9. The model approach Lab Pilot Model -Fluidizationvelocities -Mass transfer coefficients -Pressure drops -MIXING -Bubbling/spargers -Entrainment -Foaming -Controllability/stability -Nozzles locations -Diffusion -Tray locations -Separationefficiencies -Product samples Conservation equations Constitutives equations Set boundary conditions Set operating conditions -Reactionkinetics -Heat of reactions -Equilibriumcurves -Mass transfercoeff. -Solubilityisotherms -Activity coefficients -Heat of solutions -Diffusivity coefficients -Operating temp/press -Rheology 𝑃𝐷𝐸/𝑂𝐷𝐸
10. Heattransfer in pyrolisiskiln No mixing Heat conduction 𝑑𝑇𝑑𝑡−𝑘𝐶𝑝𝜌𝛻2𝑇=0 𝑇∞ Boundary conditions 𝑆1 𝑘𝛻𝑇=𝑅 on 𝑆1 𝑘𝛻𝑇=0 on 𝑆2 𝑆2 𝑅=𝜎𝑆1(𝑇∞4−𝑇𝑆14) 𝛿 𝑇∞ 𝑇0 𝑇 𝛿
11. Lowtemperature canola protein extraction –extracting value fromlow value streams Oil: 1$/kg Meal: 0,20$/kg Meal: 0,20$/kg Oil: 1$/kg Isolates: 8 $/kg
12. Model application in process design– Phosporusremoval The Biodome Existingprocess Fish farms Packedbedreactor Phosphorus + water Water
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14. Adsorption rate (−𝑟𝑃)2) Reaction of phosphoruswith lime to formhydroxylapatite 6𝑃𝑂43−+10𝐶𝑎2++2𝑂𝐻−−𝑟𝑃𝐶𝑎10𝑃𝑂46∗6(𝑂𝐻)2 Development of the model for 1-dimensional transientisothermalpackedbedreactor (no volume change) 𝑑𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑡=𝐹𝑉(𝐶𝑝,0−𝐶𝑝)+𝑟𝑝 Resolution 𝑟𝑝=−𝑘𝐶𝑝𝛼𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑂𝛽 𝑘=𝑘0exp−𝐴𝑅𝑇
15. Conclusion – Process design challenges Variability of the feedstock Need to extract value fromwastestreams Cost and variability of energy sources Environmentalregulations Water, air Rapid time to market Requiresqualifiedchemicalengineers AND a systematicprocess design approach
16. Scale-Up Challenges in Chemical Engineering: The Role of ChemicalEngineers in the 21st Century
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18. Model application in process design: New processfeasibility - bioreactors Wheyproteinconcentrate Candy waste Ethanol Enzymes Yeasts Wheyproteins
20. The scale change impacts In Gulliver's travel the hero arrives in a world with very tiny people. Can a scaled down human being can survive? Then he arrives in a world with giants. Can a scaled up human being survive ?
21. The scale change impacts Ants can support 10 times their own weight Water strider can walk on water but not a man
22. The scale change relations Scalerelationships – withgeometricalsimilarities Several implications in fluidmechanics, heattransfer and mass transfer.