Psychology 102: Review & summary Dr James Neill Centre for Applied Psychology University of Canberra 2009

Reading There is no corresponding reading from Gerrig et al. for this review and summary lecture

Overview Essay feedback Final exam Review of lectures Evaluation and feedback

Essay feedback

Final exam

Review of lectures

Evaluation and feedback

Essay feedback Average essay mark in Psy 101 = 60.8 Average essay mark in Psy 102 = 65.8 Range = 20 – 100

Average essay mark in Psy 101 = 60.8

Average essay mark in Psy 102 = 65.8

Range = 20 – 100

Abstract (10%) Good abstracts summarised argument, theory, research, and conclusions in ~150 words. Weaker abstracts tended to say what the essay would cover, without actually summarising the content Do not include citations Present on a separate page, following the title page

Good abstracts summarised argument, theory, research, and conclusions in ~150 words.

Weaker abstracts tended to say what the essay would cover, without actually summarising the content

Do not include citations

Present on a separate page, following the title page

Argument (20%) Answer all parts of the question/topic – don't just pick a couple of convenient examples or aspects Stay on topic – all information needs to be relevant, current and appropriately detailed Viewpoint should be clear, based on literature presented Evidence for both sides of the argument is needed – how else can you reach a logical and concise conclusion?

Answer all parts of the question/topic – don't just pick a couple of convenient examples or aspects

Stay on topic – all information needs to be relevant, current and appropriately detailed

Viewpoint should be clear, based on literature presented

Evidence for both sides of the argument is needed – how else can you reach a logical and concise conclusion?

Argument (20%) Introduce the topic and establish the importance State the argument and summarise main ideas Define/explain technical terms Answer the question and stay on topic Main points should follow clearly Summarise main points

Introduce the topic and establish the importance

State the argument and summarise main ideas

Define/explain technical terms

Answer the question and stay on topic

Main points should follow clearly

Summarise main points

Theory (20%) Some essays didn't present any theory Some essays only presented one theory Some essays critically examined several relevant theories

Some essays didn't present any theory

Some essays only presented one theory

Some essays critically examined several relevant theories

Research (20%) Link the evidence you provide to your argument – ask “so what?” Critically evaluate It is stronger to summarise a body of research than to simply describe a small number of studies in detail

Link the evidence you provide to your argument – ask “so what?”

Critically evaluate

It is stronger to summarise a body of research than to simply describe a small number of studies in detail

Presentation (20%) Use APA style Use in-text citations Write in your own words – avoid overuse of direct quotes Write in third person (not I, me, we, us, our, you, your etc.) Avoid colloquial language Subjects - use participants

Use APA style

Use in-text citations

Write in your own words – avoid overuse of direct quotes

Write in third person (not I, me, we, us, our, you, your etc.)

Avoid colloquial language

Subjects - use participants

References (10%) Reference all ideas that are not your own work (Ask yourself “how do I know this?”) Use peer-reviewed sources (journal articles and edited book chapters) Every citation in essay must be in your reference list and vice versa

Reference all ideas that are not your own work (Ask yourself “how do I know this?”)

Use peer-reviewed sources (journal articles and edited book chapters)

Every citation in essay must be in your reference list and vice versa

Other tips Follow APA format Review the marking criteria again before you submit your essay Get someone to proofread Read it aloud to yourself Don’t leave it to the last minute Ask for help – e.g., Academic Skills and Health Learning Resource Centre

Follow APA format

Review the marking criteria again before you submit your essay

Get someone to proofread

Read it aloud to yourself

Don’t leave it to the last minute

Ask for help – e.g., Academic Skills and Health Learning Resource Centre

Academic Skills Program Grammar and Writing Course Aim: Participants become confident and effective writers of academic English Dates: Mon-Fri for 2 weeks 23 Nov – 4 Dec Outline: Sentence level grammar (Punctuation, complex sentences, linking ideas into logical sequences) Generic writing skills (essays/ reports/coherent paragraphs/ punchy introductions and conclusions) Cost: $35.00 Enrolments: At the Academic Skills Program

Sentence level grammar (Punctuation, complex sentences, linking ideas into logical sequences)

Generic writing skills (essays/ reports/coherent paragraphs/ punchy introductions and conclusions)

Final exam When : 2pm Wed 18th Nov 2009 Where : Gymnasium Time : 2 hours Deferred exam applications go to Examinations Office http://www.canberra.edu.au/student-services/examinations/alternative-exams

When : 2pm Wed 18th Nov 2009

Where : Gymnasium

Time : 2 hours

Deferred exam applications go to Examinations Office http://www.canberra.edu.au/student-services/examinations/alternative-exams

Revising for the exam ~100 multiple choice questions ~9 topics, ~11 questions on each Exam questions will be similar to quiz questions Review main points from each chapter, lecture and tutorial Test yourself – MyPsychLab website quizzes Review weak areas

~100 multiple choice questions

~9 topics, ~11 questions on each

Exam questions will be similar to quiz questions

Review main points from each chapter, lecture and tutorial

Test yourself – MyPsychLab website quizzes

Review weak areas

What to bring to the exam Current UC student ID card Lead pencils / sharpener Eraser No other materials permitted

Current UC student ID card

Lead pencils / sharpener

Eraser

No other materials permitted

What is in the exam? Intercultural & indigenous psych Consciousness Cognitive processes Therapies Sensation & perception Learning Intelligence Motivation Social processes

Intercultural & indigenous psych

Consciousness

Cognitive processes

Therapies

Sensation & perception

Learning

Intelligence

Motivation

Social processes

What is psychology? Study of the way people: Think (cognition) Feel (emotions) Behave (actions)

Think (cognition)

Feel (emotions)

Behave (actions)

Intercultural psychology Intercultural psychology: Recognition of the impact of cultural contexts on psychological processes and explanations. Cultural contexts have a profound effect on psychological functioning.

