1) Semen banking is an important method for the conservation of livestock biodiversity and genetic resources in India. It involves the collection, evaluation, processing, freezing and storage of semen from genetically important breeding males. 2) For long-term conservation, a minimum of 30,000 semen doses from 15 unrelated bulls is preserved for cattle and buffalo breeds. Quality control measures ensure high post-thaw motility and integrity of stored semen doses. 3) Twenty percent of preserved semen doses for each breed are stored at the National Gene Bank in Karnal, while the remaining eighty percent are stored at regional centers, allowing for distribution and utilization of genetic material.