The focus on compliance was fueled by the financial audit of the Department of Health and Human Services’ audit of the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA) now known as CMS
Legislation passed afterwards made it easier for the government to prove violations of reimbursement. Resources were increased devoted to enforcing healthcare laws and regulations (hiring lawyers, FBI involvement, etc.) Healthcare fraud under HIPPA became a criminal offense. This applies to all claims under health benefit programs, regardless if government funded or not.