Punctuation Kadi Kangur 12A

Kadi Kangur

12A

APOSTROPHES Possession Letters, numbers, or words have been omitted or shortened to form a contraction

Possession

Letters, numbers, or words have been omitted or shortened to form a contraction

Examples the girl's homework for goodness' sake, Frankie Muniz' career girls' restroom, dinners' plates womens' restroom, mens' clothes you are - you're (not your)

the girl's homework

for goodness' sake, Frankie Muniz' career

girls' restroom, dinners' plates

womens' restroom, mens' clothes

you are - you're (not your)

COMMAS set off a dependent phrase or clause separate words of direct address after introductory words

set off a dependent phrase or clause

separate words of direct address

after introductory words

Examples After John filled his glass, he moved over to join Jack and Jane. "Jane, did you do your homework?" "Jack, will you pass me the bacon?" "Indeed, Joe, your parents can be harsh." "The unicorn, you see, is a noble beast."

After John filled his glass, he moved over to join Jack and Jane.

"Jane, did you do your homework?" "Jack, will you pass me the bacon?"

"Indeed, Joe, your parents can be harsh."

"The unicorn, you see, is a noble beast."

COLONS set off a list of things punctuate time

set off a list of things

punctuate time

Examples The swimmers compete at three levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. 8:15 NB! for example, namely, for instance, and that is.

The swimmers compete at three levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced.

8:15

NB! for example, namely, for instance, and that is.

DATES 5 th of October, 2008 NB! 5/10/04 usually means 5 October 2008 in British English and May 10, 2008 in American English.

5 th of October, 2008

NB! 5/10/04 usually means 5 October 2008 in British English and May 10, 2008 in American English.

HYPHENS to separate a word at the end of the line in running text to join compound numbers to write a fraction as a word to join compound nouns and adjectives to avoid confusion in awkward words

to separate a word at the end of the line in running text

to join compound numbers

to write a fraction as a word

to join compound nouns and adjectives

to avoid confusion in awkward words

Examples presi-dent or pres-ident (not presid-ent) thirty-two (not thirtytwo or thirty two) three-fifths (not three fifths or three/fifths) fat-necked, thin-lipped anti-icing formula (instead of antiicing)

presi-dent or pres-ident (not presid-ent)

thirty-two (not thirtytwo or thirty two)

three-fifths (not three fifths or three/fifths)

fat-necked, thin-lipped

anti-icing formula (instead of antiicing)

PERIODS End a sentence

End a sentence

Examples Incorrect: John threw the ball Jack caught the ball Jane rolled her eyes at them John threw the ball and Jack caught it. Jane rolled her eyes at them. John threw the ball. Jack caught it. Jane rolled her eyes at them.

Incorrect: John threw the ball Jack caught the ball Jane rolled her eyes at them

John threw the ball and Jack caught it. Jane rolled her eyes at them.

John threw the ball. Jack caught it. Jane rolled her eyes at them.

SEMICOLONS join two independent clauses

join two independent clauses

Examples Incorrect: I have been writing for a long time; football is a sport played on a field. I have been writing for a long time; it is one of my favorite pastimes. I have been writing for a long time. It is one of my favorite pastimes.

Incorrect: I have been writing for a long time; football is a sport played on a field.

I have been writing for a long time; it is one of my favorite pastimes. I have been writing for a long time. It is one of my favorite pastimes.

Sources: http://fanfiction.mugglenet.com/viewpage.php?page=tips_punctuation#times http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/date/written http://neoco.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/hyphens.jpg http://www.primaryclassroomresources.co.uk/acatalog/extra_punctuation.jpg

http://fanfiction.mugglenet.com/viewpage.php?page=tips_punctuation#times

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/date/written

http://neoco.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/hyphens.jpg

http://www.primaryclassroomresources.co.uk/acatalog/extra_punctuation.jpg

Thank you for your patience!