SEIZE THE TECHNOLOGY! SUPPORTING DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS VIA SOCIAL NETWORKING MARK SAVAGE : ( SOCIAL WORK & ADVICE STUDIES) JOHN ERSKINE : ( SPORT & EXERCISE) FACULTY OF HEALTH Connected! Visions of Transformative Post 16 Education Staffordshire University: 1 st June 2009

Supporting the Online Learner 1 Online awards delivered by S.U. Faculty of Health Sport & Exercise Masters of Public Health MSc Physical Activity & Public Health MSc Applied Sport Psychology MSc Sport Psychology MSc Applied Sport & Exercise Science Social Work & Advice Studies BA in Advice Studies

Online awards delivered by S.U. Faculty of Health

Sport & Exercise

Masters of Public Health

MSc Physical Activity & Public Health

MSc Applied Sport Psychology

MSc Sport Psychology

MSc Applied Sport & Exercise Science

Social Work & Advice Studies

BA in Advice Studies

Supporting the Online Learner 1 Bring 2 issues together.... Issue 1 Retention of Online learners Limited but growing body of literature that has found completion rates on online courses lower than traditional face to face delivery – attrition rates 10-20% higher than face to face delivery (see Diaz, 2002, Tyler-Smith 2007) Issue 2 The Rise of Social Networks ‘ Social Networking’ is the unqualified success story of Web 2.0 developments.. Can the latter support the former?

Bring 2 issues together....

Issue 1 Retention of Online learners

Limited but growing body of literature that has found completion rates on online courses lower than traditional face to face delivery – attrition rates 10-20% higher than face to face delivery (see Diaz, 2002, Tyler-Smith 2007)

Issue 2 The Rise of Social Networks

‘ Social Networking’ is the unqualified success story of Web 2.0 developments..

Can the latter support the former?

Issue 1: Retention of Online Learners Gibson (1998) suggested 3 factors explaining and predicting online attrition and these were labelled: Student Factors e.g. educational preparation, motivational and persistence attributes, student and academic self concept Situational Factors e.g. family and employer support, changes in life circumstances Educational System Factors e.g. quality and difficulty of instructional materials, tutor support Can a Social Network impact positively on some of these factors?

Gibson (1998) suggested 3 factors explaining and predicting online attrition and these were labelled:

Student Factors e.g. educational preparation, motivational and persistence attributes, student and academic self concept

Situational Factors e.g. family and employer support, changes in life circumstances

Educational System Factors e.g. quality and difficulty of instructional materials, tutor support

Can a Social Network impact positively on some of these factors?

Issue 1 Retention of Online Learners Faculty use of Bb in our online awards is focussed at modular level and thus does not (a) facilitate a sense of identity in students beyond the modular level or ... (b) contribute to the development of an online learning ‘community of practice’ Social networking offers the potential of overcoming these restrictions by allowing students on an identified online award to interact with each other simply and easily, share and learn from each other and develop a ‘sense of belonging/community’ to an award.

Faculty use of Bb in our online awards is focussed at modular level and thus does not

(a) facilitate a sense of identity in students beyond the

modular level or ...

(b) contribute to the development of an online learning ‘community of practice’

Social networking offers the potential of overcoming these restrictions by allowing students on an identified online award to interact with each other simply and easily, share and learn from each other and develop a ‘sense of belonging/community’ to an award.

Developing a Community of Practice into Rovai (2002, p.12) states that with respect to online learning “ those students who possess strong feelings of community are more likely to persist than those students who feel alienated and alone.” ‘ Communities of Practice’ are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly (Wenger 2007)

Rovai (2002, p.12) states that with respect to online learning

“ those students who possess strong feelings of community are more likely to persist than those students who feel alienated and alone.”

‘ Communities of Practice’ are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly (Wenger 2007)

Issue 2: The Rise of Social Networks Social network software allows individuals to.. construct a profile (type oneself into being)… connect with others who share similar interests… view and offer up content to support and further build the social network/community to which they belong

Social network software allows individuals to..

construct a profile (type oneself into being)…

connect with others who share similar interests…

view and offer up content to support and further build the social network/community to which they belong

Issue 2: The Rise of Social Networks Facebook: 200 million active users- 40 languages, 180 countries, if it was a country – 8 th most populated in the world MySpace: 175 million active users, 50 million paying subscription Twitter: 758% growth in 2008, 4.53 million users, 5-7000 accounts opened every day Bebo: 40 million registered users Ning: 1 million social network sites (1/5 th active) increasing at rate of 3000 per day. 22 million registered users (6.1. million active).

Facebook: 200 million active users- 40 languages, 180 countries, if it was a country – 8 th most populated in the world

MySpace: 175 million active users, 50 million paying subscription

Twitter: 758% growth in 2008, 4.53 million users, 5-7000 accounts opened every day

Bebo: 40 million registered users

Ning: 1 million social network sites (1/5 th active) increasing at rate of 3000 per day. 22 million registered users (6.1. million active).

