Measuring Communities of Practice

Community of Practice Inventory: How to measure a CoP? Karsten D. Wolf & Andreas Rausch Didactical Design of Interactive Learning Environments Communities & Technologies 2007 Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Thursday, 28.06.2007 cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007

Faculty for educational science Didactical design of interactive learning environments

Tools for supporting CoP Ongoing integration of work & learning collaborative & individualized search Documents & Collaboration & Practice problem solving Knowledge repositories Project N2N-Publishing & spaces Content Sharing Knowledge Social filtering structures Social bookmarking Online communities Collaborative news- FOAF- and ﬁltering & aggregation networking platforms Formal Learning Conversation Email & E-Learning Discussion spaces groups Fleeting interactions Synchronous interactions cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007

Model for explaining group learning process in informal settings

From description to nurturing 1990 2000 First description Adaption for “Cultivating” & companies “Nurturing” Lave / Wenger Brown / Duguid Wenger Snyder & McDermott Ethnographical Consulting Design ﬁeldstudies

From description to nurturing 1990 2000 ls oo“Cultivating” & Adaption for g t is First description n companiesi s s o “Nurturing” is agn m di - Wenger ch or ben Lave / Wenger Brown / Duguid f Snyderg McDermott & & rkin Consulting ma Ethnographical Design ﬁeldstudies

Goals • diagnosis & identiﬁcation • classiﬁcation • design & evaluation of supporting measurements • differentiate between persons with different roles within the community • clearify and improve the theory

Problems of item development There is a ﬁre in the middle of our community, which warmth draws us together…

Problems of item development You can sit on a bench right beside the playﬁeld and watch the action

Starting point • „tools“ from consultants COP@Work • www.wimip.de • focused on technical implementation KAT • Andriessen & Verburg • focused on team diagnosis F-A-T • Kauffeld TCI • Anderson / West • focused on learning culture LKI • Sonntag

Analysis of CoP theory structural principles of principles of CoP Wenger et al elements support design (1998) (2001) (2002) Smith / Coenders community „barometer“ Typaldos 12 principles of collaboration Hernandes / critical success factors Fresneda 9 design strategies for Op Kim communities

We started with 12 Principles of Collaboration Typaldos 2001

CoPI Version 0.1 α α Version 0.1 Version 0.2 Zweck .61 Identität .76 Reputation .46 Lenkungsbefugnis .17 Kommunikation .41 Gruppen .71 Umgebung .70 Randbereiche .71 Vertrauen .75 Austausch .54 Entäußerung .77 Vergangenheit .79 N = 43

CoPI Version 0.1 ➙ 0.2 α α Version 0.1 Version 0.2 Persönliches Interesse .47 Zweck .61 Gemeinsames Interesse .63 Persönliche Bekanntheit .66 Identität .76 Zugehörigkeit .85 Reputation haben .36 Reputation .46 Reputation erlangen .41 Regeln vorhanden .55 Lenkungsbefugnis .17 Führungsrollen vorhanden .60 Führungsrollen erwerben .76 Kommunikation .41 Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten .71 Gruppen .71 Untergruppen .21 Umgebung .70 Umgebung / Speicher .62 Randbereiche .71 Randbereiche / Lurking .67 Vertrauen .75 Vertrauen / Offenheit .76 Austausch .54 Gegenseitigkeit / Austausch .75 Gemeinsame Praxis .45 Entäußerung .77 Rituale .79 Vergangenheit .79 Vergangenheit .73 N = 43 N = 94

CoPI Version 0.2 ➙ 0.3 (part) Version 0.2 Version 0.3 α α Being Expert vs. Layman .76 Being Informal Leader .71 Reputation haben .36 Being Formal Leader .85 Experts present .73 Experts known .78 Reputation erwerben .41 Gain Reputation .73 Rules .82 Regeln vorhanden .55 Rules enforced .50 N = 76

Explorative factor analysis Aspiration Knowledge .88 Individual Interest (P) .79 Aspiration Power .79 Aspiration Reputation .77 Aspiration Community .76 Participation .74 Sense of belonging (I) .65 .50 Learning .57 .48 .53 Voluntariness .57 -.45 Being Expert vs. Lay .46 Gain Leadership -.84 Management Hierarchy -.82 Informal Leadership -.78 Experts included -.70 Duration of membership -.50 .41 -.42 Trust / Openess .79 Experts recognized .66 Shared Practice .66 .48 Gain reputation -.46 .62 Mutuality / Exchange .43 .59 Rituals .88 Sense of shared past .81 Familiarity .73 Rules .47 .65 Repository .81 Common Interest .66 Being an informal leader -.85 Being an formal leader -.75

