Microshield Water Restoration Presentation, John P. Lapotaire, CIEC 7-12-2011

John P. Lapotaire, CIEC
Lydia A. Lapotaire, CIEC

Before We Begin
Please Silence
Your Phones

1
4
Introduction
Categories of Water Contamination
2
6
5
3
7
IICRC S-500
Water Restoration Goals
What is Restorative Drying?
Restorative Drying Tools
The Value of a Trained Professional

Water Restoration
ANSI/IICRC S500-2006 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration – 2006

Water Restoration
The IICRC Standard for Professional Water Damage Restoration (ANSI/IICRC S500-2006) is a procedural standard.
It is based on reliable restoration principles, research and practical experience.

The goal of Restorative Structural Drying is to save structural components including walls, flooring (not just carpeting!), as well as contents.
You will learn how the proper management of the variables of airflow, temperature, and humidity can lead to reduced costs of property losses.

You will learn the value of a Balanced Drying System to quickly and affordably dry a property
You will learn why a delayed response of just a few days can change the scope of structural drying as the water loss categories change.

It all Starts with Water
Lets Get Started

Water exists in 3 forms:
Gas (water vapor)
Solid (ice)
Liquid

Sources of Water
Exterior
Roof leaks
Flooding (@ surface)
Ground water (subsurface)
Pressurization
Diffusion of vapor
Infiltration of vapor

Sources of Water
Interior
Plumbing systems
Washing
Cooking
Respiration
Plants
Disasters

Liquid Water
Can cause damage instantaneously
Damage increases as time elapses
As time elapses, water changes categories

Categories of Water
Category 1 - Clean Water
Broken water pipes, rainwater, etc
Category 2 - Gray Water
Contains contamination & microorganisms
Toilets with urine, sump pumps, dishwashers

Categories of Water
Category 3 - Black Water
Contains pathogenic agents
Sewage, surface water flooding, pesticides

Categories of Water
Category 1

Category 1 Water
Category 1 Water - That which is clean at the releasing source and does not pose a hazard if consumed by humans.
Category 1 water may become progressively contaminated as it mixes with soils on or within floor coverings or building assemblies (walls, decking,
subflooring). Time and temperature, which promote the growth and amplification of microorganisms in water can cause Category 1 water to degrade.

Categories of Water
Category 2

Category 2 Water
• Category 2 Water - That which begins with some degree of contamination and could cause
sickness or discomfort if consumed by humans. As with Category 1 water, time and temperature can cause Category 2 water to become progressively more contaminated.

Categories of Water
Category 3

Category 3 Water
Category 3 Water - That which is highly contaminated and could cause death or serious illness if consumed by humans.
Examples: sewage, rising flood water from rivers and streams, ground surface water flowing horizontally into homes.

Category 3 Water
According to the Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) standard for professional water damage restoration (ANSI/IICRC S500-2006), Category 3 water damage (often called black water) is water damage to a structure where the origin is unsanitary or potentially infectious to humans.

Category 3 Water
The black water classification also includes less contaminated water not treated in a timely manner.
Category 3 water intrusion can be subdivided into three levels that will help the professional restoration business process the contamination efficiently.

Category 3 Level I
Category 3 Level I contamination is usually a very limited waste problem. It always originates inside the building or house, affects a small area, does not affect porous material, does not penetrate the structure, and has had limited time of exposure.
A small toilet overflow is one example.

Category 3 Level II
Category 3 Level II contamination also originates inside the building. However, the area of direct contamination is larger.
Porous materials as well as non-porous materials are affected.
Restoration must be more thorough to include removing moisture barriers like vinyl and plastics that will contain the contamination.

Category 3 Level III
Category 3 Level III cont. Cabinets and other structural enclosures must inspected and possibly removed if the contamination is present — especially if it is inside the walls behind these items.
All contaminated porous items such as drywall, carpet, pad, upholstery, drapery, or particleboard furniture must be removed and properly disposed of.

Category 3 Level III
Category 3 Level III contamination includes water and waste coming from an outside source such as a septic system, main sewage line, rivers, streams, and ocean waters.
Level III indicates more contamination for a longer period and presents a much greater health risk.

Contaminated Water Restoration
Dispose
carpet cushion
absorbent stuffed fabrics
Saturated absorbent materials
Ceiling tile, dry wall, paper, etc.
Evaluate structural materials for degree of contamination and physical damage

Contaminated Water Restoration
Discard carpet saturated with Category 3 water
Category 2 water carpet contamination may be cleaned with hot water extraction and biocide
Remove floor if water reached subflooring
Subflooring must be cleaned, disinfected, dried

Review
or
Break
Take 10

Review: Categories of Water Damage
Category 1: Clean Water
Category 2: Gray Water
Category 3: Black Water

Categories of Water Damage
Category 1: Clean Water
Category 2: Gray Water (rain, clean water in dirty carpets, laundry water, water migrating through building envelope)
Category 3: Black Water (flooding from street or river, sewage [bacterial]

Category 3 Water
Following a Category 3 water loss, a State Licensed Professional Restoration Business will use proper
procedures, techniques, products, and equipment
to establish a Balanced Drying System to help restore property to its pre-loss condition safely and as rapidly as possible

Time is Critical
72 hours

Water damage in a structure exists in 3 forms:
Free Water
Absorbed Water
Adsorbed Water

Free Water
Refers to standing water
Easiest to remove

Absorbed Water
Refers to water that has become part of the structure due to capillary action
Requires a building to need supplemental drying
Can only be removed by (1)demolition of saturated materials (2)converting the liquid into a vapor

Adsorbed Water
Refers to the chemically bonded water found naturally in materials
Removal of adsorbed water damages the material.

