The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Skepticism and Science How does the beginning of skepticism lead to scientific discovery? Question the accepted wisdom of the time Except we can never really know anything so what is the point

How does the beginning of skepticism lead to scientific discovery?

Question the accepted wisdom of the time

Except we can never really know anything so what is the point

Medieval View of the World Geocentric During the Middle Ages the scholars of the day were sure the Earth was unmoving at the center of the Universe Music of the Spheres Perfect crystal spheres surround the Earth

Geocentric

During the Middle Ages the scholars of the day were sure the Earth was unmoving at the center of the Universe

Music of the Spheres

Perfect crystal spheres surround the Earth

Changing Ways of Thought Challenging the wisdom of the Church Heliocentric World View Nicolas Copernicus claims the sun is the center of the universe Bases on 25 years of observation Could not completely explain planetary movement

Challenging the wisdom of the Church

Heliocentric World View

Nicolas Copernicus claims the sun is the center of the universe

Bases on 25 years of observation

Could not completely explain planetary movement

Changing Ways of Thought Johannes Kepler Finishes the work of his boss Tycho Brahe Devises equations to explain planetary motion and their orbits by assuming elliptical orbits Galileo Persecuted by the church and required to recant his findings 1992 Catholic Church officially retracted its condemnation of Galileo

Johannes Kepler

Finishes the work of his boss Tycho Brahe

Devises equations to explain planetary motion and their orbits by assuming elliptical orbits

Galileo

Persecuted by the church and required to recant his findings

1992 Catholic Church officially retracted its condemnation of Galileo

Scientific Method Francis Bacon Experiment rather than think Steps Hypothesis Procedure Experiment Analysis Conclusion

Francis Bacon

Experiment rather than think

Steps

Hypothesis

Procedure

Experiment

Analysis

Conclusion

Renee Descarte Analytical geometry “I think therefore I am” Philosophy and Science Combined

Analytical geometry

“I think therefore I am”

Philosophy and Science Combined

Isaac Newton Don’t sit under the Apple Tree Takes the work of the past scientists and unifies it under a common theory of forces and motion Newtonian Physics

Don’t sit under the Apple Tree

Takes the work of the past scientists and unifies it under a common theory of forces and motion

Newtonian Physics

Progress Marches Forward Development of the Microscope Discovery of bacteria Discover of Red blood cells Realization life did not spontaneously generate while watching grubs and maggots

Development of the Microscope

Discovery of bacteria

Discover of Red blood cells

Realization life did not spontaneously generate while watching grubs and maggots

The Enlightenment Coming out of the dark ages and despair to believe in humanity once more We can know and understand our surroundings in a meaningful way

Coming out of the dark ages and despair to believe in humanity once more

We can know and understand our surroundings in a meaningful way

The Enlightenment Turn your books to pg 171 and read the sections on each of the following philosophers taking notes on their theories. Then, in groups, examine the US constitution and establish where their theories were used sighting specific articles, amendments, or the preamble. Your answers should be recorded on a single piece of paper with all of your group members names included. Hobbes Locke Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Beccaria

Turn your books to pg 171 and read the sections on each of the following philosophers taking notes on their theories. Then, in groups, examine the US constitution and establish where their theories were used sighting specific articles, amendments, or the preamble. Your answers should be recorded on a single piece of paper with all of your group members names included.

Hobbes

Locke

Voltaire

Montesquieu

Rousseau

Beccaria

Outcomes of the Enlightenment Belief that we can know something about the world around us Belief in Humanity and Reason Importance of the Individual Secularism and loss of influence for the Church

Belief that we can know something about the world around us

Belief in Humanity and Reason

Importance of the Individual

Secularism and loss of influence for the Church