SKOS - 2007 Open Forum on Metadata Registries - NYC

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    SKOS - 2007 Open Forum on Metadata Registries - NYC - Presentation Transcript

    1. “ Integrating Standards in Practice” 10th Open Forum on Metadata Registries July 9-11, 2007 New York City, NY USA An international conference to share and advance knowledge and experience about standards; the technologies that build upon them, and implementation experiences.  SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization System Jon Phipps Alistair Miles
    2. What is it?
      • S imple K nowledge O rganisation S ystem(s)
      • SKOS is …
      • for declaring and publishing taxonomies , thesauri or classification schemes , for use in a distributed, decentralised information system (I.e. a semantic web).
      • for describing Concepts and creating relationships between Concepts and Terms
      • A practical application of RDF
      • the application of library science to the semantic web.
        • SKOS provides a formal language for representing controlled, structured vocabularies
    3. SKOS Since Open Forum 2005 …
      • Quick Guide to Publishing a Thesaurus on the Semantic Web
        • First Working Draft May 2005 http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-thesaurus-pubguide/
      • SKOS Core Guide & SKOS Core Vocabulary Specification
        • Second Working Draft published November 2005 http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-guide/ http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-spec/
      • SKOS Core is now just plain old SKOS
      • W3C Semantic Web Deployment Working Group Kicks Off
        • W3C Recommendation Track http://www.w3.org/2006/07/SWD/
      • SKOS Use Cases and Requirements
        • First Working Draft Published (2007-05-16) http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-ucr/
      • New SKOS Web Site
        • http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/
    4. Features
      • Identifying concepts
        • URIs for unambiguous global identity and reference
      • Labelling concepts
        • e.g. lexical labels, symbolic labels, preferred, alternative, hidden …
      • Describing & documenting concepts
        • e.g. definition, example, scope note, change note, editorial note …
      • Relating concepts
        • e.g. broader, narrower, related …
      • Grouping concepts
        • e.g. concept schemes, support for ‘node labels’ …
      • Subject Indexing
        • e.g. subject of a document, primary subject …
      • Multilingual
      • Extensible
    5. Concept
      • Defined as: An abstract idea or notion; a unit of thought.
      • I.e. A unit of meaning.
      • The fundamental unit of a concept scheme.
    6. Concepts
    7. Concept Scheme
      • Defined as: A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts.
      • A …
        • thesaurus
        • classification scheme
        • taxonomy
        • terminology
        • subject heading system
        • [other type of controlled vocabulary]
      • … is a concept scheme.
    8. Lexical Labelling
      • SKOS lexical labelling properties
        • A set of properties for associating concepts with lexical representations (i.e. terms)
          • prefLabel
          • altLabel
          • hiddenLabel
    9. Lexical Labelling
    10. Symbolic Labelling
      • SKOS symbolic labelling properties
        • A set of properties for associating concepts with symbolic representations (i.e. symbolic ‘names’)
          • prefSymbol
          • altSymbol
    11. Symbolic Labelling
    12. Semantic Relations
      • SKOS semantic relation properties
        • A basic set of properties for asserting relationships of meaning between concepts.
          • broader
          • narrower
          • related
    13. Semantic Relations
    14. Semantic Relations
    15. Documentation Properties
      • SKOS documentation properties
        • A set of properties for associating concepts with human-readable documentation.
          • changeNote
          • definition
          • editorialNote
          • example
          • historyNote
          • privateNote
          • publicNote
          • scopeNote
    16. Documentation Properties
    17. Documentation Properties
    18. Subject Indexing
      • SKOS subject indexing properties
        • Set of property extensions to the dc:subject property for asserting relationships between information resources and concepts.
          • isPrimarySubjectOf
          • primarySubject
          • isSubjectOf
          • subject
          • subjectIndicator
    19. Subject Indexing
    20. Grouping
      • SKOS Grouping Properties
        • A set of classes and properties for organizing Concepts
        • Classes:
          • Collection
          • orderedCollection
        • Concept Properties:
          • member
          • memberList
    21. Thesaurus Example
      • Term: Economic cooperation
      • Used For: Economic co-operation
      • Broader terms: Economic policy
      • Narrower terms: Economic integration, European economic cooperation, European industrial cooperation, Industrial cooperation
      • Related terms: Interdependence
      • Scope Note: Includes cooperative measures in banking, trade, industry etc., between and among countries.
