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    EWRT 2
*Vocabulary Exam #4: 15 minutes
*Discussion Lao Tzu/Machiavelli: Examples
 and preparation
*Group Preparation for discussion of
 Philosophy and A Game of Thrones.
*Class Discussion
*Essay #2 writing tips
*Group Preparation for Cicero
*Homework                    *AGENDA
*You play or you die




*
*
    A strategy of textual evidence
* “He must, therefore, never    * “Do you recall your history
 raise his thought from this      Bran”
 exercise of war, and in        * “And that‟s Torrhen Stark, the
 peacetime he must train          King Who Knelt. He was the
 himself more than in time of     last King in the North and the
 war; this can be done in two     first Lord of Winterfell, after
 ways: one by action, the         he yielded to Aegon the
                                  Conqueror. Oh, there, he‟s
 other by the mind,” says         Cregan Stark. He fought with
 Machiavelli.                     Prince Aemon once, and the
                                  Dragonknight said he‟d never
                                  faced a finer swordsman.
* TEAMS
                               Eddard Stark
Discuss your ideas about       Robert Baratheon
applying Lao-Tzu and           Cersei Lannister
                               Jaime Lannister
Machiavelli to A Game of       Joffrey Baratheon
                               Tyrion Lannister
Thrones.                       The Night‟s Watch
                               Khal Drogo
You have about 10 minutes!     Daenerys Targaryen
                               Viserys Targaryen

Make sure you have textual
support for your assertions!
*Eddard
  Stark
“The man was an oathbreaker, a deserter from the Night‟s
Watch. No man is more dangerous. The deserter knows his
life is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not flinch from any
crime, no matter how vile. [. . .] If you would take a man‟s
life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final
words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the
man does not deserve to die” (Eddard Stark to his son, Bran)




                                                *
                             (Lao-Tzu 25)
* Machiavelli says “that every        * “His father took off the
 prince must desire to be              man‟s head with a single
 considered merciful and not           sure stroke. Blood sprayed
 cruel; nevertheless, he must          out across the snow, as red
 take care not to misuse this
 mercy” (43).                          as summerwine” (15).
 Basically, Machiavelli states that   * “„If you would take a man‟s
 it‟s good to be merciful but too      life, you owe it to him to
 much mercy can also lead a            look into his eyes and hear
 ruler to their ruin.                  his final words. And if you
 “Therefore, a prince must not         cannot bear to do that, then
 worry about the reproach of
 cruelty when it is a matter of        perhaps the man does not
 keeping his subjects united and       deserve to die‟” (16).
 loyal” (43).

*
*“I have just three things to teach:
 simplicity, patience, compassion.     *“I will not be part of
 These three are your greatest
                                        murder, Robert. Do as
 treasures.
 Simple in actions and in thoughts,
                                        you will, but do not
 you return to the source of being.     ask me to fix my seal
 Patient with both friends and          to it” (354). Eddard
 enemies,                               Stark to Robert
 you accord with the way things are.    Baratheon about the
 Compassionate toward yourself,         plot to kill Daenerys
 you reconcile all beings in the        and her unborn child
 world.”
*Robert
Baratheon
Class 12
Class 12
“‟I swear to you, sitting a throne is a thousand times harder
than winning one.‟” (King Robert to Eddard Stark)
“And you ought to see the towns, Ned! Flowers
everywhere, the markets bursting with food, the
summerwines so cheap and so good that you can get
drunk just breathing the air. Everyone is fat and drunk
and rich.” He laughed and slapped his own ample
stomach a thump. “And the girls, Ned!” he
exclaimed, his eyes sparkling. “ I swear, women lose all
modesty in the heat [ . . .] they might as well be
naked.
    Robert Baratheon had always been a man of huge
appetites, a man who knew how to take his pleasures.
[. . .] Yet Ned could not help but notice those pleasures
were taking a toll on the king. Robert was breathing
heavily by the time they reached the bottom of the
stairs. (King Robert and Eddard Stark at Winterfell)
Class 12
* The war had raged for close to a year. Lords great and small had
 flocked to Robert‟s banners; others had remained loyal to
 Targaryen. The mighty Lannisters of Casterly Rock, the Wardens of
 the West, had remained aloof from the struggle, ignoring calls to
 arms from both rebels and royalists. Aerys Targaryen must have
 thought that his gods had answered his prayers when Lord Tywin
 Lannister appeared before the gates of King‟s Landing with an army
 twelve thousand strong, professing loyalty. So the mad king had
 ordered his last mad act. He had opened his city to the lions at the
 gate. “Treachery was a coin the Targaryens knew well,” Robert
 said. The anger was building in him again. “Lannister paid them
 back in kind. It was no less than they deserved. I shall not trouble
 my sleep over it.”

