Rotterdam history
Rotterdam in 1667
Rotterdam after the 1940 bombardment

Rotterdam as design opportunity
Hofplein in the 1990s.
Erasmus bridge, icon of Rotterdam

Rotterdam Centraal Antecedents
•Foster, OMA, Busquets, Alsop and SOM WERE INVITED TO PRESENT THEIR IDEAS IN 2000
•Alsop´s “champagne glasses” were selected because of modus operandi involving many actors
•The masterplan was rejected because of being too expensive
•On 19 march 2003 a new basic program for the masterplan was presented ns, V&W, stadregio
•Rafael vinoli, oma and a combination of west8, benthem crouwel and meyer&van schotten
compited
•The combination of west8, benthem crouwel and meyer&van schotten was finally selected

Fact
New central station coming to ROTTERDAM between 2005-2010
high speed train: 2007
randstad rail: 2008
Problem definition:
The bicycle parking solution is still an uncertainty and its possibilities have to be researched
The need of parking spaces is going to increase from actual 3400 to 10000 in 2025
7000 spaces should be inmediately
3000 reserved for future development

Index
1. Analysis actual Central Station
2. Analysis bicycle parkings in the Netherlands
3. Analysis bicycle parkings outside the Netherlands
4. Analysis technical developments
5. Location
6. Design
7. Detailing
8. conclusions

Analysis actual central station

Passing ciclyst
Parking cyclist
pedestrian
Bicycle flow
Free Bicycle parking
guarded Bicycle parking

West flank
access
PedestrIan
Major bike way to the noord
Bus station back
Parking also used by this people
Always free space for bikes
Tourist information
Bycicle rent and tours
9 a.m. 5 p.m. 9 p.m.

East flank
Pedestrian access
Access to guarded parking
not visible
More full parking (taxi stop giving safety)
Not access to the north part
Green public space not used

North part
One common bike parking
Pretty full
Short distance from mouth of CS
Visual order, easy to find place

Guarded bike parking
Sale of bicycles
Rent of bicycle
Reparation
Accessories
Costs:
DAY 1,10 e
WEEK 3.5 e
MONTH 9.8 e
Not really appealing interior
YEAR 84 e

Parking duration problem
Police taking old and bad parked bicycles
Leiden Eindhoven
Den Haag Utrecht

Conclusions
•Not enough space near the mouth of the station to park.
• People doesn't have a global understanding of the parking, creating confusion where
the free space is.
•There are spaces with bad feeling: dark and lack of people
• Lack of covering in all the free parking facilities.
• There is a mix of flows with pedestrians especially while arriving to the stations
•The guarded bicycle parking is really hidden and the interior of it is not appealing
The services offered for the bicycle are not integrated
•The problem of long term parking is not controlled and only bicycles in deplorable
conditions are taken away from the racks.

Parking solutions
in the netherlands

Amsterdam CS
Temporary bicycle storage
Length of 110 meters
width of 17.5 meters
capacity of 2,500 bicycles.
24 hours guarded

Leiden CS
Considered as successful parking in many articles
Light from openings and glass use
Multifunctional: Taxi stop on top
Safety : - public space on top
- always taxis
- light

Storage in two layers
30 to 40 cm longed, comfort
Possibility of mechanical help
Not guarded: possibility of
cameras Locked back wheel

Bike parking on the east side and tunnel not used
Theft feeling
Separate bike parkings cause bad sensation: not used

Den Haag CS
Bycicle parking in front of the central
station
Parked on the street level

Den Haag CS
Guarded bycicle parking on the street
Protected with a fence
One person looking to it
Only working days
Not guarded parking next to it

Utrecht CS
Not guarded bike parking in front
of station
All along the street
Covered
Free space

Utrecht CS
Guarded bicycle parking on the street
Free space (market day)

Future Groningen CS
2006
LIGHT HOLES
STAIRCAISES
Actual situation

Conclusions: strategy of storage
Ground level
- takes space, mix with pedestrian
- visually not clean
Underground + free space on ground floor
+ possibility to make multifunctional
- less visibility of the parking
- big invest in construction
- not flexible, big invest for change
Building
+ visibility of the parking
+ not so much investment
+ flexibility for future change
- taking space on ground and top floor