      From UK Archival Thesaurus …
    22. Thesaurus Example
    23. Thesaurus Example <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#&quot; xmlns:rdfs=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#&quot; xmlns:skos=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#&quot;> <skos:Concept rdf:about=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/1750&quot;> <skos:prefLabel>Economic cooperation</skos:prefLabel> <skos:altLabel>Economic co-operation</skos:altLabel> <skos:scopeNote>Includes cooperative measures in banking, trade, industry etc., between and among countries.</skos:scopeNote> <skos:broader rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/4382&quot;/> <skos:narrower rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/2108&quot;/> <skos:narrower rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/9505&quot;/> <skos:narrower rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/15053&quot;/> <skos:narrower rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/18987&quot;/> <skos:related rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus/concept/3250&quot;/> <skos:inScheme rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.ukat.org.uk/thesaurus&quot;/> </skos:Concept> </rdf:RDF> RDF/XML serialisation …
    24. Flexible
      • ‘ Pic’n’mix SKOS with other vocabs, e.g. Dublin Core, RSS, FOAF …
    25. Extensible
      • Extended labelling properties
        • e.g. common name, scientific name
      • Extended concept types
        • e.g. AAT’s fundamental facets
      • Extended documentation properties
        • e.g. MARC21, DDC
      • Extended semantic relation properties
        • e.g. broader instantive, broader generic, broader partitive
      • Can cope with specialised requirements without compromising interoperability
    26. NSDL Metadata Registry
      • The NSDL Registry is intended to provide a complete vocabulary development and management environment for development of vocabularies . Services are primarily directed at vocabulary owners and include provisions for:
      • managing access and editing rights for groups of vocabulary maintainers maintaining individual vocabularies
      • import and management of existing vocabularies , with and without existing URIs
      • namespace management and maintenance services providing permanent URIs
      • registered users to receive notifications of changes to vocabularies to which they have subscribed
      • content negotiation for retrieval of registered vocabularies in various formats, currently RDF/XML (rdf), XHTML (html), and XML Schema (xsd)
      • content negotiation and resolution services for registered vocabularies in non-registry namespaces (in alpha)
    27. NSDL Metadata Registry
      • controlled concept editing and maintenance using SKOS properties
      • controlled insertion of reciprocal relationships between concepts
      • controlled mapping of relationships between concepts in different vocabularies .
      • Concept property-level change history management
      • vocabulary- and concept-level version management (in alpha)
      • multilingual vocabulary maintenance
      • SKOS validation by user input constraint and validation of imported vocabularies
      • search and browse for concepts by label
      • Description of entire vocabulary as a collection of concepts
      • Links to Concepts, History, Versions
      • Default status and Language
      • URI for the vocabulary itself (includes token)
      • Links to Users
      • Links to XML schema and RDF encoding
      NSDL Metadata Registry: Example Concept Scheme registration
    28. NSDL Metadata Registry: Example Concept registration
      • Required Preferred Label
      • Multi-language support
      • Permanent URI for the Concept
      • Support for status
      • Links to other Concept properties
      • Link to RDF fragment
    29. NSDL Metadata Registry: Example Concept Property editing
      • Guided selection of Concept properties
    30. NSDL Metadata Registry: Example Concept Property editing
      • Guided selection of Concept properties
      • Guided selection of related concept when using a “relationship” property
    31. NSDL Metadata Registry: Example Concept Property editing
      • Guided selection of Concept properties
      • Guided selection of related concept when using a “relationship” property
      • Support for property-level status
      • Links to other Concept properties
    32. NSDL Metadata Registry: User Management
      • Users and rights can be associated with specific Vocabularies
      • Vocabulary admins can assign Users and editorial rights
      • Any user who creates a new Vocabulary is automatically the admin for it
    33. NSDL Metadata Registry: HTTP Publishing
      • Implements http content negotiation (W3C ‘Cookbook’) based on W3C TAG httpRange-14 for document retrieval
        • See the Recipes http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-vocab-pub/ and http://norman.walsh.name/2005/06/19/httpRange-14
      • We use ‘slash’ (/) URIs instead of ‘hash’ (#)
        • Hash URIs must return the entire document when any fragment (identified by #) is requested
        • We think this is impractical for information resources
    34. NSDL Metadata Registry: HTTP Publishing
      • Also implements ‘extension’-based document retrieval…