                 * Tywin Lannister is almost the
         archetypal Machiavellian “prince.”
*In the section “How a Prince Should
  Keep His Word,” Machiavelli says
  “how praiseworthy it is for a prince
  to keep his word and to live by
  integrity and not by deceit everyone
  knows.” (45) This directly relates to
  the Lannister family‟s slogan, “a
  Lannister always pays his debts.”

* Do the Lannisters Keep their Word?
*Cersei
Lannister
“One sees from experience of our times that the
princes who have accomplished great deeds are those
who have cared little for keeping their promises and
who have known how to manipulate the minds of men
by shrewdness; and in the end they have surpassed
those who laid their foundations upon honesty”
(Machiavelli 47-48)


            When Ned confronts Cersei about Jon
            Arryns murder Cersei responds, “„When
            you play the game of thrones, you win
            or you die‟”(452).
*Machiavelli says to           Cersei [lays] a soft
 be, “careful never to let     hand on her wrist
 anything slip from his lips   “Such a beautiful
 which is not full of the five child. I do hope you
 qualities mentioned above: know how much
 he should appear, upon        Joffrey and I love
 seeing and hearing him, to you”(457). Cersei to
 be all mercy, all             Sansa
 faithfulness, all
 integrity, all kindness, all
 religion”(49).
*Jaime
Lannister
Machiavelli‟s excerpt “On     Robert, I ask
Avoiding being Despised
and Hated” states, “that a     you, what did we rise
prince must be little          against Targaryen
concerned with                 for, if not to put an
conspiracies when the
people are well disposed       end to the murder of
toward him; but when the       children? (Ned Stark
populace is hostile and        to Robert Baratheon)
regards him with
hatred, he must fear
everything and everyone”     King Aerys had ben
(50).                        murdered by [. . .] the
                             handsome boy they now
                             called the Kingslayer.
*Joffrey
Baratheon
A prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is
a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very
few examples of cruelty he will be more compassionate than
those who, out of excessive mercy, permit disorders to
continue, from which arise murders and plundering; for these
usually harm the community at large, while the executions that
come from the prince harm one individual in particular. And the
new prince, above all other princes, cannot escape the
reputation of being called cruel since new states are full of
dangers. (Machiavelli 43)
*Tyrion
Lannister
Lao-Tzu and
Tyrion Lannister
*The Night’s Watch
If a nation is centered in the Tao, and
it nourishes its own people and
doesn’t meddle in the affairs of
others, it will be a light to all nations
of the world” (Lao-Tzu 29).




