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PROBLEMS AND
ISSUES IN
EDUCATION
(PHILIPPINE CONTEXT)
A topic presented
in the course Educ
303 (Economic
Foundation of
Education)
Prof. James L. Paglinawan
Home Page
Home Page
Present Date
•Decline in the quality of Philippine education at
the elementary and secondary levels.
Reality Check:
 Results of NAT among elementary and high
school students and NCAE were way below the
target mean score.
 2004 High School Readiness Test: 0.64% scored
75% or better or 8,000 students out of 1.2
million examinees passed.
Quality of Education
Next slide
Present Date
Quality of Education (con’t)
Reality Check:
 Self-Assessment Test for English: 19% scored
75% or better or 10,000 out of 51,000 teachers.
 Decline in Quality of Education in the Philippines
 Trends in International Mathematics and Science
Study (TIMMS) as of year 2003.
 Math: Philippines ranked no. 43 out of 46
countries
 Science: Philippines ranked no. 42
 No. 1 Singapore
 No. 2. Taipei
Return to
Sub-Menu
Present Date
Affordability of Education
•Big disparity in educational achievements across
social groups.
Reality Check:
 Socioeconomically disadvantaged students have
higher drop out rates in elementary level.
 Most of the freshmen students at the tertiary
level come from relatively well-off families.
Return to
Sub-Menu
Present Date
Budget for Education
•The Philippine Constitution has mandated the
government to allocate the highest proportion of
its budget to education.
Reality Check:
 Philippines still has one of the lowest budget
allocations to education among
the ASEAN countries.
Return to
Sub-Menu
Present Date
Mismatch:
• There is a large proportion of "mismatch"
between training and actual jobs.
• This is the major problem at the tertiary
level and it is also the cause of the
existence of a large group of educated
unemployed or underemployed.
Home Page
Historio
graphy
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Home Page
Internationa
lization
Emascula
tion
Fly-by-
night
Cultural
Insensitive
Abandon
ment
Substandard
Textbooks
Contractuali
zation
Specializa
tion
Copy-Pasting
Culture
Mcdonal
dized
Nonsustaina
bility
Poor Liberal
Art
Purveyor of
myth
Marginali
zation
Monolithic
education
Boring
Teachers
Giving heavier premium to the
history of the colonizers in the
Philippines, and not to the history of
Filipinos.
Teaching of History subjects from the
elementary to tertiary levels and will
most likely perpetuate in the next
generations to come.
The history of the Filipino people and the
colonial history of the Philippines are two
different topics altogether.
Sub-Menu
To be skillful in arithmetic and
computer literacy, fluent in foreign
languages (specifically English and
Nihonggo)
Docile in order to serve as workers of
the transnational businesses of the
advanced, capitalist countries.
Call center phenomenon in the
Philippines, India and other
developing states.
Sub-Menu
Victimized by the over-worked and
under-paid policy of the system of
the past and present dispensations.
Leads to the emasculation and
demoralization of their ranks.
Explains why the teaching profession is not
attracting the best and the brightest from the
crop of students anymore.
Sub-Menu
Teachers, more often than not, are
victimized by the over-worked and under-
paid policy of the system of the past and
present dispensations.
This leads to the emasculation and
demoralization of their ranks. This
probably explains why the teaching
profession is not attracting the best and
the brightest from the crop of students
anymore.
Sub-Menu
The proliferation of fly-by-
night educational institutions
is counter-productive.
Produces a pool of half-
baked, unprepared, and
incompetent graduates.
Sub-Menu
Women, the common
tao and the indigenous
people are almost
historically excluded
from the Philippine
historiography in favor
of the men, heroes
from Luzon and the
power elite.
Sub-Menu
The state—in an incremental
fashion—is abandoning its role to
subsidize public education
particularly in the tertiary level.
This comes in the form of
matriculation, laboratory and
miscellaneous fee increases in order
to force state colleges and
universities (SCUs) to generate their
own sources of fund.