        • A request for a document of the type ‘application/rdf+xml’ located at… http:// metadataregistry.org/uri/NSDLEdLvl
        • redirects to… http://metadataregistry.org/uri/NSDLEdLvl.rdf
        • Which returns…
    35. NSDL Metadata Registry: Versioning
      • Time-slice versioning
        • Saves the state of the Scheme whenever a Concept property is added or changed
      • RESTful interface
        • Scheme or Concept state can be retrieved by appending an encoded UTC Timestamp to URI…
        • e.g. scheme current trunk http://metadataregistry.org/NSDLEdLvl
        • e.g. scheme as of “2007-01-26T01:15:38.000Z” http://metadataregistry.org/NSDLEdLvl/2007-01-26T01%3A15%3A38.000Z
      • Only Concept properties that have ‘Published’ state
      • Provides a permanent URI for Scheme/Concept at any given point in time -- helps minimize ‘version churn’
    36. NSDL Metadata Registry: Versioning
      • Named versions
        • Identifies an ‘official’ version by naming a time-slice
        • Vocabulary admin may apply a version name to any time-slice in the past
      • RESTful interface
        • Scheme or Concept state can be retrieved by appending a version to URI…
        • e.g. scheme as of “2007-01-26T01:15:38.000Z” http://metadataregistry.org/NSDLEdLvl/2007-01-26T01%3A15%3A38.000Z permanently named “Release Version 1.2” http://metadataregistry.org/NSDLEdLvl/release_version_1.2
      • Currently no support for editable branches
    37. SWDWG
      • Semantic Web Deployment Working Group
        • http://w3.org/2006/07/SWD/
      • Began: 10 October 2006
      • Lifetime: 20 months
      • Chairs:
        • Guus Schreiber
        • Thomas Baker
    38. SWDWG: SKOS
      • Deliverables and Schedule
        • http://www.w3.org/2006/07/SWD/wiki/Deliverables
        • SKOS Use Cases and Requirements
        • SKOS Test Cases
        • SKOS Semantics (Normative Specification)
        • SKOS Primer
        • SKOS Vocabulary Overview
      • March 2008: SKOS Proposed Recommendation
    39. SWDWG: SKOS
      • Use Cases & Requirements Analysis
        • Public Working Draft (May 2007) http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-ucr/
        • Do you have a use case or requirements/issues for SKOS?
        • We’d still like to know… mailto://public-swd-wg@w3.org/
    40. SWDWG: SKOS Current Use Cases
      • Dutch and French national libraries -- an integrated view to medieval illuminated manuscripts
      • Bio-zen ontology framework for representing scientific discourse in life science
      • The FAO AIMS project – a semantic search service across mapped multilingual thesauri in the agriculture domain
      • BAE Systems -- The Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) application
      • CHOICE@CATCH ranking of candidate terms for description of radio and TV programs
      • BIRNLex: a lexicon for neurosciences
      • Radlex: a lexicon for radiology
      • NSDL Metadata Registry
    41. SWDWG: SKOS Selected Open Issues
      • Typed relationships between labels
        • SKOS allows the expression of semantic relationships (broader, related) between concepts.
        • It also allows relationships between concepts and labels (prefLabel, altLabel).
      • Issue:
        • There is nothing in SKOS to capture links between labels themselves.
    42. SWDWG: SKOS Selected Open Issues
      • Basic Label Semantics Issues
        • Can a resource have two “preferred labels”?
        • Can a label be both &quot;preferred&quot; and “alternative? for the same resource?
        • If a label is “hidden”, can it also be “preferred” or “alternative” for the same resource?
    43. SWDWG: SKOS Selected Open Issues
      • Grouping in Concept Hierarchies
        • Thesaurus standards describe the use of “node labels” for convenient grouping and display.
      • Issue:
        • The current grouping support in SKOS (called “Collections”) introduces logical inconsistencies into the SKOS spec.
        • this is bad
      • And more than a few others… http://www.w3.org/2006/07/SWD/track/issues
    44. SWDWG: SKOS
      • So we’ve definitely got issues!
        • http://www.w3.org/2006/07/SWD/track/issues
      • A final word from Alistair Miles…
      • “ Bring out the unsolved stuff, don't hide any of the difficulties.”
      • “ N.B. interoperability with ISO11179 is a requirement and a big issue for SKOS, so let everybody know we're going to need help there.”
      • “ Take home message: lots of interesting challenges and issues, really want to hear from registry community!”
    45. Links
      • SKOS Homepage
        • http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/
      • SKOS Guide
        • http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-guide
      • SKOS Vocabulary Specification
        • http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-skos-core-spec
      • SWD-WG Home Page
        • http://www.w3.org/2006/07/SWD/
      • SWD-WG Mailing list
        • mailto:public-swd-wg@w3.org
        • http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-swd-wg/
      • NSDL Metadata Registry
        • http://metadataregistry.org
        • Please play in our sandbox!
        • http://sandbox.metadataregistry.org
      • The Registry blog (gotta have one)
        • http://metadataregistry.org/blog
      • Jon Phipps
        • mailto:jphipps@madcreek.com
        • Thanks for listening 

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