              In A Game of Thrones, Maester Aemon
        says, “the Night’s Watch would take no part
             in the battles of the realms it guarded”
                                                (553).
*Khal
Drogo
*                         The Dothraki agree in that they
                            “follow only the strong” (Martin
Machiavelli writes that “a 519). In that spirit, Drogo was an
prince, therefore, must     ideal Khal: “Khal Drogo was a head
not have any other object taller than the tallest man in the
nor any other thought, nor room, yet somehow light on his
must he take anything as    feet, as graceful as the panther in
his profession but war, its Illyrio‟s menagerie” (27). Drogo
institutions, and its       had the stature and physical
discipline; . . . A prince  strength to prove himself, and he
who does not understand put it to use; Viserys comments on
military matters . . .      his braid and the fact that it has
cannot be esteemed by his never been cut, meaning that
own soldiers, nor can he    “Drogo had never lost a fight”
trust them” (38).           (Martin 27).
*
Class 12
Class 12
“A prince either spends his own money and
that of his subjects or that of others; in
the first case he must be economical; in
the second he must not restrain any part
of his generosity. And for that prince who
goes out with his soldiers and lives by
looting, sacking, and ransoms, who
controls the property of others, such
generosity is necessary; otherwise he
would not be followed by his troops”
(Machiavelli 44).
*Viserys
Targaryen
*“I‟d let his whole
 khalasar fuck you if         *“a prince, therefore, must
 need be, sweet                not have any other object
 sister, all forty thousand    nor any other thought, nor
 men, and their horses         must he take anything as
 too if that was what it       his profession but war, its
                               institutions, and its
 took to get my army.          discipline [. . .] not only
 (Viserys to Daenerys          does it maintain those who
 about wedding Khal            were born to that
 Drogo)                        position, but many times it
                               enables men of private
                               station to rise to that
                               position” (Machiavelli 40).
*All streams flow to the sea      *“You will not fail me
 Because it is lower than they     tonight. If you do, it will go
 are.                              hard for you. You don‟t
 Humility gives it is power        want to wake the
*If you want to govern the         dragon, do you?” His finger
 people,                           twisted her, the pinch
 You must place yourself below     cruelly hard through the
 them                              rough fabric of her tunic.”
 If you want to lead the people    Once again, Viserys violates
 You must learn to follow them     Lao-tzu‟s ideas because he
                                   is not putting himself below
*The Master is above the           the people; instead, he its
 people,                           putting himself above of
 and no one feels oppressed,       them and using violence.
 and no one feels manipulated.     (Viserys to his sister about
 The whole world is grateful to    her first meeting with Khal
 her.                              Drogo).
*Machiavelli argues that   *“My brother will never
 “a prince who does not     take back the Seven
 understand military        Kingdoms… He could
 matters… cannot be         not lead an army even
 esteemed by his own        if my lord husband
 soldiers, nor can he       gave him one” (Martin
 trust them”(Machiavelli    233).
 40).
* Do you agree with Machiavelli’s thesis that
 stability and power are the only qualities
 that matter in the evaluation of
 governments? If not, what else matters?


* Can we have Lao-Tzu’s peace, even though
 there is ambition, materialism, war, and
 famine on earth? How is it possible?



                         *
*
* Write about literature in the present         For      But
  tense.                                        And      Or
* Write in third person (avoid “I” and          Nor      Yet
  “you”)
                                                          So
* Be specific: Avoid “thing” and words
  with “thing” in them:
  something, anything, everything.            Coordinating Conjunctions

Remember, you need a comma and a coordinating conjunction to
connect two complete sentences:

   Machiavelli holds that the skill of war making is what a prince must
   *necessarily* make his career on, for war making is the primary means by
   which he can advance his state.

Use a comma after an introductory clause:

   As the Lord of Winterfell, he carries out the execution of the deserter
   himself rather than assigning the dreadful task to one of his subordinates.
Form new teams for this unit. Remember, 50% of
your team must be new to you!
DISCUSS THE DIVISION OF LABOR FOR CICERO
            Questions for Critical Reading (page 129)
      Then we will come back together to go over the
                         homework before we leave!
 Read A World of Ideas: Marcus Tullius Cicero
  "The Defense of Injustice" (119-129)
 Post #23 Questions for Critical Reading:
  (page 129)
 Post #24 QHQ Cicero
 Essay #2 is due by noon on Saturday:
  palmorekim@fhda.edu