Sub-Menu
Some textbooks which are already
circulation are both poorly written
and haphazardly edited.
Take the case of the Asya: Noon at
Ngayon with an identified total
number of more than 400 historical
errors.
This is a classic case of profit-
centeredness without regard to social
accountability.
Sub-Menu
In the name of profit, owners and
administrators of several private schools
commonly practice contractualization
among their faculty members.
Contractual employees unlike their
regular/tenured counterparts are not
entitled to fringe benefits which
consequently reduces the over-all cost
of their business operation.
Job insecurity demeans the ranks of the
faculty members.
Sub-Menu
Some colleges and universities, even for high
schools, encourage their faculty pool to be
generalists (under the guise of
multidisciplinary approach to learning) in
order to be able to handle various subjects
all at once.
But some faculty members have turned out
to be objects of mockery and have lost their
self-esteem since some of them were
pushed to handle Technical Writing, General
Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra at the
same time.
Sub-Menu
Over-dependence to the cyberspace has
dramatically reduced the capability of
students (even teachers) to undertake
research.
‘Copy-pasting’ has even turned into a
norm among some students whenever
they are tasked to submit a research
paper or even a film review.
Plagiarism has already transformed into
a more sophisticated form in the context
of today’s electronic age.
Sub-Menu
The system, methodology, and even
content of education in the Philippines
are mere haphazard transplantation
from the West.
It is therefore Eurocentric, culturally
insensitive, and non-reflective of the
local milieu.
This is based on the xenocentric (foreign-
centered) premise that other culture or
system is far more superior than one’s
own.
Sub-Menu
Teachers, administrators and
publishers are all left in limbo
whenever the DepEd would come up
with another totally different
directive from what it used to have in
a rather very sudden interval.
The case of the grading system,
timeframe allotted to various
subjects, MAKABAYAN program,
readiness test, and learning
competencies (LC).
Sub-Menu
Liberal education is intended to form a holistic
individual equipped with communication,
critical thinking, mathematical, creative, inter-
personal and intra-personal skills.
This explains why we also have Philosophy,
Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social
Science, Physical Education and even Theology in
our college curriculum, and not only our major
subjects.
Equally alarming is the lack of enthusiasm and
motivation exhibited by some professors to handle the
subject especially if they believe that it has nothing to
do with the course or area of specialization of their
students
Sub-Menu
Education has been very effective in
mainstreaming and perpetuating the social
myths in a subtle and indirect manner.
Some of these myths are the perceived
superiority of white, educated men, ‘official’
history as advanced by the western point of
view,
Globalization is the only way to achieve
economic development, and stereotypes
against the minoritized and the
disenfranchised.
Sub-Menu
In the name of profit and as a response to the
dictates of the market forces, colleges and
universities prefer to offer more courses in
line with the health sciences like nursing,
medical transcription, and care-giving.
This is done at the expense of the already
undersubscribed yet relevant courses like Area
Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies),
Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art
Studies, Community Development, Social
Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology,
and Ceramics Engineering.
Sub-Menu
Some educators in the
name of conservatism and
for the sake of convenience,
prefer the old-style teaching
paradigm where they view
themselves as the fountain
of knowledge and their
students as nothing but
empty vessels to be filled up
(banking method of
education).
Sub-Menu
There are no boring
subjects, only boring
teachers. But at least
we should recognize
them because they
still serve a purpose.
They serve as bad
examples.
Home Page
Facts and Figures on
Philippine Education
Problems, Issues
and Concerns
The problematic education quality in the country as well as
the hindrances faced by Filipino students in gaining good
education begin at the early childhood and kindergarten
education stage.
Republic Act 6972 or the Day Care Law, which mandates the
establishment of a day care center in every barangay, has
improved the number of day care centers to about 87 percent
(36,338) of the total barangays in the country as of the
second quarter 2010 from 78 percent (31,464) in 2002.
The gross enrollment rate of the four- to five-
year-old children from 19.2 percent in 2004
to 24.7 percent in 2008 or reducing to about
four in 10 the number of five-year old
children not in school.