Parking solutions
outside the netherlands

Radstation Germany
Guarded bicycle parking network Services:
Guarding
Information
Repairing
Rental
Bicycle mail man
Bicycle registering
Bicycle cleaning
Recycling

Munster
(2500 bikes) underground
Store underneath the square immediately outside the station
Not bycicles in the street
The triangular glass is the striking manifestation of the store above ground

Freiburg
Two levels
First level 1000 parking places
space for tandem, ligfiets and trailer bikes
Second level “mobility center”:
-mobility concerning organizations VCD and ADFC information and help for mobility choice
- bike rental
-car sharing
-restaurant
Different strategy parking:
- normal: 0.75 e day 7.5 e month 75 year
- near exit: month 10 e year 100 e
- private parking: month 12.5 E year 125 e

Velostation switzerland
Bicycle parking network
Bypad tool for bicycle policy

Strategy:
-Paid near the station
- boxes in the middle
- Gratis 200meters away

USA

USA
24-HOUR ACCESS TO SECURE BICYCLE-
ATTENDED BICYCLE-PARKING
PARKING
Free during regular business hours.
Use your membership card to access Bikestation's
indoor state-of-the-art facility.
BIKE-SHARING
BICYCLE REPAIRS Check out conventional and electric bikes and
Performed by experienced mechanics.
electric scooters for short trips (available
Summer of 2003).
$3 per hour or $15 per day for regular and electric
RETAIL SALES
bike rentals.
Featuring the latest bicycle and commute related gear and
accessories. $5 per hour or $25 per day for electric scooter
rentals.
BICYCLE RENTALS
Offered by the hour for short commute trips or leisure rides. RETAIL SALES
10% discount on parts and accessories.
E-STATION
Internet access for member sign-up and transit/commute
information.
CAR-SHARING ACCESS WITH FLEXCAR
BIKE LIBRARY
Offering a wide selection of books and information on bicycles Bikestation members receive $10 off Flexcar
and commuting. memberships.
METRO BIKE BUDDY PROGRAM
HOME FREE GUARANTEE
Novice cyclists can partner with experienced bicycle
Free emergency ride home service.
commuters.
METRO'S LOST AND FOUND BIKE PROGRAM
Bicycles accidentally left on Metro buses can be picked up.
SPECIALS
Become a member of the Bicycle Alliance for only
$20.

Services
Services in Holland don't have an integral solution
Examples in other countries much more integrated:
- Same service all the country
- Other mobility concepts (electric, sharing cars etc.)
- More services, all in the same place:
- Recycling bicycles
- Registering bicycle
- Information
- WC, shower
- Information

Technical developments

Conclusions racks
+Aesthetic value
+ maintain visual order and efficiency of space
-Interfere with other bicycles
- wheel of bicycle could be damaged
+comfort for use because of space
+maintain visual order
- Efficiency of space
+comfort for use because of space
+maintain visual order
- Efficiency of space
+ efficiency of space
+ flexibility of putting one or two levels
+ easy to lock
- Mechanical aspect

Automatic parkings Only one entrance exit for every bicycle
Total security
Possibility for guarding accessories
Space taken on ground
Less work on ground
Minimum space on ground
Big hole needed
Visibility of bicycles
Space taken on top
Not ground work

Conclusions
racks
• In the case of Rotterdam the efficiency of the space used is the most important issue
• The DOUBLE LEVEL PAKING WILL BE THE MOST SUITABLE
• The effort for the second level of the parking could be reduced with the use of new
accesories
• Changes could be arranged for the case of rotterdam: colours, positioning, lighting…

Use

New central station
location

List of requirements
Unguarded:
3500 bikes
Guarded:
1100 bikes

New situation: front
Possibility 2
Possibility 3
cs
Possibility 1
First and second: creation of the parking in one side of the station under the railways
• long distance for ciclysts for one or other side of station
•Less visibility
•Low natural light, dark space
• cross of flows with pedestrians
•development of this area is not expected in the first part of the project
thirth possibility: underground the station
•Impossibility for natural light
•Creation of mix of flows with pedestrians
•Difficulties for creation of entrance
•Visibility?

