Zend Framework
Jan Willem Eshuis

Who is this
stranger?

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What does he do?

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Enough about him!
What’s that Zend
Framework

“Zend Framework is an open source, object-
oriented web application framework
implemented in PHP 5 and licensed under
the New BSD License.”

Characteristic Zend Framework
‣ full PHP 5 open-source framework
‣ verry easy-to-use
‣ it uses the 80:20 rule (80% off the things you need
are already there)
‣ no complex configuration

Characteristic Zend Framework
‣ open BSD license (like PHP)
‣ more than 150.000 lines of high quality code
‣ more than 65% covered with unit tests
‣ large community

It uses the
MVC structure

Model
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The domain-specific representation of the
information on which the application
operates.

Viewer
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Renders the model into a form suitable for
interaction, typically a user interface
element. Multiple views can exist for a single
model for different purposes.

Controller
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Processes and responds to events,
typically user actions, and may invoke
changes on the model.

What’s in the
Zend Framework?

A lot easy-to-use parts
Photo: Jan Willem Eshuis (self)

It’s just a toolbox
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Tools that are in the toolbox
‣ MVC using Zend_Controller, Zend_View,
Zend_Layout and Zend_Form
‣ DatabaseZend_Db_Table, Zend_Db_Select
classes like
using Zend_Db_Adapter(s) and
‣ AuthenticationZend_Acl with Zend_Auth,
Zend_Session and
and ACL
‣ I18N with Zend_Locale, Zend_Date,
Zend_Measure and Zend_Translate

and even more...
‣ Web Services with Zend_Http_Client,
Zend_Rest_Client, Zend_Feed, Zend_Service_...
and more
‣ Communiction for creation of documents with
Zend_Pdf or emails with Zend_Mail, Zend_Mime
‣ Search with the implementation of
Zend_Search_Lucene
‣ Utility’s likeZend_Console_Getopt, Zend_Filter,
Zend_Config,
Zend_Cache (i love it),

Application layout

Standaard URL layout
‣ /index/index
‣ /help/index
‣ /help/search/query/hello
‣ based on /CONTROLLER/ACTION/PARAMS

Example URL
http://os2008.nos.nl/nieuws/artikel/ID/tcm:45-411801/title/welkom-thuis
‣ Controller: nieuws
‣ Action: artikel
‣ Params: ID and title

Directory structure

/application
‣ /controllers directory with your the controllers
‣ /layouts standard layouts for the application
‣ /views/.. controller specific layout
‣ /models your data models
‣ bootstrap.php
‣ Inializer.php

bootstrap.php
set_include_path('/Zendlib/Zend1.6' . PATH_SEPARATOR . '.' . PATH_SEPARATOR .
'../application/default/models/' . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());
require_once 'Initializer.php';
require_once \"Zend/Loader.php\";
// Set up autoload
Zend_Loader::registerAutoload();
// Prepare the front controller.
$frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();
// Change to 'production' parameter under production environment
$frontController->registerPlugin(new Initializer('development'));
// Dispatch the request using the front controller.
$frontController->dispatch();

Initializer.php
‣ initialisation creation of DB connection
‣ route settings application layout) (others
than the standard
create different routes
‣ load/save/create settings for things like
views, controller paths, plugins etc..

/public
‣ images static images
‣ styles static style sheets
‣ scripts static javascripts
‣ .htaccess configuration of your apache/php
‣ index.php

.htaccess
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule !\\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|png|css)$ index.php
index.php
require '../application/bootstrap.php';

Demonstration please...
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Demo application, “Hello World”
‣ http://example.com/index/index
‣ http://example.com/index/demo
‣ Both in the IndexController
‣ 2 different actions (index and demo)

IndexController.php
class IndexController extends Zend_Controller_Action {
/**
* The default action - show the home page
*/
public function indexAction() {
}
public function demoAction() {
}
}
/application/default/controllers/IndexController.php

main.phtml
<?php
echo '<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?>';
echo $this->doctype()
?>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\" />
<?php
echo $this->headTitle();
echo $this->headScript();
echo $this->headStyle();
?>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo $this->layout()->content ?>
</body>
</html>
Location: /application/default/layouts/main.phtml

index.phtml
Hello, world!
Today is <?php echo date(\"d-m-Y\");?>;
Location : /application/default/views/index/index.phtml
demo.phtml
Hello, demo page is here!
Location: /application/default/views/index/demo.phtml