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Real expenditures per student of DepEd
(in 2000 prices)
The relatively low investment of the Philippines on
education may be the reason for the declining
education quality.
2007 GDP Per Capita
The lack of research in HEIs is also seen as another
factor in the low quality of tertiary education in the
Philippines.
In 2010 , the share of DepEd budget to total
education expenses was 85.7 percent,
up from 81.7 percent in 1998.
The high population growth in the country is also another
factor in the high persistence of high pupil-teacher ratio
(PTR). Another reason is the failure to adequately implement
the teacher deployment policy.
Teachers report that boys are difficult to discipline,
have a hard time sitting still, do not participate in
class and are unable to focus on written tasks such as
assignments and exams.
The government has imposed a moratorium on the
establishment of new SUCs. The rationalization of HE system
will also reduce the number of duplicative programs
The Scholarship system in the Philippines is also
problematic as the country's student assistance efforts to
date are “meager and fragmented.”
Home Page
Some
Reforms
Proposed
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Home Page
Present Date
 Burgonio, T. Congress adds P4B to budget of DepEd. Philippine Daily Inquirer. June
5, 2006, p. 1.
 Del Mundo, F. State of RP Education. 2nd of a series. Philippine Daily Inquirer, p.
A22.
 Cheryl M. Arcibal . Updated May 25, 2012. http://www.philstar.com/school-special
 Osorio, E. When our teachers say goodbye. Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 4, 2006,
p. 28.
 Philippine Daily Inquirer. Editorial. Same old problems. June 6, 2006.
 Robles, J. Ground zero. Standard Today. Une 5, 2006, p. 6.
 Secretary Lapus outlines the state of Philippine Education. educnews. December
2006, p. 1.
 Prof. John N. Ponsaran. Notes About the Problems and Issues in the Philippine
Educational System: A Critical Discourse.
 Tubeza, P. Challenge to big business: Put more cash in school plans. Philippine Daily
Inquirer. July 30, 2006, p. 7.
 Tubeza, P. Gov’t needs P120B a year to save public school system. Philippine Daily
Inquirer, p. 11.
Sources: Home Page
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System
Issues in Philippine Education
End of Report
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James L. Paglinawan
Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System

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Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System

  • 2. A topic presented in the course Educ 303 (Economic Foundation of Education)
  • 3. Prof. James L. Paglinawan
  • 6. Present Date •Decline in the quality of Philippine education at the elementary and secondary levels. Reality Check:  Results of NAT among elementary and high school students and NCAE were way below the target mean score.  2004 High School Readiness Test: 0.64% scored 75% or better or 8,000 students out of 1.2 million examinees passed. Quality of Education Next slide
  • 7. Present Date Quality of Education (con’t) Reality Check:  Self-Assessment Test for English: 19% scored 75% or better or 10,000 out of 51,000 teachers.  Decline in Quality of Education in the Philippines  Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) as of year 2003.  Math: Philippines ranked no. 43 out of 46 countries  Science: Philippines ranked no. 42  No. 1 Singapore  No. 2. Taipei Return to Sub-Menu
  • 8. Present Date Affordability of Education •Big disparity in educational achievements across social groups. Reality Check:  Socioeconomically disadvantaged students have higher drop out rates in elementary level.  Most of the freshmen students at the tertiary level come from relatively well-off families. Return to Sub-Menu
  • 9. Present Date Budget for Education •The Philippine Constitution has mandated the government to allocate the highest proportion of its budget to education. Reality Check:  Philippines still has one of the lowest budget allocations to education among the ASEAN countries. Return to Sub-Menu
  • 10. Present Date Mismatch: • There is a large proportion of "mismatch" between training and actual jobs. • This is the major problem at the tertiary level and it is also the cause of the existence of a large group of educated unemployed or underemployed. Home Page
  • 11. Historio graphy Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System Home Page Internationa lization Emascula tion Fly-by- night Cultural Insensitive Abandon ment Substandard Textbooks Contractuali zation Specializa tion Copy-Pasting Culture Mcdonal dized Nonsustaina bility Poor Liberal Art Purveyor of myth Marginali zation Monolithic education Boring Teachers
