SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 67
Motivational Aspects of Open Content Authoring
Karsten D. Wolf
Didactical Design of Interactive Learning Environments

MindTrek 2007 – Social Media Stream
Tampere, 3.10.2007

                                                         cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Feel free to
make comments!
           cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
http://blog.didactalab.de




                            © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
http://www.slideshare.net/kadewe/




             Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
             Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de
                                       © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
1,731,000                569,000

   474,000                                  367,000

353,000                                             288,000


  283,000                                          251,000

            222,000                     221,000



          19.04.2007   Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
                       Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de 2007
                                          cc by Karsten D. Wolf
+17%                                   +13%

    +19%                                                   +17%

 +18%                                                            +27%
  +25%                                                             +15%

        +27%                                           +14%
                        Suomi   +22%
ca. 6 months later (1.10.2007) Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
                                   Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de 2007
                                                      cc by Karsten D. Wolf
Doubles
every 2 years
    1.2^4=2.07
                 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
today                  Wikipedias                   today

                Wiktionaries
  2 years                      Wikiquotes             1 year

              Wikinews
5-10 years                         Wikibooks         2 years
                 Wikisources

20-40 years                    Wikiversities         5 years




                                               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
today                  Wikipedias                   today

                Wiktionaries
  2 years                      Wikiquotes             1 year

              Wikinews
5-10 years                         Wikibooks         2 years
                 Wikisources

20-40 years                    Wikiversities         5 years




                                               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
today                  Wikipedias                   today

                Wiktionaries
  2 years                      Wikiquotes             1 year

              Wikinews
5-10 years                         Wikibooks         2 years
                 Wikisources

20-40 years                    Wikiversities         5 years




                                               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
today                  Wikipedias                   today

                Wiktionaries
  2 years                      Wikiquotes             1 year

              Wikinews
5-10 years                         Wikibooks         2 years
                 Wikisources

20-40 years                    Wikiversities         5 years




                                               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
from content wasteland




                         cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
to content jungle




                    cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Open Content Species

• Open Access (Journals / Papers)

• Blogs




                                                                              Andreas John 2006
• Open-Source-Journalism

• Open Law

• Open Gaming

• Open Music / Free Music

• Open Books / Textbooks / Documentation / Encyclopedias…




                                                            © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Semi-Open Contents - The Web 2.0 Landscape

• Pictures (Flickr)


• Newsaggregations (Google Reader)


• Videos / Screencasts (YouTube)


• RSS-Feeds


• Link Collections (del.icio.us)


• Presentations (slideshare)




                                       © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
open content for open education




                                  cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wordpress_staedtler/?p=141   cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
That‘s great!

            cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
We want more!

           cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
How?

       cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Why?
   are people doing it




How?

                         cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Lots of
Research on
Open Source
              cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Why start a OSS project?

 Founders usually start a project because they are not
 satisfied with existing software or simply because the
 required software does not exist. For example Linus
 Torvalds needed a Unix for his PC, resulting in Linux
 (Torvalds and Diamond, 2001), Eric Allman needed a
 more efficient email server resulting in ‘Sendmail’, Larry
 Wall needed a tool to automatically generate web pages
 resulting in ‘Perl’, and finally Don Knuth needed a
 convenient tool for type-setting documents resulting in
 ‘TEX’ (Knuth, 1979).                …cannot afford
                                   …don‘t want to pay
                                   …no control
                                                  © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Intrinsic Motivation in OSS Development

• Why engage in the production of a public good for free?


• The economist‘s view: It‘s just signaling for self-promotion (Lerner & Tirole,
  2002)


• Empirical studies contradict: it is intrinsic motivation!


