2. Step 1: Read
• Think: What’s important?
What is the author
writing about?
• Optional: Print out your
articles/make a
photocopy of your
http://www.youthbeat.com/Portals/33268/images/Teen-at-computer.jpg
• You need to know what sources and read actively.
you’ve found in order to – Use a pen/highlighter to
take notes on it. (DUH!) identify important
information.
3. Step 2: Think
ASK YOURSELF THESE
QUESTIONS: Then…
• Is this information relevant • If you can answer “YES” to
to my paper? these questions, move on.
• Can I trust this resource? • If you said “NO” to any of
• Do I need this these questions, consider
information, or do I already moving on and finding
have it? another source.
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4. Step 3: Decide How to Proceed
• Use a direct quote?
– If you can’t say it any better yourself OR
• Paraphrase?
– If you need the details of the text, but
you can put it in your own words and OR
not lose anything.
• Summarize?
– If you only need the main ideas of what you’ve
read. Condensing the information will be enough.
5. But, how
do I do
these
things?
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6. How to Quote Directly
• Copy and paste the text you intend to use.
• Put quotation marks around it. (Both
sides, please.)
• Beneath the quote, explain, in your own
words, the significance of this information.
– If you can’t say it any better, you still ought to
have a reason to include it. Explain that here.
7. In-text
citation Direct Quote (Notes)
• Siegel: “being constantly involved with
Facebook promoted a single-minded focus on
oneself--one's looks, habits, and behaviors.”
• This means that the problem is directly
connected to the amount of time the user
spends on Facebook.
• Being submerged in pictures of others all of
the time encourages one to be self-conscious.
8. In-text Direct Quote (Written Draft)
citation
It’s hard to pinpoint what about Facebook
inspires users to hurt themselves, but a study
cited by Siegel states that “being constantly
involved with Facebook promoted a single-
minded focus on oneself--one's
looks, habits, and behaviors.”This means that
the problem is directly connected to the
amount of time the user spends on Facebook.
Being submerged in pictures of others all of
the time encourages one to be self-conscious.
9. How to Paraphrase
• USE YOUR OWN WORDS!
– None of this “I’ll only copy parts of it”-business.
• The parts you do copy will need quotation marks.
– Sticking in a few synonyms with a thesaurus is NOT
paraphrasing.
– Do not attempt to imitate the author’s style. Be yourself.
– Pretend you’re “teaching” this information to someone
else.
• Be sure to use “all main points and important details”
from the article you’re using (Lundsford 183).
• Explain the significance of your paraphrased material.
10. Paraphrasing (Notes)
• Original Text: “being constantly involved with In-text
Facebook promoted a single-minded focus on citation
oneself--one's looks, habits, and behaviors.”
• A study cited by Siegel states that users who are Notice that
continuously on Facebook are in danger of being this version
too self-conscious. They’re tempted to be of the
concerned about their appearance and actions. material, my
version, says
• Why does Facebook inspire users to hurt the same
themselves? thing that
• If users spent less time on Facebook, they might the quote
not be so concerned with how they stack up does, but
against others. using my
words.
11. Paraphrasing (Written Draft)
• Original Text: “being constantly involved with
Facebook promoted a single-minded focus on In-text
oneself--one's looks, habits, and behaviors.” citation
• It’s hard to pinpoint exactly what about Notice that
Facebook inspires users to hurt this version
themselves, but a study cited by Siegel states of the
that users who are continuously on Facebook material, my
are in danger of being too self-conscious. version, says
They’re tempted to be concerned about their the same
thing that
appearance and actions. If users spent less the quote
time on Facebook, they might not be so does, but
concerned with how they stack up against using my
others. words.
12. How to Summarize
• USE YOUR OWN WORDS!
• SHORTEN THINGS UP!
– Summaries are shorter than the original.
• Write down only the main points, what really
matters here (Lunsford 184).
• Explain the significance of your summary.
13. Summary (Notes)
• Original Text: “being constantly involved with
Facebook promoted a single-minded focus on
oneself--one's looks, habits, and behaviors.”
Notice that
this summary
• suggests that the problem is directly connected only
comments
to the fact that users are spending too much on the main
time on social networking sites (Siegel). points, not
the nitty-
• If users spent less time on Facebook, they gritty details.
might not be so concerned with how they stack It’s also a
up against others. little shorter
than my
summary.
In-text
citation
14. Summary (Written Draft)
• Original Text: “being constantly involved with
Facebook promoted a single-minded focus on
oneself--one's looks, habits, and behaviors.”
• It’s hard to pinpoint what about Facebook Notice that
inspires users to hurt themselves, but a study this summary
cited suggests that the problem is directly only
connected to the fact that users are spending comments
too much time on social networking sites on the main
(Siegel). If users spent less time on points, not
the nitty-
Facebook, they might not be so concerned with gritty details.
how they stack up against others. It’s also a
little shorter
In-text than my
citation summary.
15. Works Cited
• Lunsford, Andrea A. Everyday Writer. New
York: Bedford, 2009. 181-83. Print.
• Siegel, Judy. "Link Found Between Heavy Use
of Facebook and Eating Disorders..." Jerusalem
Post (International). 01 Feb 2011: 6. SIRS
Issues Researcher. Web. 18 Apr 2012.