  • 12. Giving heavier premium to the history of the colonizers in the Philippines, and not to the history of Filipinos. Teaching of History subjects from the elementary to tertiary levels and will most likely perpetuate in the next generations to come. The history of the Filipino people and the colonial history of the Philippines are two different topics altogether. Sub-Menu
  • 13. To be skillful in arithmetic and computer literacy, fluent in foreign languages (specifically English and Nihonggo) Docile in order to serve as workers of the transnational businesses of the advanced, capitalist countries. Call center phenomenon in the Philippines, India and other developing states. Sub-Menu
  • 14. Victimized by the over-worked and under-paid policy of the system of the past and present dispensations. Leads to the emasculation and demoralization of their ranks. Explains why the teaching profession is not attracting the best and the brightest from the crop of students anymore. Sub-Menu
  • 15. Teachers, more often than not, are victimized by the over-worked and under- paid policy of the system of the past and present dispensations. This leads to the emasculation and demoralization of their ranks. This probably explains why the teaching profession is not attracting the best and the brightest from the crop of students anymore. Sub-Menu
  • 16. The proliferation of fly-by- night educational institutions is counter-productive. Produces a pool of half- baked, unprepared, and incompetent graduates. Sub-Menu
  • 17. Women, the common tao and the indigenous people are almost historically excluded from the Philippine historiography in favor of the men, heroes from Luzon and the power elite. Sub-Menu
  • 18. The state—in an incremental fashion—is abandoning its role to subsidize public education particularly in the tertiary level. This comes in the form of matriculation, laboratory and miscellaneous fee increases in order to force state colleges and universities (SCUs) to generate their own sources of fund. Sub-Menu
  • 19. Some textbooks which are already circulation are both poorly written and haphazardly edited. Take the case of the Asya: Noon at Ngayon with an identified total number of more than 400 historical errors. This is a classic case of profit- centeredness without regard to social accountability. Sub-Menu
  • 20. In the name of profit, owners and administrators of several private schools commonly practice contractualization among their faculty members. Contractual employees unlike their regular/tenured counterparts are not entitled to fringe benefits which consequently reduces the over-all cost of their business operation. Job insecurity demeans the ranks of the faculty members. Sub-Menu
  • 21. Some colleges and universities, even for high schools, encourage their faculty pool to be generalists (under the guise of multidisciplinary approach to learning) in order to be able to handle various subjects all at once. But some faculty members have turned out to be objects of mockery and have lost their self-esteem since some of them were pushed to handle Technical Writing, General Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra at the same time. Sub-Menu
  • 22. Over-dependence to the cyberspace has dramatically reduced the capability of students (even teachers) to undertake research. ‘Copy-pasting’ has even turned into a norm among some students whenever they are tasked to submit a research paper or even a film review. Plagiarism has already transformed into a more sophisticated form in the context of today’s electronic age. Sub-Menu
  • 23. The system, methodology, and even content of education in the Philippines are mere haphazard transplantation from the West. It is therefore Eurocentric, culturally insensitive, and non-reflective of the local milieu. This is based on the xenocentric (foreign- centered) premise that other culture or system is far more superior than one’s own. Sub-Menu
  • 24. Teachers, administrators and publishers are all left in limbo whenever the DepEd would come up with another totally different directive from what it used to have in a rather very sudden interval. The case of the grading system, timeframe allotted to various subjects, MAKABAYAN program, readiness test, and learning competencies (LC). Sub-Menu
  • 25. Liberal education is intended to form a holistic individual equipped with communication, critical thinking, mathematical, creative, inter- personal and intra-personal skills. This explains why we also have Philosophy, Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social Science, Physical Education and even Theology in our college curriculum, and not only our major subjects. Equally alarming is the lack of enthusiasm and motivation exhibited by some professors to handle the subject especially if they believe that it has nothing to do with the course or area of specialization of their students Sub-Menu