   • Hertel, Guido, Sven Nieder and Stefanie Herrmann (2003)


   • Lakhani, Karim R. and Robert G. Wolf (2003)




                                                                      © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
3 main motives

1. the need for a particular software solution, i.e. the phenomenon of user-
  programmers,


2. the fun to play, i.e. some form of homo ludens payoff


3. the desire to give a gift to the programmer community, i.e a gift benefit


      1.gain reputation in community (social status)


      2.community identification


      3.reciprocal and pure altruism


                 Jürgen Bitzer, Wolfram Schrettl und Philipp J. H. Schröder 2004
                                                                                   © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Fun & Software-Development

• Flow (Csikszentmihalyi)


• Usage and Adaptation of existing OSS


• Reputation and Signals


• Identification with a group


• Learning


• Altruism




                         Benno Luthiger Stoll 2006   © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007




                             http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
Fun
Learning
Community
Reputation   cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Playfulness

 “It may well turn out that one of the
 most important effects of open
 source’s success will be to teach us
 that play is the most economically
 efficient mode of creative
 work.” (Raymond, 2000b, chapter 11)


                                  © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
What is the
difference
between
OCP and OSS?
          cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Broader Author Base for Open Contents

• students

• teachers

• researchers

• “amateurs and hobbyists” – for the love of it!

• experts

• grassroot journalists

• freelancing media producers

• basically everyone! ¿Valid claim for Educational Open Contents?


                                                                    © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
more women,
non-geeks ☛
more people
          cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Why?
How?

       cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Andreas John 2006
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Learning



                                  Andreas John 2006
Community
Reputation
         cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Understanding Open Content Authors Motivation

• Altruism – for the love of other people

• Reputation – showing off one‘s own capability = self-promotion
• Interest, Fun and Flow – doing it for the Joy of it

• Learning – learning by authoring public entities

• Collaboration – tackling something not feasible for oneself

• Job – getting a paycheck

• Assignment – getting a grade and a diploma

• Saving – no need to buy textbooks and giving back some time

• Political Statement – e.g. anti capitalist point of view, anti copyrights pov…

• Convenience – it is easier to find notes in public repositories than on my HD

                                                                       © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
World of Warcraft study (Wolf 2007, n=1100)




  < 7 <14 <20 <30 <40 40+ h/w        cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
casual authors
are looking for
community
             cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
authors out for
reputation and
knowledge
spend top hours
            cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
What kind of content makes good candidate for
OCP?

• both basic and advanced level of content, doesn‘t matter


• both Super Special Interest and Mass Audience


• Opportunity costs of making it open is low for most scientific SSI


• Reputation gain is great for Mass Audience




                                                                      © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Content size, team size & collaboration

• Smaller snippets are easier


   • Wikipedia = collective


   • Blogs = individual


• The bigger, the more authors = more difficult


• Solution: snippets!


• Problem: Thousands of snippets do not make great textbooks




                                                               © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Commented Collections

• DRY = Don‘t Repeat Yourself


• DRY(AO) = Don‘t Repeat Yourself and Others!


• Good bye Open Content Books


• Hello Commented Collections of Open Snippets


• Makes sense from the Personal Learning Environment viewpoint, too!




                                                                  © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Textbook 2.0
shared
commented
personal
learning
collections?   cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
http://aim.psch.uic.edu/   cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
controlling the jungle again?




                                cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
(Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007)
                                        cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
sounds like experts
generated content                                             access ≠ education




                                                                focus on
                                                              repurposing




                      (Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007)
                                                                cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
sounds like experts
generated content                                             access ≠ education

                                                         first try to
                                                       understand and
                                                         stimulate
                                                     AUTHORING
sounds like                                          & Re-Mixing
                                                                focus on
 killing all                                                  repurposing
 intrinsic
motivation
                      (Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007)
                                                                cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Rewards
undermine
intrinsic
motivation!
Deci, Koestner & Ryan 2001
                             cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
what to sponsor?
open education


  contents
           infra-
           structures
                 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Fun
Learning
Community
Reputation   cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Open Content
has transformed
learning in
informal settings
              cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Open Content
starts to disrupt
formal learning
settings
               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Schools &
universities
Wake up! The
600 pound
gorilla is coming!
               cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Right?


         cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Faculty educational science
                                 Didactical design of
                  interactive learning environments



http://www.karsten-d-wolf.de/


http://blog.didactalab.de/

wolf@uni-bremen.de
http://www.slideshare.net/kadewe/




                                    © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
http://www.karsten-d-wolf.de/




