Anatomy of a PHP Request

Anatomy of a PHP Request Joseph Scott 15 April 2010 UPHPU

Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output

Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output Apache / mod_php

Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output FastCGI Nginx

Reading Open Read Close

Reading Open Read Close Avoid co$tly services like NFS

Parse hello.php <?php echo "Hello, World!n" Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ',' or ';' in /tmp/hello.php on line 3

Tokens <?php echo $tokens = token_get_all( ' "Hello, World!";' ); foreach ( $tokens as $token ) { if ( is_array( $token ) ) { echo token_name( $token[0] ) . " ( {$token[2]} ) - {$token[1]}n"; } else { echo "{$token}n"; } }

Tokens T_OPEN_TAG ( 1 ) - <?php T_ECHO ( 1 ) - echo T_WHITESPACE ( 1 ) - T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING ( 1 ) - "Hello, World!" ;

Compile Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found ﬁlename: /tmp/hello.php function name: (null) number of ops: 3 compiled vars: none line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 ECHO 'Hello%2C+World%21%0A' 3 1 RETURN 1 2* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

Execute Deceptively Simple Term •Includes all sorts of activity •Database / remote requests

Output •PHP can buffer output •Don’t forget about compression

Making Things Faster

Making Things Faster .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output

Making Things Faster .php Read Parse APC Compile Execute Output

Making Things Faster .php Read Parse APC Compile Execute Output opcode cache

The PHP Point of View opcodes VLD - Vulcan Logic Dumper

Example PHP $html = ﬁle_get_contents( 'http://www.google.com/' ); $regex_pattern = '!<a href="[^>]*">(.*?)</a>!'; preg_match_all( $regex_pattern, $html, $matches );

Example PHP - VLD Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found ﬁlename: /drive/home/joseph/vld/parse-links.php function name: (null) number of ops: 17 compiled vars: !0 = $html, !1 = $regex_pattern, !2 = $matches

Example PHP - VLD line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 0 EXT_STMT 1 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 2 SEND_VAL 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F' 3 DO_FCALL 1 'ﬁle_get_contents' 4 EXT_FCALL_END 5 ASSIGN !0, $0 5 6 EXT_STMT 7 ASSIGN !1, '%21%3Ca+href%3D%22%5B%5E%3E %5D%2A%22%3E%28.%2A%3F%29%3C%2Fa%3E%21' 6 8 EXT_STMT 9 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 10 SEND_VAR !1 11 SEND_VAR !0 12 SEND_REF !2 13 DO_FCALL 3 'preg_match_all' 14 EXT_FCALL_END 7 15 RETURN 1 16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php

PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php 1,786 lines of output!

1. PHP - strace socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 3 2. fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (ﬂags O_RDWR) 3. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 4. connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80), sin_addr=inet_addr("64.233.169.99")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress) 5. poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLOUT}]) 6. getsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, [0], [4]) = 0 7. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 8. send(3, "GET / HTTP/1.0rn", 16, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 16 9. send(3, "Host: www.google.comrn", 22, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 22 10.send(3, "rn", 2, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 2 11.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout) 12.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 13.recv(3, "HTTP/1.0 200 OKrnDate: Tue, 13 A"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4636 14.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 15.recv(3, "is) class=gb2>Blogs</a> <div cla"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4290 16.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 17.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 18.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 19.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 20.close(3) = 0

Measuring Tape for Programmers

Measuring Tape for Programmers Xdebug can provide LOTS of information http://xdebug.org/

Xdebug Proﬁler •Generates cachegrind output ➡KCachegrind ➡webgrind ➡MacCallGrind ➡WinCacheGrind ➡Valgrind

webgrind

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Anatomy of a PHP Request

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