                       *HOMEWORK

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Class 12

  • 1. * EWRT 2
  • 2. *Vocabulary Exam #4: 15 minutes *Discussion Lao Tzu/Machiavelli: Examples and preparation *Group Preparation for discussion of Philosophy and A Game of Thrones. *Class Discussion *Essay #2 writing tips *Group Preparation for Cicero *Homework *AGENDA
  • 3. *You play or you die *
  • 4. * A strategy of textual evidence
  • 5. * “He must, therefore, never * “Do you recall your history raise his thought from this Bran” exercise of war, and in * “And that‟s Torrhen Stark, the peacetime he must train King Who Knelt. He was the himself more than in time of last King in the North and the war; this can be done in two first Lord of Winterfell, after ways: one by action, the he yielded to Aegon the Conqueror. Oh, there, he‟s other by the mind,” says Cregan Stark. He fought with Machiavelli. Prince Aemon once, and the Dragonknight said he‟d never faced a finer swordsman.
  • 6. * TEAMS Eddard Stark Discuss your ideas about Robert Baratheon applying Lao-Tzu and Cersei Lannister Jaime Lannister Machiavelli to A Game of Joffrey Baratheon Tyrion Lannister Thrones. The Night‟s Watch Khal Drogo You have about 10 minutes! Daenerys Targaryen Viserys Targaryen Make sure you have textual support for your assertions!
  • 8. “The man was an oathbreaker, a deserter from the Night‟s Watch. No man is more dangerous. The deserter knows his life is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not flinch from any crime, no matter how vile. [. . .] If you would take a man‟s life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the man does not deserve to die” (Eddard Stark to his son, Bran) * (Lao-Tzu 25)
  • 9. * Machiavelli says “that every * “His father took off the prince must desire to be man‟s head with a single considered merciful and not sure stroke. Blood sprayed cruel; nevertheless, he must out across the snow, as red take care not to misuse this mercy” (43). as summerwine” (15). Basically, Machiavelli states that * “„If you would take a man‟s it‟s good to be merciful but too life, you owe it to him to much mercy can also lead a look into his eyes and hear ruler to their ruin. his final words. And if you “Therefore, a prince must not cannot bear to do that, then worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter of perhaps the man does not keeping his subjects united and deserve to die‟” (16). loyal” (43). *
  • 10. *“I have just three things to teach: simplicity, patience, compassion. *“I will not be part of These three are your greatest murder, Robert. Do as treasures. Simple in actions and in thoughts, you will, but do not you return to the source of being. ask me to fix my seal Patient with both friends and to it” (354). Eddard enemies, Stark to Robert you accord with the way things are. Baratheon about the Compassionate toward yourself, plot to kill Daenerys you reconcile all beings in the and her unborn child world.”
  • 14. “‟I swear to you, sitting a throne is a thousand times harder than winning one.‟” (King Robert to Eddard Stark)
  • 15. “And you ought to see the towns, Ned! Flowers everywhere, the markets bursting with food, the summerwines so cheap and so good that you can get drunk just breathing the air. Everyone is fat and drunk and rich.” He laughed and slapped his own ample stomach a thump. “And the girls, Ned!” he exclaimed, his eyes sparkling. “ I swear, women lose all modesty in the heat [ . . .] they might as well be naked. Robert Baratheon had always been a man of huge appetites, a man who knew how to take his pleasures. [. . .] Yet Ned could not help but notice those pleasures were taking a toll on the king. Robert was breathing heavily by the time they reached the bottom of the stairs. (King Robert and Eddard Stark at Winterfell)
  • 17. * The war had raged for close to a year. Lords great and small had flocked to Robert‟s banners; others had remained loyal to Targaryen. The mighty Lannisters of Casterly Rock, the Wardens of the West, had remained aloof from the struggle, ignoring calls to arms from both rebels and royalists. Aerys Targaryen must have thought that his gods had answered his prayers when Lord Tywin Lannister appeared before the gates of King‟s Landing with an army twelve thousand strong, professing loyalty. So the mad king had ordered his last mad act. He had opened his city to the lions at the gate. “Treachery was a coin the Targaryens knew well,” Robert said. The anger was building in him again. “Lannister paid them back in kind. It was no less than they deserved. I shall not trouble my sleep over it.” * Tywin Lannister is almost the archetypal Machiavellian “prince.”
  • 18. *In the section “How a Prince Should Keep His Word,” Machiavelli says “how praiseworthy it is for a prince to keep his word and to live by integrity and not by deceit everyone knows.” (45) This directly relates to the Lannister family‟s slogan, “a Lannister always pays his debts.” * Do the Lannisters Keep their Word?
  • 20. “One sees from experience of our times that the princes who have accomplished great deeds are those who have cared little for keeping their promises and who have known how to manipulate the minds of men by shrewdness; and in the end they have surpassed those who laid their foundations upon honesty” (Machiavelli 47-48) When Ned confronts Cersei about Jon Arryns murder Cersei responds, “„When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die‟”(452).
  • 21. *Machiavelli says to Cersei [lays] a soft be, “careful never to let hand on her wrist anything slip from his lips “Such a beautiful which is not full of the five child. I do hope you qualities mentioned above: know how much he should appear, upon Joffrey and I love seeing and hearing him, to you”(457). Cersei to be all mercy, all Sansa faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion”(49).