                                © Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2005
http://blog.didactalab.de/


wolf@uni-bremen.de

More Related Content

More from Karsten D. Wolf

Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten – technisch machbar...
Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten –  technisch machbar...Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten –  technisch machbar...
Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten – technisch machbar...Karsten D. Wolf
 
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...Karsten D. Wolf
 
Virtualisierung von Bildungsprozessen
Virtualisierung von BildungsprozessenVirtualisierung von Bildungsprozessen
Virtualisierung von BildungsprozessenKarsten D. Wolf
 
Video communities and collectives for learning
Video communities and collectives for learningVideo communities and collectives for learning
Video communities and collectives for learningKarsten D. Wolf
 
Fun Games For Serious Learning? F.R.O.G. 2012 Keynote
Fun Games For Serious Learning?  F.R.O.G. 2012 KeynoteFun Games For Serious Learning?  F.R.O.G. 2012 Keynote
Fun Games For Serious Learning? F.R.O.G. 2012 KeynoteKarsten D. Wolf
 
Social media in higher education
Social media in higher education Social media in higher education
Social media in higher education Karsten D. Wolf
 
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp Bielefeld
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp BielefeldLernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp Bielefeld
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp BielefeldKarsten D. Wolf
 
How Video Communities Transform Learning and Teaching
How Video Communities Transform Learning  and TeachingHow Video Communities Transform Learning  and Teaching
How Video Communities Transform Learning and TeachingKarsten D. Wolf
 
YouTube - das neue Bildungsfernsehen
YouTube - das neue BildungsfernsehenYouTube - das neue Bildungsfernsehen
YouTube - das neue BildungsfernsehenKarsten D. Wolf
 
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-Assessment
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-AssessmentLernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-Assessment
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-AssessmentKarsten D. Wolf
 
MirandaMod: Learning with Video
MirandaMod: Learning with VideoMirandaMod: Learning with Video
MirandaMod: Learning with VideoKarsten D. Wolf
 
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010Karsten D. Wolf
 
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20Karsten D. Wolf
 
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack Bremen
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack BremenDataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack Bremen
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack BremenKarsten D. Wolf
 
Simulations- und spielbasierte Kompetenzmessung
Simulations- und spielbasierte KompetenzmessungSimulations- und spielbasierte Kompetenzmessung
Simulations- und spielbasierte KompetenzmessungKarsten D. Wolf
 
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni Bremen
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni BremenInformationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni Bremen
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni BremenKarsten D. Wolf
 
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever Learn
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever LearnPrinciples Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever Learn
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever LearnKarsten D. Wolf
 

More from Karsten D. Wolf (20)

Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten – technisch machbar...
Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten –  technisch machbar...Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten –  technisch machbar...
Pädagogische Online-Diagnostik funktionaler Analphabeten – technisch machbar...
 
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...
Aneignung und Transformation massenmedialer 
 und schulischer Erklärstrukture...
 
Virtualisierung von Bildungsprozessen
Virtualisierung von BildungsprozessenVirtualisierung von Bildungsprozessen
Virtualisierung von Bildungsprozessen
 
Video communities and collectives for learning
Video communities and collectives for learningVideo communities and collectives for learning
Video communities and collectives for learning
 
Fun Games For Serious Learning? F.R.O.G. 2012 Keynote
Fun Games For Serious Learning?  F.R.O.G. 2012 KeynoteFun Games For Serious Learning?  F.R.O.G. 2012 Keynote
Fun Games For Serious Learning? F.R.O.G. 2012 Keynote
 
The two sides of MOOCs
The two sides of MOOCsThe two sides of MOOCs
The two sides of MOOCs
 
ZMML
ZMMLZMML
ZMML
 
Social media in higher education
Social media in higher education Social media in higher education
Social media in higher education
 
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp Bielefeld
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp BielefeldLernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp Bielefeld
Lernen durch Erklären mit Video - EduCamp Bielefeld
 
