2. *Vocabulary Exam #4: 15 minutes
*Discussion Lao Tzu/Machiavelli: Examples
and preparation
*Group Preparation for discussion of
Philosophy and A Game of Thrones.
*Class Discussion
*Essay #2 writing tips
*Group Preparation for Cicero
*Homework *AGENDA
5. * “He must, therefore, never * “Do you recall your history
raise his thought from this Bran”
exercise of war, and in * “And that‟s Torrhen Stark, the
peacetime he must train King Who Knelt. He was the
himself more than in time of last King in the North and the
war; this can be done in two first Lord of Winterfell, after
ways: one by action, the he yielded to Aegon the
Conqueror. Oh, there, he‟s
other by the mind,” says Cregan Stark. He fought with
Machiavelli. Prince Aemon once, and the
Dragonknight said he‟d never
faced a finer swordsman.
6. * TEAMS
Eddard Stark
Discuss your ideas about Robert Baratheon
applying Lao-Tzu and Cersei Lannister
Jaime Lannister
Machiavelli to A Game of Joffrey Baratheon
Tyrion Lannister
Thrones. The Night‟s Watch
Khal Drogo
You have about 10 minutes! Daenerys Targaryen
Viserys Targaryen
Make sure you have textual
support for your assertions!
8. “The man was an oathbreaker, a deserter from the Night‟s
Watch. No man is more dangerous. The deserter knows his
life is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not flinch from any
crime, no matter how vile. [. . .] If you would take a man‟s
life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final
words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the
man does not deserve to die” (Eddard Stark to his son, Bran)
*
(Lao-Tzu 25)
9. * Machiavelli says “that every * “His father took off the
prince must desire to be man‟s head with a single
considered merciful and not sure stroke. Blood sprayed
cruel; nevertheless, he must out across the snow, as red
take care not to misuse this
mercy” (43). as summerwine” (15).
Basically, Machiavelli states that * “„If you would take a man‟s
it‟s good to be merciful but too life, you owe it to him to
much mercy can also lead a look into his eyes and hear
ruler to their ruin. his final words. And if you
“Therefore, a prince must not cannot bear to do that, then
worry about the reproach of
cruelty when it is a matter of perhaps the man does not
keeping his subjects united and deserve to die‟” (16).
loyal” (43).
*
10. *“I have just three things to teach:
simplicity, patience, compassion. *“I will not be part of
These three are your greatest
murder, Robert. Do as
treasures.
Simple in actions and in thoughts,
you will, but do not
you return to the source of being. ask me to fix my seal
Patient with both friends and to it” (354). Eddard
enemies, Stark to Robert
you accord with the way things are. Baratheon about the
Compassionate toward yourself, plot to kill Daenerys
you reconcile all beings in the and her unborn child
world.”
14. “‟I swear to you, sitting a throne is a thousand times harder
than winning one.‟” (King Robert to Eddard Stark)
15. “And you ought to see the towns, Ned! Flowers
everywhere, the markets bursting with food, the
summerwines so cheap and so good that you can get
drunk just breathing the air. Everyone is fat and drunk
and rich.” He laughed and slapped his own ample
stomach a thump. “And the girls, Ned!” he
exclaimed, his eyes sparkling. “ I swear, women lose all
modesty in the heat [ . . .] they might as well be
naked.
Robert Baratheon had always been a man of huge
appetites, a man who knew how to take his pleasures.
[. . .] Yet Ned could not help but notice those pleasures
were taking a toll on the king. Robert was breathing
heavily by the time they reached the bottom of the
stairs. (King Robert and Eddard Stark at Winterfell)
17. * The war had raged for close to a year. Lords great and small had
flocked to Robert‟s banners; others had remained loyal to
Targaryen. The mighty Lannisters of Casterly Rock, the Wardens of
the West, had remained aloof from the struggle, ignoring calls to
arms from both rebels and royalists. Aerys Targaryen must have
thought that his gods had answered his prayers when Lord Tywin
Lannister appeared before the gates of King‟s Landing with an army
twelve thousand strong, professing loyalty. So the mad king had
ordered his last mad act. He had opened his city to the lions at the
gate. “Treachery was a coin the Targaryens knew well,” Robert
said. The anger was building in him again. “Lannister paid them
back in kind. It was no less than they deserved. I shall not trouble
my sleep over it.”
* Tywin Lannister is almost the
archetypal Machiavellian “prince.”
18. *In the section “How a Prince Should
Keep His Word,” Machiavelli says
“how praiseworthy it is for a prince
to keep his word and to live by
integrity and not by deceit everyone
knows.” (45) This directly relates to
the Lannister family‟s slogan, “a
Lannister always pays his debts.”
* Do the Lannisters Keep their Word?
20. “One sees from experience of our times that the
princes who have accomplished great deeds are those
who have cared little for keeping their promises and
who have known how to manipulate the minds of men
by shrewdness; and in the end they have surpassed
those who laid their foundations upon honesty”
(Machiavelli 47-48)
When Ned confronts Cersei about Jon
Arryns murder Cersei responds, “„When
you play the game of thrones, you win
or you die‟”(452).