  • 23. Machiavelli‟s excerpt “On Robert, I ask Avoiding being Despised and Hated” states, “that a you, what did we rise prince must be little against Targaryen concerned with for, if not to put an conspiracies when the people are well disposed end to the murder of toward him; but when the children? (Ned Stark populace is hostile and to Robert Baratheon) regards him with hatred, he must fear everything and everyone” King Aerys had ben (50). murdered by [. . .] the handsome boy they now called the Kingslayer.
  • 25. A prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very few examples of cruelty he will be more compassionate than those who, out of excessive mercy, permit disorders to continue, from which arise murders and plundering; for these usually harm the community at large, while the executions that come from the prince harm one individual in particular. And the new prince, above all other princes, cannot escape the reputation of being called cruel since new states are full of dangers. (Machiavelli 43)
  • 29. If a nation is centered in the Tao, and it nourishes its own people and doesn’t meddle in the affairs of others, it will be a light to all nations of the world” (Lao-Tzu 29). In A Game of Thrones, Maester Aemon says, “the Night’s Watch would take no part in the battles of the realms it guarded” (553).
  • 31. * The Dothraki agree in that they “follow only the strong” (Martin Machiavelli writes that “a 519). In that spirit, Drogo was an prince, therefore, must ideal Khal: “Khal Drogo was a head not have any other object taller than the tallest man in the nor any other thought, nor room, yet somehow light on his must he take anything as feet, as graceful as the panther in his profession but war, its Illyrio‟s menagerie” (27). Drogo institutions, and its had the stature and physical discipline; . . . A prince strength to prove himself, and he who does not understand put it to use; Viserys comments on military matters . . . his braid and the fact that it has cannot be esteemed by his never been cut, meaning that own soldiers, nor can he “Drogo had never lost a fight” trust them” (38). (Martin 27).
  • 32. *
  • 35. “A prince either spends his own money and that of his subjects or that of others; in the first case he must be economical; in the second he must not restrain any part of his generosity. And for that prince who goes out with his soldiers and lives by looting, sacking, and ransoms, who controls the property of others, such generosity is necessary; otherwise he would not be followed by his troops” (Machiavelli 44).
  • 37. *“I‟d let his whole khalasar fuck you if *“a prince, therefore, must need be, sweet not have any other object sister, all forty thousand nor any other thought, nor men, and their horses must he take anything as too if that was what it his profession but war, its institutions, and its took to get my army. discipline [. . .] not only (Viserys to Daenerys does it maintain those who about wedding Khal were born to that Drogo) position, but many times it enables men of private station to rise to that position” (Machiavelli 40).
  • 38. *All streams flow to the sea *“You will not fail me Because it is lower than they tonight. If you do, it will go are. hard for you. You don‟t Humility gives it is power want to wake the *If you want to govern the dragon, do you?” His finger people, twisted her, the pinch You must place yourself below cruelly hard through the them rough fabric of her tunic.” If you want to lead the people Once again, Viserys violates You must learn to follow them Lao-tzu‟s ideas because he is not putting himself below *The Master is above the the people; instead, he its people, putting himself above of and no one feels oppressed, them and using violence. and no one feels manipulated. (Viserys to his sister about The whole world is grateful to her first meeting with Khal her. Drogo).
  • 39. *Machiavelli argues that *“My brother will never “a prince who does not take back the Seven understand military Kingdoms… He could matters… cannot be not lead an army even esteemed by his own if my lord husband soldiers, nor can he gave him one” (Martin trust them”(Machiavelli 233). 40).
  • 40. * Do you agree with Machiavelli’s thesis that stability and power are the only qualities that matter in the evaluation of governments? If not, what else matters? * Can we have Lao-Tzu’s peace, even though there is ambition, materialism, war, and famine on earth? How is it possible? *
  • 41. *
  • 42. * Write about literature in the present For But tense. And Or * Write in third person (avoid “I” and Nor Yet “you”) So * Be specific: Avoid “thing” and words with “thing” in them: something, anything, everything. Coordinating Conjunctions Remember, you need a comma and a coordinating conjunction to connect two complete sentences: Machiavelli holds that the skill of war making is what a prince must *necessarily* make his career on, for war making is the primary means by which he can advance his state. Use a comma after an introductory clause: As the Lord of Winterfell, he carries out the execution of the deserter himself rather than assigning the dreadful task to one of his subordinates.
  • 43. Form new teams for this unit. Remember, 50% of your team must be new to you! DISCUSS THE DIVISION OF LABOR FOR CICERO Questions for Critical Reading (page 129) Then we will come back together to go over the homework before we leave!
  • 44.  Read A World of Ideas: Marcus Tullius Cicero "The Defense of Injustice" (119-129)  Post #23 Questions for Critical Reading: (page 129)  Post #24 QHQ Cicero  Essay #2 is due by noon on Saturday: palmorekim@fhda.edu *HOMEWORK