How Video Communities Transform Learning and Teaching
How Video Communities Transform Learning  and TeachingHow Video Communities Transform Learning  and Teaching
How Video Communities Transform Learning and Teaching
 
YouTube - das neue Bildungsfernsehen
YouTube - das neue BildungsfernsehenYouTube - das neue Bildungsfernsehen
YouTube - das neue Bildungsfernsehen
 
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-Assessment
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-AssessmentLernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-Assessment
Lernerfolg und Lernmotivation fördern mit E-Assessment
 
MirandaMod: Learning with Video
MirandaMod: Learning with VideoMirandaMod: Learning with Video
MirandaMod: Learning with Video
 
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010
Kompetent Prüfen am PC Workshop 2010
 
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20
Bremen sommer universität-2010-partizipativedidaktik20
 
Lea Dialog Bremen
Lea Dialog BremenLea Dialog Bremen
Lea Dialog Bremen
 
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack Bremen
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack BremenDataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack Bremen
DataGotchi iPhone Demo - EduHack Bremen
 
Simulations- und spielbasierte Kompetenzmessung
Simulations- und spielbasierte KompetenzmessungSimulations- und spielbasierte Kompetenzmessung
Simulations- und spielbasierte Kompetenzmessung
 
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni Bremen
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni BremenInformationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni Bremen
Informationen zum Master Erziehungswissenschaft an der Uni Bremen
 
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever Learn
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever LearnPrinciples Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever Learn
Principles Of The Design Of Web2.0 Learning Environments+Ever Learn
 

Recently uploaded

First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic Economicss
First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic EconomicssFirst, Second, and Third Generation Islamic Economicss
First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic EconomicssAsad Zaman
 
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist society
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist societyPlanning of societal re/production in a commonist society
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist societyStefanMz
 
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdf
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdfThe Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdf
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdfChampak Jhagmag
 
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdf
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdfMytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdf
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdfNewsroom8
 
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIB
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIBBIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIB
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIBNeil Day
 
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper Colin
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper ColinBuy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper Colin
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper ColinJasper Colin
 
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalism
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalismpowerpoint presentation about asian regioonalism
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalismrezeraaisla
 
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until now
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until nowIslamic banking in Afghanistan from start until now
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until nowhamidzafar6
 
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxism
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxismrenaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxism
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxismthxz2fdqxw
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdfAdnet Communications
 
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdf
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdfSwift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdf
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdfNeo4j
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdfMichael Silva
 
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR Loans
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR LoansPros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR Loans
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR LoansPark Place Finance LLC
 
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
 
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West Bengal
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West  BengalChallenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West  Bengal
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West BengalNabarun Chakraborty
 
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...indexPub
 
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTX
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTXAUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTX
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTXkamikazekujoh
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentationAdnet Communications
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdfMichael Silva
 

Recently uploaded (20)

First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic Economicss
First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic EconomicssFirst, Second, and Third Generation Islamic Economicss
First, Second, and Third Generation Islamic Economicss
 
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist society
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist societyPlanning of societal re/production in a commonist society
Planning of societal re/production in a commonist society
 
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdf
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdfThe Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdf
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).pdf
 
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdf
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdfMytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdf
Mytilineos (OW, TP_ €46.0_sh)_ Strong organic progress 14-03-2024.pdf
 
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIB
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIBBIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIB
BIHC Briefing Greece March 2024, with Crédit Agricole CIB
 
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper Colin
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper ColinBuy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper Colin
Buy-Side Leaps Into Gen AI Era by Jasper Colin
 
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalism
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalismpowerpoint presentation about asian regioonalism
powerpoint presentation about asian regioonalism
 
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until now
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until nowIslamic banking in Afghanistan from start until now
Islamic banking in Afghanistan from start until now
 
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxism
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxismrenaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxism
renaltumors upasana sahu Group 50.pptxism
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub (1). pdf
 
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdf
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdfSwift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdf
Swift_Maintaining Critical Standards(...).pptx.pdf
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 31124 yt.pdf
 
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR Loans
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR LoansPros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR Loans
Pros and Cons of Interest-Only DSCR Loans
 
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Economic Risk Factor Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
 
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West Bengal
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West  BengalChallenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West  Bengal
Challenging Factors of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in West Bengal
 
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...
ANALYSIS OF BANK MANDIRI S HEALTH LEVEL BASED ON RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE...
 
Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
Closing Remarks International Women's Day 2024
 
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTX
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTXAUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTX
AUDITING FRAUDS OF AN ENGLISH COMPANY.PPTX
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources_Pub presentation
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 3142024..pdf
 

Wolf Motivational Aspects Of Open Content Authoring

  • 1. Motivational Aspects of Open Content Authoring Karsten D. Wolf Didactical Design of Interactive Learning Environments MindTrek 2007 – Social Media Stream Tampere, 3.10.2007 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 2. Feel free to make comments! cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 3. http://blog.didactalab.de © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 4. http://www.slideshare.net/kadewe/ Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 5. 1,731,000 569,000 474,000 367,000 353,000 288,000 283,000 251,000 222,000 221,000 19.04.2007 Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de 2007 cc by Karsten D. Wolf
  • 6. +17% +13% +19% +17% +18% +27% +25% +15% +27% +14% Suomi +22% ca. 6 months later (1.10.2007) Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe Shoutbox: blog.didactalab.de 2007 cc by Karsten D. Wolf
  • 7. Doubles every 2 years 1.2^4=2.07 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 8. today Wikipedias today Wiktionaries 2 years Wikiquotes 1 year Wikinews 5-10 years Wikibooks 2 years Wikisources 20-40 years Wikiversities 5 years cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 9. today Wikipedias today Wiktionaries 2 years Wikiquotes 1 year Wikinews 5-10 years Wikibooks 2 years Wikisources 20-40 years Wikiversities 5 years cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 10. today Wikipedias today Wiktionaries 2 years Wikiquotes 1 year Wikinews 5-10 years Wikibooks 2 years Wikisources 20-40 years Wikiversities 5 years cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 11. today Wikipedias today Wiktionaries 2 years Wikiquotes 1 year Wikinews 5-10 years Wikibooks 2 years Wikisources 20-40 years Wikiversities 5 years cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 12. from content wasteland cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 13. to content jungle cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 14. Open Content Species • Open Access (Journals / Papers) • Blogs Andreas John 2006 • Open-Source-Journalism • Open Law • Open Gaming • Open Music / Free Music • Open Books / Textbooks / Documentation / Encyclopedias… © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 15. Semi-Open Contents - The Web 2.0 Landscape • Pictures (Flickr) • Newsaggregations (Google Reader) • Videos / Screencasts (YouTube) • RSS-Feeds • Link Collections (del.icio.us) • Presentations (slideshare) © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 16. open content for open education cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 18. That‘s great! cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 19. We want more! cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 20. How? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 21. Why? are people doing it How? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 22. Lots of Research on Open Source cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 23. Why start a OSS project? Founders usually start a project because they are not satisfied with existing software or simply because the required software does not exist. For example Linus Torvalds needed a Unix for his PC, resulting in Linux (Torvalds and Diamond, 2001), Eric Allman needed a more efficient email server resulting in ‘Sendmail’, Larry Wall needed a tool to automatically generate web pages resulting in ‘Perl’, and finally Don Knuth needed a convenient tool for type-setting documents resulting in ‘TEX’ (Knuth, 1979). …cannot afford …don‘t want to pay …no control © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 24. Intrinsic Motivation in OSS Development • Why engage in the production of a public good for free? • The economist‘s view: It‘s just signaling for self-promotion (Lerner & Tirole, 2002) • Empirical studies contradict: it is intrinsic motivation! • Hertel, Guido, Sven Nieder and Stefanie Herrmann (2003) • Lakhani, Karim R. and Robert G. Wolf (2003) © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 25. 3 main motives 1. the need for a particular software solution, i.e. the phenomenon of user- programmers, 2. the fun to play, i.e. some form of homo ludens payoff 3. the desire to give a gift to the programmer community, i.e a gift benefit 1.gain reputation in community (social status) 2.community identification 3.reciprocal and pure altruism Jürgen Bitzer, Wolfram Schrettl und Philipp J. H. Schröder 2004 © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 26. Fun & Software-Development • Flow (Csikszentmihalyi) • Usage and Adaptation of existing OSS • Reputation and Signals • Identification with a group • Learning • Altruism Benno Luthiger Stoll 2006 © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 27. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 28. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 29. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 30. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 31. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 32. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 33. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 34. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007 http://www.infonomics.nl/FLOSS/report/ (2002)
