐X POST "http://localhost:9200/urls/url" -‐d { "settings" : { "index" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "url_analyzer" : { "type" : "custom", "tokenizer" : "lowercase", "filter" : ["stop", "url_stop", "url_ngram"] } }, "filter" : { "url_stop" : { "type" : "stop", "stopwords" : ["http", "https", "www"] }, "url_ngram" : { "type" : "nGram", "min_gram" : 3, "max_gram" : 5 } } } } }}https://gist.github.com/988923

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / RubyTire.index articles do delete create store :title => One, :tags => [ruby], :published_on => 2011-‐01-‐01 store :title => Two, :tags => [ruby, python], :published_on => 2011-‐01-‐02 store :title => Three, :tags => [java], :published_on => 2011-‐01-‐02 store :title => Four, :tags => [ruby, php], :published_on => 2011-‐01-‐03 refreshends = Tire.search articles do query { string title:T* } filter :terms, :tags => [ruby] sort { title desc } http://github.com/karmi/tire facet global-‐tags { terms :tags, :global => true } facet current-‐tags { terms :tags }end

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubyclass Article < ActiveRecord::Base include Tire::Model::Search include Tire::Model::Callbacksend$ rake environment tire:import CLASS=ArticleArticle.search do query { string love } facet(timeline) { date :published_on, :interval => month } sort { published_on desc }end http://github.com/karmi/tire

ELASTICSEARCH FEATURESHTTP / JSON / Schema Free / Distributed / Queries / Facets / Mapping / Rubyclass Article include Whatever::ORM include Tire::Model::Search include Tire::Model::Callbacksend$ rake environment tire:import CLASS=ArticleArticle.search do query { string love } facet(timeline) { date :published_on, :interval => month } sort { published_on desc }end http://github.com/karmi/tire

Try ElasticSearch in a Ruby On Rails aplication with a one-line command$ rails new tired -‐m "https://gist.github.com/raw/951343/tired.rb" A “batteries included” installation. Downloads and launches ElasticSearch. Sets up a Rails applicationand and launches it. When youre tired of it, just delete the folder.

Thanks! d

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Elastic Search: Beyond Ordinary Fulltext Search (Webexpo 2011 Prague)

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