2. ETYMOLOGY
(LANGUAGE)
THREE ANGLES
TO
DEFINE
PHILOSOPHY
TERMINOLOGY PRACTICALITY

3. Philosophia
- Philo: love
-Sophia: knowledge
- Philosophy: love for
knowledge or wisdom
ETYMOLOGY (LANGUAGE)
Philosophers: those
who have a love for
knowledge

4. DEFINIT
ION
AL- FARABI

5. SOCRATES
“… knowledge which
encompasses truth.
… contains
metaphysics, logic,
rhetoric, ethics,
economics, politics and
aesthetics.
(382SM- 322SM)

6. PLATO
“… only through
knowledge can
man attain the
real truth.”
(427SM- 348SM)

7. AL-FARABI
“… knowledge
about the physical
universe.”
(870SM- 950SM)

8. Thinking thoroughly
Free from the bonds
of tradition PRACTICALITY
Characteristics:
systematic, rational,
universal

9. Thinking logically and
Systematic sequentially
Thinking to the finest detail and
Rational solving the problem with full
responsibility
Not being confined to several
Universal aspects only

10. Can we say that all questions are philosophical
questions?
What is classified as philosophy?
Who philosophises?
Is there a difference between a common man
who philosophises and a philosopher?
What is the difference?

11. Metaphysics (ontology): speculative,
cause-and-effect relationship
E.g: What is truth? What is mankind?
Logic: differentiates
between valid and Axiology: ethics and
confusing ideas BRANCHES OF aesthetics
E.g: What is good PHILOSOPHY E.g: What is goodness?
reasoning? Not so good What is beauty?
reasoning?
Epistomology: knowledge and beliefs
E.g: What is knowledge? What are the
sources of knowledge?

12. IN EDUCATION

13. Prof. Hassan Dictionary of
Langgulung Education
(1987) (1979)
DEFINITION
Dr. Yusuf al-
John Dewey
Qardawi
(1859- 1952)
(1980)

14. e-ducere
- To lead out
A comprehensive process to develop an
individual’s abilities and behaviour.
A social process which provides opportunities
for the individual to acquire social skills for
personal development.

15. •Education is a
process to elevate
man’s status.
•School is seen as a
special environment
which is the same as
the social
environment.
JOHN DEWEY

16. •Education encompasses
our whole being-
physically, emotionally,
spiritually and
intellectually.
•Its purpose is to prepare
man to face the world
which is continually
faced with good and
bad, sweetness and
bitterness.
DR. YUSUF AL-QARDAWI

17. PROF. HASSAN LANGGULUNG
Education is a process of changing the cultural values
of each individual through: teaching, training,
indoctrination

18. Western Educationists
Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) John Milton (1608-1674)
The purpose of education is
A complete education
to live an honest, pure and
enables a man to act in a just
respectful life.
and considerate manner at all
times and in all places.

19. Eastern Educationists
Confucius Rabindrananth Tagore
(551- 479BC) (1861- 1941)
Education nurtures good Education is to produce good thinkers
behaviour in man through good and achievers in all aspects of life:
manners, consideration, respect physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual.
for our elders, love of those An educated person is ready to serve
younger than us and loyalty to love society and country at all times.
for King and country.

20. Islamic Educationists
Al-Ghazali (1058- 1111 C.E) Mohd Qatb
Education is a process which
produces a holistic and balanced
individual. It also aims to develop
fully the intellectual, physical,
emotional and spiritual potentials
Education encompasses the of the individual.
intellect and physical domains, as
well as character formation
characterized by bravery and
respect for others.

21. CONCEPT OF
PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION
Socialization process
Cultural development
Social integration
Social placement

22. ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION

23. DEFINITION OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY
Al-Kindi Al-Farabi Ibn Sina
• Consists of 3 • Can be seen • Categorized
aspects: from 2 angles: into 2 types of
• Physics • Theory – knowledge:
• Mathematics knowledge • Revelation of
• Attributes of about existing God delivered
God. things. through
• Practice – messengers
things that • The hereafter.
exist in action.

24. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
“ … a continuous process that nurtures the
natural potentials of human beings from the
intellectual, behavioral, spiritual and physical
aspects in an integrated and balanced manner
so as to produce righteous human beings who
will bring goodness to this world and
hereafter ”

25. OTHER ISLAMIC EDUCATIONISTS…
• Abdul Halim El-Muhammady, 1993:
“ … the purpose of education is to produce
righteous individuals who are willing to take on
the responsibility of the Caliphs (successors of
Prophet Muhammad) entrusted by Allah to lead
us to happiness in this world and in the next”.

26. • Abd Halim Hj. Mat Diah, 1989:
“ Islamic education is a process for all
under the purposeful guidance of
educators who will shape Muslims
based on the teachings of Islam”.

27. AIMS
1) To inculcate a noble character;
2) To educate the soul to be refined and perfect;
3) To teach students to do good, respectful and
noble deeds;
4) To train students to be courteous and be
good human beings;
5) To inculcate cleanliness, purity and sincerity
as well as noble practices in students.

28. GOALS !!!
To produce human
beings who are
To shape and develop
obedient to Allah, live
human beings to
in peace and harmony
become acknowledge,
in society and so enjoy
faithful and
tranquility and
trustworthy righteous
protection in the
and noble Muslim.
hereafter.

