2011 cells

Bioloy: Cells
Building blocks of life!

Cell Discovery
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Early 1600’s
Saw tiny organisms in pond water
Robert Hooke
1665
Saw tiny chambers in cork tissue
Termed the tiny chambers “cells”

Different Microscopes
Different microscopes reveal different aspects of this Green Algae

Major Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Smaller, relatively simple
NO Nucleus, but has DNA
Ie. Bacteria
Include cytoplasm, ribosomes, & genetic material
All contain Nuclei
Most contain organelles
Unicellular or multicellular organisms
Animal, Fungi, Protists, & Plant Cells

DNA in nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
Fig. 4-3b, p.52
Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Fig. 4-13, p.58
Plant Cell

DNA in nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
Fig. 4-3c, p.52
Eukaryotic Animal Cell

Animal Cell
Fig. 4-14, p.58

Cell Membrane
Thin, Flexible Barrier
Protection and Support
“ Skin” of the cell
Boundary
Allows interactions w/surroundings

Front and back views of a 3D model of the Golgi region in an insulin-secreting, mammalian cell

Cell Wall
Stronger layer outside of cell membrane
Support & Protect
Permeable to Water, Oxygen, CO 2 , & others
Found in Plants, Algae, Fungi & Prokaryotes

Cytoskeleton (Microtubules & Microfilaments)
Help the cell maintain its shape.
Assists with movement
Serve as “tracks” along which organelles move
Form cilia & flagella

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Made of RNA & Proteins
Assembled in the nucleolus
Makes proteins
Internal membrane system
Assembles components (lipids) of the cell membrane (Smooth ER)
Modifies proteins (Rough ER)

Golgi Apparatus
Completes, stores, and moves products made in the ER (ie. Proteins)
Package finished material for shipment to final destinations

Lysosome
Stores enzymes to digests lipids, carbohydrates, & proteins
Breaks down old cell parts

Vacuole
Primarily found in Plants
Sac-like structure
Stores water and products
Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in animal cells

Chloroplast
Contains Chlorophyll
Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis Found commonly in plants.

two outer membranes
Thylakoid membrane, a much-folded single flattened compartment inside the stroma
Fig. 4-20, p.65
stroma (semifluid interior)
central vacuole
chloroplast in the cytoplasm of a plant cell

Mitochondria
Converts food molecules into ATP (the “powerhouse”)
Found in PLANTS & animals
Contain their own DNA (former prokaryotes???)
Humans inherit from their mom.

Product? Functioning Society
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
DNA
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Product? DNA - Protein - Trait
H 2 O
H 2 O
L
L
L
Trash
King
Food

2011 cells

by justinmcfadden

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