21. *Machiavelli says to Cersei [lays] a soft
be, “careful never to let hand on her wrist
anything slip from his lips “Such a beautiful
which is not full of the five child. I do hope you
qualities mentioned above: know how much
he should appear, upon Joffrey and I love
seeing and hearing him, to you”(457). Cersei to
be all mercy, all Sansa
faithfulness, all
integrity, all kindness, all
religion”(49).
23. Machiavelli‟s excerpt “On Robert, I ask
Avoiding being Despised
and Hated” states, “that a you, what did we rise
prince must be little against Targaryen
concerned with for, if not to put an
conspiracies when the
people are well disposed end to the murder of
toward him; but when the children? (Ned Stark
populace is hostile and to Robert Baratheon)
regards him with
hatred, he must fear
everything and everyone” King Aerys had ben
(50). murdered by [. . .] the
handsome boy they now
called the Kingslayer.
25. A prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is
a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very
few examples of cruelty he will be more compassionate than
those who, out of excessive mercy, permit disorders to
continue, from which arise murders and plundering; for these
usually harm the community at large, while the executions that
come from the prince harm one individual in particular. And the
new prince, above all other princes, cannot escape the
reputation of being called cruel since new states are full of
dangers. (Machiavelli 43)
29. If a nation is centered in the Tao, and
it nourishes its own people and
doesn’t meddle in the affairs of
others, it will be a light to all nations
of the world” (Lao-Tzu 29).
In A Game of Thrones, Maester Aemon
says, “the Night’s Watch would take no part
in the battles of the realms it guarded”
(553).
31. * The Dothraki agree in that they
“follow only the strong” (Martin
Machiavelli writes that “a 519). In that spirit, Drogo was an
prince, therefore, must ideal Khal: “Khal Drogo was a head
not have any other object taller than the tallest man in the
nor any other thought, nor room, yet somehow light on his
must he take anything as feet, as graceful as the panther in
his profession but war, its Illyrio‟s menagerie” (27). Drogo
institutions, and its had the stature and physical
discipline; . . . A prince strength to prove himself, and he
who does not understand put it to use; Viserys comments on
military matters . . . his braid and the fact that it has
cannot be esteemed by his never been cut, meaning that
own soldiers, nor can he “Drogo had never lost a fight”
trust them” (38). (Martin 27).
35. “A prince either spends his own money and
that of his subjects or that of others; in
the first case he must be economical; in
the second he must not restrain any part
of his generosity. And for that prince who
goes out with his soldiers and lives by
looting, sacking, and ransoms, who
controls the property of others, such
generosity is necessary; otherwise he
would not be followed by his troops”
(Machiavelli 44).
37. *“I‟d let his whole
khalasar fuck you if *“a prince, therefore, must
need be, sweet not have any other object
sister, all forty thousand nor any other thought, nor
men, and their horses must he take anything as
too if that was what it his profession but war, its
institutions, and its
took to get my army. discipline [. . .] not only
(Viserys to Daenerys does it maintain those who
about wedding Khal were born to that
Drogo) position, but many times it
enables men of private
station to rise to that
position” (Machiavelli 40).
38. *All streams flow to the sea *“You will not fail me
Because it is lower than they tonight. If you do, it will go
are. hard for you. You don‟t
Humility gives it is power want to wake the
*If you want to govern the dragon, do you?” His finger
people, twisted her, the pinch
You must place yourself below cruelly hard through the
them rough fabric of her tunic.”
If you want to lead the people Once again, Viserys violates
You must learn to follow them Lao-tzu‟s ideas because he
is not putting himself below
*The Master is above the the people; instead, he its
people, putting himself above of
and no one feels oppressed, them and using violence.
and no one feels manipulated. (Viserys to his sister about
The whole world is grateful to her first meeting with Khal
her. Drogo).
39. *Machiavelli argues that *“My brother will never
“a prince who does not take back the Seven
understand military Kingdoms… He could
matters… cannot be not lead an army even
esteemed by his own if my lord husband
soldiers, nor can he gave him one” (Martin
trust them”(Machiavelli 233).
40).
40. * Do you agree with Machiavelli’s thesis that
stability and power are the only qualities
that matter in the evaluation of
governments? If not, what else matters?
* Can we have Lao-Tzu’s peace, even though
there is ambition, materialism, war, and
famine on earth? How is it possible?
*
42. * Write about literature in the present For But
tense. And Or
* Write in third person (avoid “I” and Nor Yet
“you”)
So
* Be specific: Avoid “thing” and words
with “thing” in them:
something, anything, everything. Coordinating Conjunctions
Remember, you need a comma and a coordinating conjunction to
connect two complete sentences:
Machiavelli holds that the skill of war making is what a prince must
*necessarily* make his career on, for war making is the primary means by
which he can advance his state.
Use a comma after an introductory clause:
As the Lord of Winterfell, he carries out the execution of the deserter
himself rather than assigning the dreadful task to one of his subordinates.
43. Form new teams for this unit. Remember, 50% of
your team must be new to you!
DISCUSS THE DIVISION OF LABOR FOR CICERO
Questions for Critical Reading (page 129)
Then we will come back together to go over the
homework before we leave!
44. Read A World of Ideas: Marcus Tullius Cicero
"The Defense of Injustice" (119-129)
Post #23 Questions for Critical Reading:
(page 129)
Post #24 QHQ Cicero
Essay #2 is due by noon on Saturday:
palmorekim@fhda.edu
*HOMEWORK