SCUNTHORPE AND THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE INDUSTRIAL REGION BASED ON SHEFFIELD AND THE DON VALLEY COKING COAL FROM THE YORKSHIRE COALFIELD WASTHE BASIS FOR INDUSTRIALISATION IN THIS REGION STEELMAKING, ENGINEERING LOW GRADE IRON ORE, FRODINGHAM IRONSTONE FRON SCUNTHORPE OPEN CAST MINES MORE RECENTLY IMPORTED HIGH GRADE IRON ORE FROM USA AND AFRICA TO IMMINGHAM DEEP WATER TERMINAL ECONOMIES OF SCALE, LARGE INTEGRATED WORKS AND ENGINEERING CUMULATIVE CAUSATION MULTIPLIER EFFECT AGGLOMERATION LINKAGES INDUSTRIAL INERTIA FIXED CAPITAL SOCIAL CAPITAL SKILLED LABOUR GOVERNMENT ACTION GRANTS AND INCENTIVES OF DEVEOPMENT AREA POLICY AND ENTERPRISE ZONES

DECLINE OF INDUSTRIAL REGIONS DECLINE OF SMOKESTACK INDUSTRIES DECLINE OF MANUFACTURING IN UK DE-INDUSTRIALISATION DECONCENTRATION / DECENTRALISATION LOSS OF COALFIELD AND INNER CITY INDUSTRY DISINCENTIVES / DISECONOMIES OF AGGLOMERATION, LOCAL FACTORS OLD FORMS OF TRANSPORT, RAIL AND WATERWAYS DERELICTION AND LACK OF INVESTMENT CRAMPED, OUTDATED, USING OLD POWER SOURCES CONGESTION, POLLUTION UNSKILLED, UNDER-EDUCATED WORKFORCE HIGH LAND VALUES AGG / CC / ME IN REVERSE AS INDUSTRIES LEAVE OR CLOSE FACTORS RELATING TO THE WIDER WORLD New International Division of Labour NIDL SECTORAL SHIFT / TERTIARISATION NIC’s TNC’S LOW COST PRODUCERS FALLING DEMAND FOR COAL, STEEL AND ENGINEERING PRODUCTS

AGGLOMERATION CUMULATIVE CAUSATION MULTIPLER EFFECT ARE THE SAME THING NEVER MENTION ONE WITHOUT THE OTHERS

M ULTIPLIES POPULATION AND JOBS U PWARD SPIRAL L INKS T RANSPORT I NFRASTRUCTURE P RODUCTION INCREASES L ABOUR, SKILLED AND EDUCATED I NERTIA E MPLOYMENT R EQUIREMENT FOR PARTS AND TOOLS

C APITAL INPUT A AGGLOMERATION U PWARD TRENDS S KILLED LABOUR A FFLUENT MARKET T TRANSPORT I NFRASTRUCTURE O THER INDSUTRIES N EW GROWTH POLE

FOOTLOOSE INDUSTRY EDGE OF CITY SUNRISE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ESTATES / SCIENCE PARKS M4 CORRIDOR TRANSPORT ORIENTATED, MOTORWAY LOCATION FOR HIGH VALUE , LOW BULK MATERIALS AND GOODS INDUSTRIAL ESTATES, LIGHT, HIGH TECH INDUSTRY, BUSINESS PARKS, SCIENCE PARKS, RETAIL PARKS AND TERTIARISATION NEW ADVANTAGES OF AGGLOMERATION, CC, ME AND LINKAGES LINKS TO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DEPARTMENTS GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS LINKS TO AIRPORTS, EG HEATHROW NEAR M4 CORRIDOR SKILLED EDUCATED WORKFORCE CLOSE TO LARGE AFFLUENT LONDON AND SE MARKET CLOSE TO THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN CORE