Social Networks and Online learners Potential Benefits of a Social Network to Online Learners Overcome sense of isolation Provide a more informal ‘social’ means of communication between students Allow students in the ‘same boat ‘to get to know one another better Develop a greater sense of community of practice Allow like minded students to form groups Encourage staff –student interaction outside the more formal academic setting

Project Details Our ongoing project is examining whether social networking software is a tool that should be considered by online awards at Staffordshire University as a part of the retention “mix” that is offered to our online students Two specific questions are being examined: (1) Will the reported student experience of a social network differ between a Ug. Online award (B.A. Advice Studies) and Pg. online award (MSc. Applied Sport & Exercise Science)? (2) Will engagement with a Social Network “site” influence and impact on reported student commitment and motivation to their award?

Our ongoing project is examining whether social networking software is a tool that should be considered by online awards at Staffordshire University as a part of the retention “mix” that is offered to our online students

Two specific questions are being examined:

(1) Will the reported student experience of a social network differ between a Ug. Online award (B.A. Advice Studies) and Pg. online award (MSc. Applied Sport & Exercise Science)?

(2) Will engagement with a Social Network “site” influence and impact on reported student commitment and motivation to their award?

Why Select Ning? Ning.com allows you to create your own social network around a specific topic without having to join the larger networks. Ning groups can be ‘open’ or ‘invitation-only’ It is a simple, free (with some adware) or for a charge (with no adware) piece of software that anyone can easily use to establish a community of individuals who have a ‘common bond’ About 30 minutes of work to set up basic site

Ning.com allows you to create your own social network around a specific topic without having to join the larger networks.

Ning groups can be ‘open’ or ‘invitation-only’

It is a simple, free (with some adware) or for a charge (with no adware) piece of software that anyone can easily use to establish a community of individuals who have a ‘common bond’

About 30 minutes of work to set up basic site

Advice Studies/Sport & Ex Sci & Ning! Applied Sport & Exercise Science Ning Network went ‘live’ in April 2009 - currently approx. 25 students on this ning Advice Studies Support Ning Network went ‘live’ in September 2008 - students given demo of Ning at induction and a reminder at start of each online module - currently approx. 75 students on this Ning Lets have a look.......

Applied Sport & Exercise Science Ning Network went ‘live’ in April 2009

- currently approx. 25 students on this ning

Advice Studies Support Ning Network went ‘live’ in September 2008

- students given demo of Ning at induction and a

reminder at start of each online module

- currently approx. 75 students on this Ning

Lets have a look.......

Advice Studies Ning more established - Personalisation of space (Cleeland) Informal social communication (Hutton) Formal staff to student communication ( News) Student to student support (All Discussions) Staff to student support (Discussions) Development of practice community (Overview) Special interest group formation (Groups) Staff / student – Student student interaction outside network (email) Examples of Ning Activity 1

Advice Studies Ning more established -

Personalisation of space (Cleeland)

Informal social communication (Hutton)

Formal staff to student communication ( News)

Student to student support (All Discussions)

Staff to student support (Discussions)

Development of practice community (Overview)

Special interest group formation (Groups)

Staff / student – Student student interaction outside network (email)

Examples of Ning Activity 2 It also allows students to create individual Blogs share of photos The sharing of videos Informal chat

It also allows students to

create individual Blogs

share of photos

The sharing of videos

Informal chat

Emerging Themes: Advice Studies Advice Studies Network in operation for 6 months. Friendships are being formed Similar challenges are being identified by students Mutual support and encouragement amongst students is taking place. Sharing of concerns/worries/successes are taking place

Advice Studies Network in operation for 6 months.

Friendships are being formed

Similar challenges are being identified by students

Mutual support and encouragement amongst students is taking place.

Sharing of concerns/worries/successes are taking place

What do members think? Advice Studies: Quote 1 “ I think this site has been really useful. Firstly, to get to know fellow students and make friendships. Secondly for the support you can get whilst studying and to share ideas and advice. I personally have found it invaluable”

Advice Studies: Quote 1

“ I think this site has been really useful. Firstly, to get to know fellow students and make friendships. Secondly for the support you can get whilst studying and to share ideas and advice. I personally have found it invaluable”

What do members think? Advice Studies: Quote 2 “ No one needs to feel "on their own" anymore, even if the other students aren't doing your modules, there will be someone who knows what it is like to endlessly read and reread your essay and wonder if you should have put this or that in!”

Advice Studies: Quote 2

“ No one needs to feel "on their own" anymore, even if the other students aren't doing your modules, there will be someone who knows what it is like to endlessly read and reread your essay and wonder if you should have put this or that in!”

