Separation of mixtures

Separation of Mixtures

Identify the different ways of separating mixtures.
Determine how the different ways are used to separate mixtures.
Identify the ways in which magnetic attraction, filtration, evaporation, distillation and paper chromatography can be used in daily life.

Mixtures are matter that are made up of two or more compounds and/or elements.
They can be easily separated.
Suspensions and solutions are mixtures.

Separation of Mixtures Techniques Magnetic Attraction Filtration Paper Chromatography Distillation Evaporation

Magnetic Attraction
Separating mixtures containing magnetic material like iron, cobalt and nickel.

Evaporation
Separating mixture of dissolved solids from a liquid .
Heat is applied to quicken evaporation but NOT to cause decomposition .

Filtration
Separating mixture of un-dissolved solids from a liquid .

Some Filtration Systems

Distillation
Separating liquid-liquid mixtures of different boiling points.
Temperature tells the type of vapour that is entering the condenser.

Laboratory Distillation Setup Stone chips are added into the liquid to allow even and uniform boiling Cold and hot water enters from the bottom and top of the condenser respectively. Water will gain heat as vapour condenses. Warmer water is less effective in condensing vapour Thermometer at the entrance of the condenser indicates the boiling point of the type of vapour entering it

Less Dense Component Denser Component

Paper Chromatography
Identify the type of substances in a mixture.
Each substance have different solubility in a common solvent.

(1) Mixtures added at the base line (2) Paper dipped into solvent for mixtures (3) Component will run along paper as it dissolves in solvent Components of Essential Oils are separated

What are the components in mixture X?
X Contains Red and Yellow Components Red X Yellow Blue

How do you separate a mixture of salt, sand and iron?
Salt Salt Salt Iron Iron Iron Sand Sand Sand
Magnetic attraction to get iron filings
Add water to dissolve salt
Filter to get sand residue
Evaporate filtrate to get salt
N S

Conclusion
5 simple methods of separating mixtures.
Different methods for components of mixtures with different properties.
Separating mixtures produces better understanding of mixture.
Man can produce useful mixtures/components from raw components/mixtures.

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Separation of mixtures

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