Mapping, GIS and geolocating data in Java

Mapping, GIS and geolocating data in Java
Using Open Source software
Joachim Van der Auwera Geosparc 348

AGENDA
GIS basics
Data and data formats
Database options
Java libraries
Java servers and frameworks

GIS basics
Maps, layers, tiles and features
Geometries
Spatial operations and queries
Projections and Coordinate Reference Systems
Location?

Layers
Handling complexity
Data is split
Overlays
Transparency

Tiles
Handling size
Data is split
Stitched together at joins
Fixed size
WMTS
Eases cacheability

Features
Represents a real-world phenomenon
Has geometry, linking to location on earth
Has attributes, e.g. “maximum depth” for a lake

Geometry
Point, multi-
Linestring, multi-
Linear ring, multi-
Polygon, multi-
Usually only one type per layer

Geometry limitations
Constraints on allowed linestring and polygons

Spatial queries
Distance, buffers, joins, intersections
CQL, ECQL

Coordinate Reference Systems
Coordinate notation
Spherical or ellipsoid approximation
Which ellipsoid
Origin: (Meridian, Greenwich)?
Unit: degrees, meters,...
Influence of time
WGS84 : global, used by GPS
(lat,lon) or (lon,lat)
Many local variants

Projections
The world is not flat
But a screen/paper is
Approximate using a sphere
Approximate using an ellipsoid
Some options
Cylindrical
Start from a point (azimuthal)
Conical

Projections, always a compromise
Conformal
Equal-area
Equidistant
e.g
Mercator
Winkel Tripel
Lambert cyl
Equirectangular
Sinusoidal
Molleweide

Waterman to the rescue?

Coordinate Reference Systems
EPSG database
http://www.epsg-registry.org/
EPSG:4326 is WGS84
EPSG:3857 is Mercator
Google Mercator (originally 900913, then 3785, now gone?)
Duplicates
EPSG:4326 (lat-lon or lon-lat)
urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.11.2:4326
WG:84

CRS, SRS, SRID
Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
often expressed as Well Known Text (WKT)
SRS, Spatial Reference Code
EPSG:54019
SRID, Spatial Reference ID
54019
Depends on authority!
Usually EPSG

Projecting raster images?
Aereal images need corrections
Image affected by
Height of camera
Projection + location (e.g. Mercator!)
Angle of photo + height of surface

Precision
Precision allows aligning coordinates on a grid
Can skew results on spatial operations

CRS transformations
Transformations can be inaccurate as lines turn into curves

Location
Where am I?
In browser, HTML5, based on IP, GPS, GSM signal
Where is …?
Mostly through geocoder web-services
Geonames (http://www.geonames.org/)
Nominatim (http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/)
Google API, Mappy, Yahoo! PlaceFinder

Data and data formats
OGC Standards: WMS, WFS, WMST
Raster formats: GeoTiff, JPEG2000, ...
Vector formats: GeoJSON, KML, shape, ...
Free data: OpenStreetMap, Natural Earth, local data

Open Geospatial Consortium
Home to most of the GIS related standards
http://www.opengeospatial.org/
WMS, Web Map Service
WFS, Web Feature Service
WMTS, Web Map Tile Service
WKT, Well Known Text
GML, Geographic Markup Language
KML, Keyhole Markup Language (Google)
SLD, Styled Layer Description
WPS, Web Processing Service
WCS, Web Coverage Service
...

Other raster formats
GeoTIFF
JPEG2000
MrSID
Erdas Imagine
SDTS
ECW
DTED
NITF
NASA ELAS
GRASS rasters
ESRI grid
NetCDF
...

Other vector formats
Shape file (ESRI), very common
GeoJSON
TIGER
DXF (AutoCad)
SDF (Autodesk, MapGuide)

Open / free data
OpenStreetMap, community built map
http://www.openstreetmap.org/
Natural Earth
http://www.naturalearthdata.com/
Local data

Database options
Why a spatial database?
Spatial operations
OGC “Simple Features for SQL” support
… WHERE ST_Intersection(roads.geom, city.geom)
Spatial indexes
Relational
PostGis
GeoDB / H2
NoSQL
Neo4j

PostGIS
Spatial PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL 8.3 or higher
(non-Java)
High Performance
Data Integrity
Complete support
All spatial operations
Coordinate transformations
n-dimensional
project PostGis version 1.5.2 site http://postgis.refractions.net/ license GPL (JDBC driver is BSD)

GeoDB
Spatial H2
In-memory DB
ideal for junit testing
Does not support all methods, but can easily be extended
project GeoDB version 0.4 site https://github.com/jdeolive/geodb/wiki license BSD-like

Neo4j
NoSQL, graph database
geographic features stored as graphs
Great OpenStreetMap support (import etc)
Not all spatial operations (e.g. buffer)
project Neo4j spatial version 0.5 site wiki.neo4j.org/content/Neo4j_Spatial license AGPL

Java Libraries
JTS
GeoTools
Hibernate Spatial
GeoToolkit
Proj4j
GeoLatte
OpenLayers ?
Google, Bing!, Yahoo! Maps ?