That was easy ;-)
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About templates
‣ use of native PHP code in templates, why learn
another languages when PHP does the trick
‣ fromstructure1.6 templatingstandard use of thethe
way
version
of
there is a
(main.phtml uses
2-
Controller/Action content/view)
‣ you can use a template engine like Smarty
templating

What i love most
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Personal favorites
‣ Zend_Auth, Zend_Acl and Zend_Form
‣ Zend_Cache
‣ Caching DB results
‣ Caching complete pages
‣ Caching in memory with Memcache (very fast)
‣ Building static content! (this is what i like
most)

Static content? Why?
‣ it’s the cheapest content has to behave (in a cost
aspect: dynamic
content you can
generated, static
content is just there)
‣ you are only script (nogenerate the settings,
checks,
in control
to
parameters,
content)
‣ very easy scalable! (this is website of the NOS
visitors on the Euro 2008
why 60.000 concurrent
could do more than 1.1 million requests per
minute on only 15 webservers)

Another example
“adapters”

How about adapters
‣ Zend Framework makes great use of adapters
‣ For example the Zend_Configown adapters if
adapters but you can build your
class has 2
you want
‣ Anotheradapters likethe Zend_Db, is comes with
a lot of
example is
Zend_Db_Adapter_Db2,
Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle,
Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mysql
and more...

Lot’s of different adapters
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Example
“Loading a config file”

What we need and use
‣ configuration file stored in ini or xml format
‣ read the config file with Zend_Config
‣ by using Zend_Config_Ini or
Zend_Config_Xml
‣ save config with Zend_Registry

Config file - .ini
; Production settings
[production]
webhost = demo.jwe.nl
database.adapter = pdo_mysql
database.params.hostname = mysql.jwe.nl
database.params.username = dbuser
database.params.password = secret
database.params.dbname = dbname
; Test settings, extends production
[development:production]
database.params.hostname = test.mysql.jwe.nl
database.params.username = devuser
database.params.password = devsecret
Different parts in 1 config file

Config file - .xml
<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>
<configdata>
<production>
<webhost>demo.jwe.nl</webhost>
<database>
<adapter>pdo_mysql</adapter>
<params>
<host>mysql.jwe.nl</host>
<username>dbuser</username>
<password value=\"geheim\" /> <!-- short notation -->
<dbname>dbname</dbname>
</params>
</database>
</production>
<test extends=\"production\">
<database>
<params>
<host>test.mysql.jwe.nl</host>
<username>devuser</username>
</params>
</database>
</test>
</configdata>

Where to put the PHP code
‣ please us a Zend_Framework 1.6 implementation
‣ if youZendZend Studio 1.6 Project just create a
new
use
Framework
for Eclipse
‣ The example uses witch uses a class requires a
bootstrap.php
index.php that
Initializer
‣ our code is in thefunction class in the
initPhpConfig
Initializer
Examples can be downloaded at http://www.janwillemeshuis.nl/zendframework/

PHP Code
// Load the application config from an ini file
$oConfig = new Zend_Config_Ini('../data/config.ini', $this->_env);
// Store the config in the Registry (a Singleton object)
Zend_Registry::set('config',$oConfig);
Loading an INI file
// Load the application config from a xml file
$oConfig = new Zend_Config_Xml('../data/config.xml', $this->_env);
// Store the config in the Registry (a Singleton object)
Zend_Registry::set('config',$oConfig);
Loading an XML file

PHP Code
// Show the webhost from the config file
echo $oConfig->webhost;
// Show the database adapter
echo $oConfig->database->adapter;
// Show the database username
echo $oConfig->database->params->username;
Access the config object

Example
“Using the database config”

PHP Code
/**
* Create a Zend_Db object using a factory method, because of the
* configuration we have in our config file all settings like the
* type of adapter and other settings are done automaticly
*/
$oDb = Zend_Db::factory( $oConfig->database );
// Load the list of DB Tables into an array
$aTables = $oDb->listTables();
// Show the list of tables
print_r($aTables);
By changing the adapter type in the config
file our application will automaticly us
another type of database (connection) layer

That was easy ;-)
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The End.....
Questions? Please ask them!

Jan Willem Eshuis
Phone : +31 (0)6 2001 3300
E-mail : janwillem@jwe.nl
Company : www.jwe.nl
Weblog : www.janwillemeshuis.nl
Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/janwillem
Twitter : www.twitter.com/jweshuis