Intercultural psychology: Recognition of the impact of cultural contexts on psychological processes and explanations.

Cultural contexts have a profound effect on psychological functioning.

Indigenous psychology Stolen generations Assimilation policies Psychological relevance includes trauma, isolation, abuse, identity, culture, health, services Incorporate this knowledge into our existing theories - broaden constructs and theories to make psychology more relevant to a wider range of people.

Stolen generations

Assimilation policies

Psychological relevance includes trauma, isolation, abuse, identity, culture, health, services

Incorporate this knowledge into our existing theories - broaden constructs and theories to make psychology more relevant to a wider range of people.

Mind, consciousness and alternative states Consciousness – an awareness of ourselves and our environment Sleep Circadian rhythm Sleep cycle Sleep deprivation

Consciousness – an awareness of ourselves and our environment

Sleep

Circadian rhythm

Sleep cycle

Sleep deprivation

Mind, consciousness and alternative states Sleep disorders Dreams Hypnosis Drugs Psychoactive drugs Near-death experiences

Sleep disorders

Dreams

Hypnosis

Drugs

Psychoactive drugs

Near-death experiences

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive processes What is cognition? Concepts Prototypes Language Problem solving Trial & error, algorithm , heuristic, insight Obstacles Confirmation bias, fixation

What is cognition?

Concepts

Prototypes

Language

Problem solving

Trial & error, algorithm , heuristic, insight

Obstacles

Confirmation bias, fixation

Cognitive processes Decisions and judgements Representative and availability heuristics Overconfidence and framing Belief bias Belief perseverance

Decisions and judgements

Representative and availability heuristics

Overconfidence and framing

Belief bias

Belief perseverance

Therapies for psychological disorders History of therapeutic treatment for psychological disorders How psychodynamic, behaviour, cognitive, humanistic, biomedical, and group therapies work

History of therapeutic treatment for psychological disorders

How psychodynamic, behaviour, cognitive, humanistic, biomedical, and group therapies work

Sensation Sensation = signals from the environment turned into neural signals Absolute threshold & difference threshold Signal detection theory Subliminal stimulation Sensory adaptation

Sensation = signals from the environment turned into neural signals

Absolute threshold & difference threshold

Signal detection theory

Subliminal stimulation

Sensory adaptation

Sensation Vision Light – wavelength and amplitude Eye Bottom-up & top-down processing Colour vision Sound Touch - pain & gate-control theory Taste Smell Kinethesis & the Vestibular system

Vision

Light – wavelength and amplitude

Eye

Bottom-up & top-down processing

Colour vision

Sound

Touch - pain & gate-control theory

Taste

Smell

Kinethesis & the Vestibular system

Perception Organisation of sensory information into something meaningful Selective attention Perceptual organisation Form perception Depth perception Motion perception

Organisation of sensory information into something meaningful

Selective attention

Perceptual organisation

Form perception

Depth perception

Motion perception

Perception Perceptual interpretation Perceptual illusions Perceptual adaptation Perceptual set Concepts/schemas Human factors psychology ESP

Perceptual interpretation

Perceptual illusions

Perceptual adaptation

Perceptual set

Concepts/schemas

Human factors psychology

ESP

5 minute break – have a stretch

Learning Classical conditioning US  UR Pair CS with US and CS  CR Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalisation, discrimination

Classical conditioning

US  UR

Pair CS with US and CS  CR

Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalisation, discrimination

Learning Operant conditioning Shaping, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement Reinforcement schedules Observational learning

Operant conditioning

Shaping, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement

Reinforcement schedules

Observational learning

Intelligence Definition? One or many intelligences? History of intelligence testing Features of good tests IQ: Cultural/social background on IQ performance Genetic vs. environmental influences (nature vs. nurture) Intelligence, creativity and mental illness

Definition? One or many intelligences?

History of intelligence testing

Features of good tests

IQ: Cultural/social background on IQ performance

Genetic vs. environmental influences (nature vs. nurture)

Intelligence, creativity and mental illness

Motivation What is motivation? Motivation theories Instincts and evolutionary Drives and incentives Optimal arousal Hierarchies of motives

What is motivation?

Motivation theories

Instincts and evolutionary

Drives and incentives

Optimal arousal

Hierarchies of motives

Motivation Eating motivation: Hunger Body chemistry Environmental factors Eating disorders Sexual motivation Achievement motivation

Body chemistry

Environmental factors

Eating disorders

Sexual motivation

Achievement motivation

Social processes, society & culture Social rules, norms, roles Conformity Obedience Group processes Group polarisation Groupthink Pro-social behaviour and altruism Psychology of peace and conflict resolution (Social (influence

Social rules, norms, roles

Conformity

Obedience

Group processes

Group polarisation

Groupthink

Pro-social behaviour and altruism

Psychology of peace and conflict resolution

Feedback Thank-you for feedback received during semester. Complete the online evaluation (Unit Satisfaction Survey) to submit official ratings and let us know what worked and what didn’t.

Thank-you for feedback received during semester.

Complete the online evaluation (Unit Satisfaction Survey) to submit official ratings and let us know what worked and what didn’t.

Gerrig, R. J., Zimbardo, P. G., Campbell, A. J., Cumming, S. R., & Wilkes, F. J. (2008). Psychology and life (Australian edition). Sydney: Pearson Education Australia. References

Gerrig, R. J., Zimbardo, P. G., Campbell, A. J., Cumming, S. R., & Wilkes, F. J. (2008). Psychology and life (Australian edition). Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.