JTS
JTS Topology Suite
Geometric model
Geometric operations
Spatial structures and algorithms
I/O capabilities
WKT, WKB, GML
project JTS version 1.11 site http://tsusiatsoftware.net/jts/main.html license LGPL

GeoTools
GIS tools covering a wide
range of topics
project GeoTools version 2.7.1 site http://www.geotools.org/ license LGPL

Many modules
Referencing (CRS, transformations,...)
Filtering (CQL, ECQL)
Rendering
Coverage (raster images in many formats)
Data access (DB, WFS, raster, shape,...)
Extensions
Schema
Graph
WMS client
Validation
project GeoTools

Hibernate Spatial
Spatial extension for
Hibernate
Register your data provider
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernatespatial.postgis.PostgisDialect
Special type for storing a Geometry
@Column(name = "geom")
@Type(type = "org.hibernatespatial.GeometryUserType")
private Geometry geometry;
Spatial queries, also using Criteria
DB support: PostGis, Oracle10i, MySQL, MSSQL, GeoDB (H2)
project Hibernate Spatial version 1.1 site http://www.hibernatespatial.org/ license LGPL

GeoToolkit
GIS tools covering a wide
range of topics
Module based
Referencing
Coverage
Display (swing)
Analytics
Originally a fork of (part of) GeoTools but with cleanup and refactoring, and Java6 only
project GeoToolkit version 3.18 site http://www.geotoolkit.org/ license LGPL

Proj4J
Java version of Proj4
CRS handling
transformations
project Proj4J version 0.1 (-snapshot) site http://trac.osgeo.org/proj4j/ license MIT?

GeoLatte
Reusable GIS
components
Modules
Base: transformations, filtering, GeoJSON
Featureserver: access data through Hibernate spatial
Graph
Mapserver
Maprenderer
project GeoLatte version ? site http://www.geolatte.org/ license LGPL

Notable non-Java projects
OpenLayers
JavaScript
Powerful
Popular
Not open source
Google maps / Bing / Yahoo! maps
Free/open?
Data +/-

Java servers and frameworks
GeoServer
Deegree
uDig
gvSig
Puzzle-GIS
GeoKettle
OpenJUMP
GeoNetwork
SEXTANTE
Geomajas

GeoServer
Share and edit geospatial
data
Render data to WMS
WFS interface to your data
Integrated OpenLayers as default viewing engine
Built on GeoTools
Integrate with ArcGIS, Google Maps/Earth; Yahoo! Maps, MS Virtual Earth
project GeoServer version 2.1.0 site http://geoserver.org/ license GPL

project GeoServer

deegree
supplies building blocks Spatial Data Infrastructure
Implements OGC and ISO/TC 211 standards
Building blocks
Web services (WMS, WFS, WPS, WCS, Gazetteer,...)
iGeoPortal
iGeoSecurity
iGeo3D
iGeoDesktop
project deegree version 3.0.4 Celcius site http://www.deegree.org/ license LGPL

project deegree

uDig
Desktop GIS
Based on Eclipse RCP, JTS, GeoTools
View, edit and print GIS data
Can be extended/customized using plug-ins
Jgrass, Eurobios, DEWS
project uDig version 1.2.1 site http://udig.refractions.net/ license LGPL

project uDIG

gvSig
Desktop GIS
Same view local and remote
(through OGC standards)
Extensible
GvSig Mobile
Remote sensing
3D support
project gvSig version 1.11 site http://www.gvsig.org/ license GPL

project gvSIG

Puzzle-GIS
Desktop GIS
Based on NetBeans platform
and GeoToolkit
Multi-screen, multi-project at same time
Clear separation source/map/view
project Puzzle-GIS version .07 site http://puzzle-gis.codehaus.org/ license LGPL

project Puzzle-GIS

GeoKettle
Spatial extension of Kettle
(Pentaho Data Integration)
ETL tool, build spatial
data warehouse
Builds on GeoMondrian, spatial extension of Mondrian
Extract also from spatial data sources
Transform also spatial operations (project, geocode,...)
project GeoKettle version 3.2.0 site www.spatialytics.org/projects/geokettle/ license LGPL

project GeoKettle

OpenJUMP
Desktop GIS
Save, edit-analyze GIS data
Flexible plug-ins
project OpenJUMP version 1.4.0.3 site http://www.openjump.org/ license GPL

project OpenJUMP

GeoNetwork
Catalog application to manage spatial resources
Metadata editing
Search functions
Embeds GeoServer (optional)
project GeoNetwork version 2.6.4 site http://geonetwork-opensource.org/ license GPL

project GeoNetwork

SEXTANTE
Spatial data analysis library
+300 geo-algorithms for
raster and vector data processing
Graphical components to run and use those algorithms
Including graphical modeler
Integrates with many GIS tools
gvSig, OpenJUMP, uDIG
Split of from gvSig
project SEXTANTE version 0.6 site http://sextante.forge.osor.eu/ license MIT

project SEXTANTE

Geomajas
Integrate, transform and
secure GIS data
(web) application framework
Built on GeoTools, JTS, Spring, GWT, Hibernate Spatial
Faces for front-end/clients
GWT, SmartGWT, GeoJSON
Generic layers for data access
WMS, WFS, GeoTools data source, Hibernate Spatial
Plug-ins for extension
Caching and rasterization, printing/PDF, security services, geocoder
project Geomajas version 1.8.0 site http://www.geomajas.org/ license AGPL

project Geomajas

Thin client
Server for heavy-lifting
Allows security
Data transformation
Integration with back-end
processes
project Geomajas

project Geomajas

Joachim Van der Auwera http://geosparc.com/
Geosparc [email_address] @joachimvda

Mapping, GIS and geolocating data in Java

by Joachim Van der Auwera on Jun 23, 2011

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Mapping, GIS and geolocating data in Java — Presentation Transcript