29. Muslim faith Character-building
education education
Physical
(Al-imansiyah) (Al-Khuluqiyah)
education
(Al-jismiyah)
Sex education AREAS OF ISLAMIC
(Al-jinisiyah) EDUCATION
Mental
education
(Al-aqiliyah)
Social Life education
education (Al-nafsiyah)
(Al-ijlimayah)

30. The Islamic philosophy of education will
encompass the different fields of Islamic
education
• The Islamic creed which contains 6 articles of
faith namely
• Ibadah which is used in 3 meanings: 1.
worship and adoration; 2. obedience and
submission; 3. service and subjection.
• Competence
• Leadership

31. ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHERS
• Ibnu Rushd (520-595 Hijrah)
• He put many new and good ideas not only in the field
of philosophy but also in medicine and Islamic
legislation.
• His great works:
– Kulliyah fit-Thibb – 16 volumes in general medicine.
– Foundations of Philosophy (Malbadil Falsafah)

32. • Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)
– Produced more than 400 literary works in theology
(study of religion), philosophy, science and sufism (a
mystic tradition within Islam)
– His great works:
• Ihya al-Ulum al-Din – a broad field of Islamic science,
jurisprudence, logic and sufism.
• Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
– Major contribution was in the History of Philosophy
and sociology.
– Write about the history of the world.
– His great works:
• Universal History
• Summary of the result (religion)

33. • Al-Farabi (870-950 AD)
– Major contribution was in Philosophy, logic and
sociology.
– His great works:
• Kitab al-ihsa al ‘ulum- explains the
classification and principles of basic science.
• Kitab al-Musiqa – a book on music.

35. Principles :
• Human beings can be good if they are willing
to change. This change happens as a result of
contact with the teacher, regardless whether
he is prophet, sifu or tok guru.

36. • One’s attitudes towards life is a determinant
for attaining happiness. For example :
According to the teachings of Buddha, of we
live only to chase after material things, it is
almost impossible for us to attain happiness.

37. • Human beings learn by observing their
natural surrounding . Simply, this means that
if w engage in self-reflection, two
possibilities will occur. Either we will be
thankful to God for the blessings bestowed
upon us or we will be ready to repent for our
wrongdoings.

38. • Every human being wants to be obtain
Enlightenment and attain Nirvana . All the
roads in life lead to that direction. When we
have become wise, automatically, we will do
good and avoid doing wrong.

39. Views of Eastern philosophers
Confucius (551-479 SM) Rabindranath Tagore
(1861-1941)

40. • Life history
– Born in 551 SM in Qufu, Shandong Province.
– He was from a poor family but he was a diligent
student when he was young.
– At the age of 20, he was offered the post as junior
official in the Imperial Place.
– Later, he became a judge in Chung-Tu, then Grand
Secretary of Justice and finally as Chief Minister.
– He had travelled far to spread his teachings in
various fields include philosophy, music,
administration and ethnics.

41. • At the prime of his career as the Great
Teacher, he had close to 3000 followers
including 72 who were excellent scholars.
• The teachings of Confucius is a separate
school known as Confucian School.
• The influence of this teachings lasted for two
thousands years.

42. • Confucius died in 479 SM at the age of 73.
• His followers wrote down all the conversation
they had with the great teacher as a sign of
remembrance.
• They collected all answers to questions,
various types of problems and daily life
situations and it is known as Confucius
Analects.

43. Confucius’ Philosophy of Education
Concept of education.
Education is for all,
irrespective of
socioeconomic or social
status.
Goals of education. To
produce an able individual
(ziancai) with good moral
values.

44. • Curriculum. Focus on the subjects below :
Moral Education- Some of the values emphasized
include respect for parents (xiao), respect for elders (
ti), deligence (min), loyalty (zhong), thrift (jian), give-
and-take (rang), wisdom (zhi), and bravery (yong).
Six books of Confucius encompassing philosophy,
politics, economics and culture.
Music.
Poetry.
Literature.
History.
Code of good behaviour.

45. • Role of the teacher.
– As a skilled facilitator and disseminator of
knowledge.
– For this purpose, a teacher has to show
commitment and responsibility for tasks assigned
to him.
– Besides, it is also important for him to know and
understand his pupils in order to maximize these
potentials and abilities.

46. • Life’s history
– He was born in Kalkota, India in 1861.
– He was from a rich Brahmin family.
– At first , he was interested to become lawyer.
However, his ambition was not realized.
– In 1901, Tagore set up school in Santiniketan
which later became university in1921.
– Although some of Tagore’s works were translated
into English.
– These included books and essays about
philosophy, religion ,education and so on.

47. Rabindranath Tagore’s Philosophy of
Education
• Concept of education. A process to prepare
human beings to live their own lives.
• Goals of education. Produce holistic
individuals through interaction and integration
with the environment.

48. • Role of teacher. As a facilitator as well as catalyst
to initiate pupils’ discussion and generate good
and creative ideas amongst pupils.
• Curriculum. Stresses knowledge and physical
activities. Some of the subjects recommend
include following :
– Music
– Arts
– Literature
– Drama and Dance
– History
– Environmental Studies

49. Implication towards educational
development in Malaysia
• Islamic philosophy
More applicable to everyday life and expand the
curriculum to reflect teaching of Islam as a way of life.
Islamic Philosophy tends to mould education in the
entire of situation.
Islamic philosophy of education shape one’s attitude,
character and moral of the students.
Train, change and educate Muslim students based in
Islamic views.

50. Eastern philosophy
• The teachers are fully responsible in
performing the effective lessons.
• The culture emphasizes on conformity, which
stifles creative thinking.
• Students are more disciplined and have higher
morality, as they often conform to rules and
religious teaching. Hence, conformity is good
for morality.