  • 26. Education has been very effective in mainstreaming and perpetuating the social myths in a subtle and indirect manner. Some of these myths are the perceived superiority of white, educated men, ‘official’ history as advanced by the western point of view, Globalization is the only way to achieve economic development, and stereotypes against the minoritized and the disenfranchised. Sub-Menu
  • 27. In the name of profit and as a response to the dictates of the market forces, colleges and universities prefer to offer more courses in line with the health sciences like nursing, medical transcription, and care-giving. This is done at the expense of the already undersubscribed yet relevant courses like Area Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies), Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art Studies, Community Development, Social Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology, and Ceramics Engineering. Sub-Menu
  • 28. Some educators in the name of conservatism and for the sake of convenience, prefer the old-style teaching paradigm where they view themselves as the fountain of knowledge and their students as nothing but empty vessels to be filled up (banking method of education). Sub-Menu
  • 29. There are no boring subjects, only boring teachers. But at least we should recognize them because they still serve a purpose. They serve as bad examples. Home Page
  • 30. Facts and Figures on Philippine Education Problems, Issues and Concerns
  • 31. The problematic education quality in the country as well as the hindrances faced by Filipino students in gaining good education begin at the early childhood and kindergarten education stage.
  • 32. Republic Act 6972 or the Day Care Law, which mandates the establishment of a day care center in every barangay, has improved the number of day care centers to about 87 percent (36,338) of the total barangays in the country as of the second quarter 2010 from 78 percent (31,464) in 2002.
  • 33. The gross enrollment rate of the four- to five- year-old children from 19.2 percent in 2004 to 24.7 percent in 2008 or reducing to about four in 10 the number of five-year old children not in school.
  • 35. Real expenditures per student of DepEd (in 2000 prices)
  • 36. The relatively low investment of the Philippines on education may be the reason for the declining education quality. 2007 GDP Per Capita
  • 37. The lack of research in HEIs is also seen as another factor in the low quality of tertiary education in the Philippines.
  • 38. In 2010 , the share of DepEd budget to total education expenses was 85.7 percent, up from 81.7 percent in 1998.
  • 39. The high population growth in the country is also another factor in the high persistence of high pupil-teacher ratio (PTR). Another reason is the failure to adequately implement the teacher deployment policy.
  • 40. Teachers report that boys are difficult to discipline, have a hard time sitting still, do not participate in class and are unable to focus on written tasks such as assignments and exams.
  • 41. The government has imposed a moratorium on the establishment of new SUCs. The rationalization of HE system will also reduce the number of duplicative programs
  • 42. The Scholarship system in the Philippines is also problematic as the country's student assistance efforts to date are “meager and fragmented.” Home Page
  • 49. Present Date  Burgonio, T. Congress adds P4B to budget of DepEd. Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 5, 2006, p. 1.  Del Mundo, F. State of RP Education. 2nd of a series. Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. A22.  Cheryl M. Arcibal . Updated May 25, 2012. http://www.philstar.com/school-special  Osorio, E. When our teachers say goodbye. Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 4, 2006, p. 28.  Philippine Daily Inquirer. Editorial. Same old problems. June 6, 2006.  Robles, J. Ground zero. Standard Today. Une 5, 2006, p. 6.  Secretary Lapus outlines the state of Philippine Education. educnews. December 2006, p. 1.  Prof. John N. Ponsaran. Notes About the Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System: A Critical Discourse.  Tubeza, P. Challenge to big business: Put more cash in school plans. Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 30, 2006, p. 7.  Tubeza, P. Gov’t needs P120B a year to save public school system. Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. 11. Sources: Home Page
  • 51. Issues in Philippine Education End of Report NEXT >> PREVIOUS << THAT’S ALL THANK YOU & GOD BLESS Log out James L. Paglinawan