What do members think? Advice Studies: Quote 3 “ It is like a side dish to the award ! What I mean to say is that in line with the degree, its a great source of communication both with the module award leader, the administration staff, fellow students and tutors. The site is very useful when sharing thoughts, ideas, and personally, has helped me gain more confidence in terms of voicing my views in general. Ning has helped me in establishing new friendships and to get to know fellow students from different backgrounds”

Advice Studies: Quote 3

“ It is like a side dish to the award ! What I mean to say is that in line with the degree, its a great source of communication both with the module award leader, the administration staff, fellow students and tutors. The site is very useful when sharing thoughts, ideas, and personally, has helped me gain more confidence in terms of voicing my views in general. Ning has helped me in establishing new friendships and to get to know fellow students from different backgrounds”

What do members think? Sport & Exercise Science: Quote 1 “ Distance learning is great but it definitely has its drawbacks, and that is mainly the social aspect of studying together. I still meet my old university mates here in Malta and we still consider each other best friends…. ….. I barely know anyone of my fellow students at Staffordshire and that is a pity because I believe that getting to know new people especially from different countries is very important. I hope that this network will give us the opportunity to get to know each other a little bit better”

Sport & Exercise Science: Quote 1

“ Distance learning is great but it definitely has its drawbacks, and that is mainly the social aspect of studying together. I still meet my old university mates here in Malta and we still consider each other best friends…. ….. I barely know anyone of my fellow students at Staffordshire and that is a pity because I believe that getting to know new people especially from different countries is very important. I hope that this network will give us the opportunity to get to know each other a little bit better”

What do members think? Sport & Exercise Science: Quote 2 “ I look forward to chatting to you all - if I have time! I may be wrong but I think some people find Blackboard a little daunting. This site creates a less formal environment and may help people share their thoughts more comfortably. Just a thought!”

Sport & Exercise Science: Quote 2

“ I look forward to chatting to you all - if I have time! I may be wrong but I think some people find Blackboard a little daunting. This site creates a less formal environment and may help people share their thoughts more comfortably. Just a thought!”

Project Evaluation Both Ning sites will be evaluated in July 2009 using Qualtrics questionnaire software Mix of quantitative and qualitative questions examining the impact of each Ning site on… (a) students feelings of commitment to their online award and (b) students sense of an emerging ‘community of practice’

Both Ning sites will be evaluated in July 2009 using Qualtrics questionnaire software

Mix of quantitative and qualitative questions examining the impact of each Ning site on…

(a) students feelings of commitment to their online award and

(b) students sense of an emerging ‘community of practice’

Emerging (Informal) Evidence Potential Benefits of a Social Network to online learners Level of Support emerging for the 2 NING sites Overcome sense of isolation Provide a more informal ‘social’ means of communication between students Allow students in the ‘same boat ‘to get to know one another better Develop a greater sense of community of practice Allow like minded students to form groups Encourage staff –student interaction outside the more formal academic setting

Finally…. In the next 2 days have a go at setting up your own Ning site!

In the next 2 days have a go at setting up your own Ning site!

Setting up a Ning Site – as easy as.. Go to www.ning.com Click on ‘Create your Own Social Network” Give you ning site a name Select a web address *******.ning.com Choose a template (or create your own design) for the look of the site e.g. select background banner, select colour of background, colour and form of text etc etc Select what page formats you want (photos, videos, forum, groups, blogs, discussions Position these elements on the page via drag and drop feature Create and add content to your own page Add some content for others to view and…Invite members to join!! JP

Go to www.ning.com

Click on ‘Create your Own Social Network”

Give you ning site a name

Select a web address *******.ning.com

Choose a template (or create your own design) for the look of the site

e.g. select background banner, select colour of background, colour and form of text etc etc

Select what page formats you want (photos, videos, forum, groups, blogs, discussions

Position these elements on the page via drag and drop feature

Create and add content to your own page

Add some content for others to view and…Invite members to join!!

JP

Reference List Diaz, D.P. (2002) Online drop rates revisited. The Technology Source [online] http://jolt.merlot.org/Vol2_No2_TylerSmith.htm. [Accessed 22/03/09] Gibson, C.C. (1998). The distance learner’s academic self-concept. In C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance learners in higher education: Institutional responses for quality outcomes. Madison, WI: Atwood. Tyler-Smith, K. (2007) Early Attrition among first time eLearners: A review of factors that contribute to drop out, withdrawal and non completion rates of adult learners undertaking eLearning programmes. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, Vol. 12, No 2. [Accessed 22/03/09]. Wenger, E. (c 2007) 'Communities of practice. A brief introduction'. Communities of practice [ http:// www.ewenger.com /theory/ . Accessed 22/03/09, 2009]. JP

Diaz, D.P. (2002) Online drop rates revisited. The Technology Source [online] http://jolt.merlot.org/Vol2_No2_TylerSmith.htm. [Accessed 22/03/09]

Gibson, C.C. (1998). The distance learner’s academic self-concept. In C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance learners in higher education: Institutional responses for quality outcomes. Madison, WI: Atwood.

Tyler-Smith, K. (2007) Early Attrition among first time eLearners: A review of factors that contribute to drop out, withdrawal and non completion rates of adult learners undertaking eLearning programmes. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, Vol. 12, No 2. [Accessed 22/03/09].

Wenger, E. (c 2007) 'Communities of practice. A brief introduction'. Communities of practice [ http:// www.ewenger.com /theory/ . Accessed 22/03/09, 2009].

JP