WordPress Performance & Scalability

WordPress Performance & Scalability Joseph Scott http://josephscott.org/

Find Me • http://josephscott.org/ • joseph@josephscott.org • http://twitter.com/josephscott/ • #wordpress-dev

Backup First

Performance Shelby Supercars Ultimate Aero Twin Turbo

Scalability

Web Apps Are Like Ogres Onions

Start At The Bottom Deal with network problems / bottlenecks ﬁrst Be familiar with Operating System network optimizations

Web Server Apache?

Web Server nginx LiteSpeed http://nginx.net/ http://litespeedtech.com/ lighttpd Zeus http://www.lighttpd.net/ http://www.zeus.com/

Apache • Can be a pig, remove any modules you aren’t using • Turn off host name lookups • Turn on compression (mod_deﬂate) • Turn off FollowSymLinks (and .htaccess if you can) • Skip Apache all together, serve static content from another server

PHP • Use an opcode cache (APC, lots of others) • Don’t use on static ﬁles (unless you really, really need to) • Consider output buffering • Be careful with preg_* functions

MySQL - Table Types MyISAM • High performance reads or writes, not both • Full text search InnoDB • Better for mixed reads/writes • Transactions, Foreign Keys

MySQL • Double (and triple) check indexes • Tune your conﬁguration • key_buffer_size, table_cache, sort_buffer_size, read_buffer_size • Replication (more on that later) • Interesting quirks, get familiar with them

Memcache In memory object cache, learn it, use it, love it With Caution

WordPress • MySQL tables default to using MyISAM, consider using InnoDB instead • Turn off unused plugins • Check that themes and plugins aren’t abusing MySQL or PHP • Server static content from another server (optimized for that task)

Construction Start from the bottom and work your way up

Test Setup • Ubuntu 9.04 server edition • Apache 2.2.11 • PHP 5.2.6 • MySQL 5.0.75 • WordPress -trunk

Test “Hardware” Parallels 4.0 2.66 Xeon 1 GB Ram

Abusing The Server siege - http://www.joedog.org/index/siege-home siege -d 1 -c 50 -r 10 http://192.168.1.100/

Below The Baseline Zero Byte HTML - zero.html (80 r/s) ~0.01 s/r Zero Byte PHP - zero.php (80 r/s) ~0.01 s/r

a phpinfo( )’s worth 51,213 / 8,689 bytes static HTML - phpinfo.html 100% (75 r/s) ~0.04 s/r PHP - phpinfo.php 92% (69 r/s) ~0.04 s/r

Hello World! 6,582 / 2,531 bytes WordPress: /wp/?p=1

Hello World! 6,582 / 2,531 bytes WordPress: /wp/?p=1 8% (6 r/s) ~7 s/r

Hello World! + APC WordPress: /wp/?p=1 29% (22 r/s) ~1.51 s/r

Use An Opcode Cache! %8 ~7 %29 ~1.51

WordPress + Memcache • Ryan Boren • Stores WordPress data in Memcache • Reduces the number of database queries • http://ryan.wordpress.com/2005/12/23/ memcached-backend/

Hello World! + APC + Memcache WordPress: /wp/?p=1 32% (24 r/s) ~1.4 s/r

Batcache!

WordPress + Batcache • Andy Skelton • Stores rendered HTML in Memcache • http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/batcache/

Hello World! + APC + Memcache + Batcache WordPress: /wp/?p=1 80% (60 r/s) ~0.4 s/r

Hello World! + APC + Memcache + Batcache

WordPress + WP Super Cache • Donncha O Caoimh • Stores rendered HTML on disk • http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-super- cache/

Let me 'splain. ... No, there is too much. Let me sum up. Requests Seconds per Description Potential per Second request (mean) Zero Bytes 80 ~0.01 - Static phpinfo() 75 ~0.04 100% phpinfo() 69 ~0.04 92% OOB WP 6 ~7.00 8% WP & APC 22 ~1.51 29% WP & APC/ 24 ~1.40 32% Memcache WP & APC/ 60 ~0.04 80% Memcache/Batcache

What Now?

All In One Web / Database

Moving Out Web Database

Paying In Cache Web Memcache Database

But Wait, There’s More!

MySQL Replication • Master / Slave - one way asynchronous • Send writes to the master, reads to the slave(s) • Replication works on both MyISAM and InnoDB tables • Supports multiple slaves and replication chaining

Enter HyperDB • Drop in replacement for the default WordPress database class • Supports distributed reads/writes • Partition data (helpful for large WPMU installs) • Failover support when a database goes down • http://codex.wordpress.org/HyperDB

Replicated Data DB Master Web Memcache DB Slave

A Balancing Act Load Balancer Web 1 Web 2 Web 3

Variations on a Theme • Master / Relay / Slave • Slave just for backups • Multiple data centers • Task speciﬁc web servers

When Everything Goes Wrong

Hire An Amazing SysAdmin

Thank You

Find Me • http://josephscott.org/ • joseph@josephscott.org • http://twitter.com/josephscott/ • #wordpress-dev

WordPress Performance & Scalability

by Joseph Scott

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