New situation: front
Possibility 4
CS
Possibility 5
fourth possibility: creation of the parking in both sides of the station under the railways
• two different parkings necessary to avoid distance of people coming from the east
• impossibility to create a fully integrated bicycle parking
• cost of the parking: difficulties to dick under the railways
• less visibility
• development of this area is not expected in the first part of the project
fifth possibility: creation of the parking on the front of the station underground
•Possibility to have an integrated solution
•Easy to find for everyone, visible
•Taking into account flows on top
•advantage of using the space witch first is going to develop in the project

Flow and entrances
National
Groothandelsgebouw
Nederlanden
Different spots for different transport means
Avoiding crossing of flows as much as possible
Entrance: Crossing of two bike paths, next to the most important coming to the station

design

Quality parking

Concept 1
Section a-a
a
a

Concept 2: making a clear middle avenue
Section a-a
a
a

Concept 3: entering from the exit…
Section a-a

Raising the floor…
…Creating AN ICON

Red
Use of colors Fire and blood
Energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well
as passion, desire, and love.
Orientation
Orange
Orange represents enthusiasm, fascination, happiness,
Safety creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement,
and stimulation.
Heterogeneity feeling Not as aggressive as red and has very high visibility
Yellow
White Yellow is the color of sunshine. It's associated with joy,
White is associated with light, happiness, intellect, and energy.
goodness, innocence, purity, and Yellow is an unstable and spontaneous colour.
virginity. It is considered to be the
color of perfection. Green
White means safety, purity, and Green is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony,
cleanliness. As opposed to black, freshness, and fertility. Green has strong emotional
white usually has a positive correspondence with safety.
connotation. Green suggests stability and endurance.
Blue
Black It is often associated with depth and stability.
Black is associated with power, It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence,
elegance, formality, death, evil, and faith, truth, and heaven.
mystery. Produces a calming effect.
Black is a mysterious color associated
with fear and the unknown (black Purple
holes). It symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and ambition. It conveys
wealth and extravagance. Purple is associated with wisdom,
dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic.

Direction arrows
Numbers and letters
for identification
Direction arrows

Connotation

Connotation

a
b
a
b
Section a-a
Section b-b
detailing

Posibility to use mechanical stairs to reduce slope
length
Example: Tilburg bike parking

Raising of floor helps people directing the flow to the city

Design development- detailing

Relax part
Natural materials
(wood, grass…)
Creating an icon
for the entrance
Easy to recognise
Fast part
Technical material
(metal, concrete, glass…)

100 % use

multifunctional furniture:
sport & rest

daylight
night
Creating energy
with man-power
Creating interaction

actual parkings outside
parkings netherlands Technical
Central netherlands conclusion
location detailing
design
developments
Station

Day

Night

Flows
Interaction with the public space
Allowing a fluid flow…

Exit
…flow direction city center

Pattern research
City center
actual parkings outside
parkings netherlands Technical
Central netherlands conclusion
location detailing
design
developments
Station

Creating multifunctional
elements

balcony
path supported
information point
with structure
services
exit
use of colors

Guarded/unguarded
possibilities
Low price guarded
Low price guarded
Small fee to every one
Guarded by municipality
Free guarded
Not high security
flexible
Guarded by municipality
guarded
Free guarded
Paid guarded (high security)

Guarded bicycle parking: one entrance
Easy control
one exit

Light
Safety
Urban life is about moving around, be it walking, cycling, motoring Light
provides that essential safety.
Security
Good lighting deters crime and vandalism, offering the freedom from fear that
will add life to your city.
Orientation
Light offers visual guidance, enabling us to identify the features of our urban
environment, and thus to find our way.

The sun: orientation
18h
7h
n 12h
w e
s
Orientation of the openings to the south

Natural light
•More light needed in the entrance (as the car tunnels)
•Gradual lose of light while going in
•The shape of the parking provides more natural light in the entrance and the
slope creates a gradual lose of natural light
Natural light

glass
floor
fluorescent
daylight night Artificial
Natural light
light
Prismatic glazing

Pattern research
•Pattern with direction will
direct flow on top
•Not all the people going same
direction, especially commuting
people
•Could be confusing in the
parking
•More difficult to produce

L.E.D. for orientation Fluorescent for ilumination

Harbor as an icon

Conclusions, evaluation and
future steps

Conclusions
High quality parking:
• Use
• Orientation
• Safety
Indirect increase of safety:
quality
use
safety

Rotterdam has the opportunity…