30 Bearings& Lubrication Fope

BEARINGS & LUBRICATION

PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION

TYPES OF BEARINGS

BEARING ARRANGEMENT THRUST RADIAL

BEARING ARRANGEMENT

ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
BALL BEARINGS
RADIAL BALL BEARING
ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING
ROLLER BEARINGS
CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
TAPER ROLLER BEARING
SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING

BEARING NOMENCLATURE

LOAD DIRECTION

BALL BEARINGS

ROLLER BEARINGS

NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS

BEARING LIFE

LOAD CARRYING SURFACES

BEARING DESIGNATION

BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS
A SURVEY REVEALS :
9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING & DISMOUNTING.
43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.
OBJECTIVE:
100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.

FRICTION BEARINGS TILTING PAD BEARING SLEEVE BEARINGS

WORKING PRINCIPLE

TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING

TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING

LUBRICATION

WHY LUBRICATION??
Formation of protective film to
Reduce friction
Prevent corrosion
Remove wear particles and debris
Provide efficient cooling
Reduce wear
Shock absorption
Overall life improvement

LUBRICATION THEORY
Full film
Static
Hydrodynamic
Elastohydrodynamic
Application of pressure / load
Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
Boundary layer
Layer separation not complete
Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube

GREASE Vs OIL
When greases?
Normal speed and temp conditions
Simpler / cheaper installation
Better adhesion
Protection against impurities
Less frequent application required
When Oils?
High Speed and temp
Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics
Can be used in recirculative systems
Can serve better in excessive dirt environment
More stable than greases

LUBE OIL PROPERTIES
Viscosity
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
Oxidation stability
Demulsibility
Load carrying ability (EP)
Detergency
TAN / TBN

TYPES OF LUBRICANTS
Automotive oils
Engine oils
Gear oils
Transmission oils
Other oils (preservative oils etc)
Industrial oils
Turbine oils
Hydraulic oils
Gear oils
Refrigeration compressor oils
Greases
Synthetic oils

LUBE OIL SELECTION
OEM recommendation
Viscosity & VI
Bearing and lubrication type
Operating temperature

LUBE OIL MONITORING
Lube oil level
Oil pressure
Oil inlet and outlet temp
Lube cooler inlet & outlet temp
Oil filter DP
Bearing temp

WDA Concept
Every lubricated wear surface generates particles
There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system
When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the concentration of small particles present in the system
Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system (filtration)
When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the concentration of large particles
Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the machine

WDA Methodology
Particle Size
Composition
Shape
Concentration

WDA Trend Graph

Oil analysis Vs WDA
Lubricant Analysis
Monitoring of the lubricant
Condition of the lubricant
Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles
Wear debris Analysis
Monitoring of wear particles
Condition of the machine
Quantity of wear particles in ppm

WDA : Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration
Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill

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30 Bearings& Lubrication Fope

by jubin

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