Some Basics of Bacteriology

1. A 3 ½ BILLION YEAR SUCCESS
STORY

2. BACTERI
A
•
Discovered in the late 1600’s
by Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• This discovery would not have
been possible WITHOUT the
invention of the
MICROSCOPE

3. 

BACTERI
A
A microorganism is simply a very small organism
that you cannot see with your naked eye
Single celled organisms
• Very small
• Need a microscope to see
• Can be found on most materials and surfaces
• Billions in your body right now

4. Bacterial Cell
Bacteria are prokaryotic which means they DO NOT have nucleus

5. Bacterial Basic Shape
Bacilli

Three basic shapes



Rod shaped called bacilli (buh-sill-eye)
Round shaped called cocci (cox-eye)
Spiral shaped
Cocci
Spiral

7. Bacterial Classification


Wall structure

Gram +
− Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus

Gram − Neisseria meningitidis, Enterobacter Species,
Pseudomonas, H. influenzae

Acid-fast
− Mycobacterium

Wall-less
− Mycoplasma
Unusual

Obligate intracellular
− Rickettsia, Chlamydia

9. Bacteria in your mouth are more
than all of the humans on Earth.

10. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
•Capsule
•Cell wall
•Ribosomes
•Nucleoid
•Flagella
•Pilli
•Cytoplasm

11. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule
 keeps the cell
from drying out
and helps it
stick to food or
other cells

12. Cell wall
Thick outer
covering that
maintains the
overall shape of
the bacterial
cell

13. Ribosomes
 cell part where
proteins are made
 Ribosomes give
the cytoplasm of
bacteria a granular
appearance in
electron
micrographs

14. Nucleoid
 a ring made
up of DNA

15. Flagella
 a whip-like
tail that some
bacteria have
for locomotion

16. Pilli
 hollow hair-like
structures made
of protein
allows bacteria
to attach to
other cells.
Pilli-singular
Pillus-plural

17. Cytoplasm
 clear jelly-like
material that
makes up most
of the cell

18. Friendly Bacteria

19. – Lactobacillus acidophilus
– Used for turning milk into yogurt and to preserve
other dairy products

20. Pseudomonas putida
Cleans wastes from sewage water at
water treatment plants

21. Streptomyces
Soil bacteria used to make streptomycin, an
antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

22. – Escherichia coli
– Bacteria that live in your colon and small intestine.
Helps you digest your food every day.

23. Harmful
Bacteria
Pathogen

24. What is a pathogen?

Bacteria that make you sick

Why do they make you sick?
−

To get food they need to survive and reproduce
How do they make you sick?
−
They produce poisons (toxins) that result in fever,
headache, vomiting, and diarrhea and destroy body
tissue
Infections
Infections
Infections
Infections

25. Infections

26. Alexander Fleming
D i s c ov
ered
Penici
ll i n
Discovered penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928

27. Thanks ..
Kamal Chandra Upreti
M.Pharm