  • 35. Fun Learning Community Reputation cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 36. Playfulness “It may well turn out that one of the most important effects of open source’s success will be to teach us that play is the most economically efficient mode of creative work.” (Raymond, 2000b, chapter 11) © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 37. What is the difference between OCP and OSS? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 38. Broader Author Base for Open Contents • students • teachers • researchers • “amateurs and hobbyists” – for the love of it! • experts • grassroot journalists • freelancing media producers • basically everyone! ¿Valid claim for Educational Open Contents? © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 39. more women, non-geeks ☛ more people cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 40. Why? How? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 41. Andreas John 2006 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 42. Learning Andreas John 2006 Community Reputation cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 43. Understanding Open Content Authors Motivation • Altruism – for the love of other people • Reputation – showing off one‘s own capability = self-promotion • Interest, Fun and Flow – doing it for the Joy of it • Learning – learning by authoring public entities • Collaboration – tackling something not feasible for oneself • Job – getting a paycheck • Assignment – getting a grade and a diploma • Saving – no need to buy textbooks and giving back some time • Political Statement – e.g. anti capitalist point of view, anti copyrights pov… • Convenience – it is easier to find notes in public repositories than on my HD © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 44. World of Warcraft study (Wolf 2007, n=1100) < 7 <14 <20 <30 <40 40+ h/w cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 45. casual authors are looking for community cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 46. authors out for reputation and knowledge spend top hours cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 47. What kind of content makes good candidate for OCP? • both basic and advanced level of content, doesn‘t matter • both Super Special Interest and Mass Audience • Opportunity costs of making it open is low for most scientific SSI • Reputation gain is great for Mass Audience © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 48. Content size, team size & collaboration • Smaller snippets are easier • Wikipedia = collective • Blogs = individual • The bigger, the more authors = more difficult • Solution: snippets! • Problem: Thousands of snippets do not make great textbooks © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 49. Commented Collections • DRY = Don‘t Repeat Yourself • DRY(AO) = Don‘t Repeat Yourself and Others! • Good bye Open Content Books • Hello Commented Collections of Open Snippets • Makes sense from the Personal Learning Environment viewpoint, too! © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 51. http://aim.psch.uic.edu/ cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 52. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 53. cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 54. controlling the jungle again? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 55. (Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007) cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 56. sounds like experts generated content access ≠ education focus on repurposing (Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007) cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 57. sounds like experts generated content access ≠ education first try to understand and stimulate AUTHORING sounds like & Re-Mixing focus on killing all repurposing intrinsic motivation (Source: Atkins, Brown, Hammond 2007) cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 58. Rewards undermine intrinsic motivation! Deci, Koestner & Ryan 2001 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 59. what to sponsor? open education contents infra- structures cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 60. Fun Learning Community Reputation cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 61. Open Content has transformed learning in informal settings cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 62. Open Content starts to disrupt formal learning settings cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 63. Schools & universities Wake up! The 600 pound gorilla is coming! cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 64. Right? cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 65. Faculty educational science Didactical design of interactive learning environments http://www.karsten-d-wolf.de/ http://blog.didactalab.de/ wolf@uni-bremen.de
  • 66. http://www.slideshare.net/kadewe/ © Karsten D. Wolf 2007
  • 67. http://www.karsten-d-wolf.de/ © Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2005 http://blog.didactalab.de/ wolf@uni-bremen.de