Explorative factor analysis Aspiration Knowledge .88 Goals and interests Individual Interest (P) .79 Aspiration Power .79 Aspiration Reputation .77 Aspiration Community .76 Participation .74 Sense of belonging (I) .65 .50 Learning .57 .48 .53 Voluntariness .57 -.45 Being Expert vs. Lay .46 Hierarchy Gain Leadership -.84 Management Hierarchy -.82 Informal Leadership -.78 Experts included -.70 Duration of membership -.50 .41 -.42 Exchange Trust / Openess .79 Experts recognized .66 Shared Practice .66 .48 Gain reputation -.46 .62 Mutuality / Exchange .43 .59 Rituals and getting Rituals .88 Sense of shared past .81 to know each other Familiarity .73 Rules .47 .65 Repository .81 Common Interest .66 Being an informal leader -.85 Being an formal leader -.75

The „12 principles“ are not factors! The „bleed“ into each other F1 F3 F2 Text F5 F4 F2 F3 F4 Subscales not satisfactory

Discussing the instrument

Community - Familiarity - Trust / Openness - Sense of belonging - Management hierarchy - Reputation - Informal leadership - Rules - Leadership - Possibility to communicate - Boundaries / Lurking Practice Domain - Common interest - Communication - Repository - Mutuality / Exchange - Learning - Rituals - Experts present - Sense of shared past - Experts known - Participation - Sub Groups - Rules enforced Individual Roles and Goals of Members - Aspiration for knowledge - Being Expert vs. Layman - Aspiration for reputation - Being informal leader - Aspiration for community - Being formal leader - Aspiration for power - Individual interest - Duration of membership

Groupwork • Community 4 mini-groups - Familiarity - Trust / Openness - Sense of belonging - Management hierarchy - Reputation - Informal leadership • community, domain & - Rules - Leadership - Possibility to communicate - Boundaries / Lurking practice Practice Domain - Common interest - Communication - Repository - Mutuality / Exchange • indididual roles & goals - Learning - Rituals - Experts present - Sense of shared past - Experts known - Participation - Sub Groups - Rules enforced • what is missing? Individual Roles and Goals of Members - Aspiration for knowledge - Being Expert vs. Layman • are items - Aspiration for reputation - Being informal leader ﬁtting? - Aspiration for community - Being formal leader - Aspiration for power - Individual interest - Duration of membership

Want to measure Your community? CoPI Contact me at wolf@uni-bremen.de http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wolf

CoPI Version 0.2 ➙ 0.3 (part) Version 0.2 Version 0.3 α α Being Expert vs. Layman .76 Being Informal Leader .71 Reputation haben .36 Being Formal Leader .85 Experts present .73 Experts known .78 Reputation erwerben .41 Gain Reputation .73 Rules .82 Regeln vorhanden .55 Rules enforced .50 N = 76

CoPI Version 0.2 ➙ 0.3 Version 0.2 Version 0.3 α α Individual Interest .85 Aspiration Knowledge .81 Persönliches Interesse .47 Aspiration Power .89 Aspiration Reputation .88 Aspiration Community .86 Gemeinsames Interesse .63 Common Interest .69 Persönliche Bekanntheit .66 Familiarity .84 Zugehörigkeit .85 Sense of Belonging .80 N = 76

CoPI Version 0.2 ➙ 0.3 Version 0.2 Version 0.3 α α Management Hierarchy .85 Führungsrollen vorhanden .60 Informal Leadership .84 Führungsrollen erwerben .76 Gain Leadership .84 Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten .71 Possibility to communicate .62 Untergruppen .21 Sub-Groups .31 Umgebung / Speicher .62 Repository .75 Randbereiche / Lurking .67 Boundaries / Lurking .59 Vertrauen / Offenheit .76 Trust / Openess .67 N = 76

CoPI Version 0.2 ➙ 0.3 Version 0.2 Version 0.3 α α Gegenseitigkeit / Austausch .75 Mutuality / Exchange .83 Gemeinsame Praxis .45 Shared Practice .78 Rituale .79 Rituals .76 Vergangenheit .73 Sense of shared past .82 Duration of membership .83 Being Expert vs. Layman .76 Being an informal leader .71 NEU Being a formal leader .85 Learning .84 Participation .88 N = 76

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Measuring Communities of Practice

by Karsten D. Wolf

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