What is Drying?
Drying is a science, based on established laws of thermodynamics and laws of gases
Basically, all states of water seek equilibrium
More to Less
High to Low
Hot to Cold

Removing Water from the Structure
Provide an condition in which water wants to migrate from one area (where you want to get rid of it) to an area where it causes no harm
Provide tools to change the condition
Fully understand the materials and area of water damage

How it all Works……
Liquid water will flow, seeking its own level (more to less)
Water vapor will move, from higher pressure to lower pressure
If water can not flow out of building (drained), then it has to be converted to a vapor (evaporation)

How it all Works……

To properly evaluate temperature, relative humidity, and grains per pound (or g/kg), restorers must use a psychometric chart.
A trained and licensed restoration professional will collect temperature and humidity of the property using a thermal hygrometer.
The Psychometric Chart

These two readings will establish the capacity of the air mass (temperature) to hold moisture and the relative amount of moisture in the air (relative humidity).
Employing these two readings the trained professional can then use the psychometric chart to calculate the grains per pound of water vapor in the air.

The psychometric chart will also provide the indoor environments dew point.
The dew point is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with moisture vapor and can hold no more water vapor.
Calculating the dew point temperature is important when monitoring the drying cycle of a structure and wet building materials.

Psychometric Chart

Just a Simple Little Chart Right?
Maybe it would be better to trust a Trained and Licensed Professional to run the calculations.

Water Damaged Building Materials
At the surface of the material, Water Activity occurs
(conversion of liquid to vapor-evaporation)
The further that a liquid has to migrate to the surface, the longer it takes to dry
The permeability of a material dictates the speed of migration
Water can travel through a material as vapor

Water Activity
Water Activity (aw) = Equilibrium relative humidity of the substrate divided by 100
All building materials have different rates in which water vapor moves within them
Water Activity at the surface determines the evaporation rate.

Removing Water from Saturated Materials
Fully assess and measure the area of water damage
Create a condition in which water wants to migrate from one area to an area where it causes no harm
Provide tools to change the condition

Drying Tools
Dehumidifiers- manipulating the specific humidity to allow the air to accept additional moisture in the form of vapor
Fans- prevent “layering” of water vapor due to weight; and they transport vapor away from the surface to increase conversion rates.

Dehumidifiers
Refrigerant
Desiccant

Refrigerant Dehumidifier
Most efficient at optimum temperature
Power requirements can become prohibitive
Require more monitoring (labor hours)

Desiccant Dehumidifier
Use silica gel to attract the moisture out of the air
Purges moisture from the building under positive pressure - can potentially distribute contaminates

Desiccant Dehumidifier

When is Too Much Too Much

Basic Guidelines
1. Amount of drying equipment used is based on the volume of air and air exchanges
2. It takes a Trained Professional to understand the drying process
3. A well planned drying plan will quickly dry the property and save everyone both time and a pile of money

The “Air Exchange” rule
Dehumidification processes the air
When all of the air in a building or room has been processed by the dehumidifier, then all the air has been exchanged one time through the machine.
Dehumidifiers are rated on how much air they process per minute (cfm)

How Much Equipment is Really Necessary?
The amount of water in a structure determines the amount of drying equipment needed to process the air

Easy…..Right ???
Therefore, if the cubic foot volume of the air in a building is determined, then this amount can be divided by the number of cfm that the dehumidifier can process.

Simple as pi….π
If that sum is divided by 60, then the air exchanges per hour can be determined.
Any Questions so far?

Hire ONLY Trained & Licensed Professionals
Improper water restoration practices have far reaching consequences for Florida property owners.
Trained professionals know the essential methods for correct restoration of flood damaged properties.

Here’s the Math………..

Example:
Total length X width X height = 20,000 c/f.
Divided by a 200 cfm Dh. = 100 minutes to complete an air exchange
Divided by 60 minutes = 1.67 air exchanges per hour
1.67 X 2 =3.34- or 2 exchanges would require 2-200 cfm dehumidifiers.

Got it …Right ????

Just Hire a Trained & Licensed Professional
Untrained restoration companies will take longer to complete a drying job.
Use more equipment to complete a drying job.
Cost you more time and money.
Trained professionals will get it Dry quicker and more affordably
EVERYTIME!

How many air exchanges?
Typical standard floor saturation requires 1 air exchange per hour
Lower walls wet from wicking and bases of personal property wet requires 2 air exchanges per hour
Walls & ceilings wet -requires 3 air exchanges per hour

Air exchanges establish the optimum conditions for drying
Once optimum conditions are met, then additional air exchanges accomplish nothing
Because of the physical limitations of water activity & evaporation, 3 air exchanges are the maximum

Therefore, adding more dehumidifiers can not lower the Rh beyond what is actually possible
Doing the Math lowers the total cost of the job $$$$
Saving everyone money!

How many fans?
Fans speed up the drying process nominally
Air movement increases the amount of water activity that can occur
Helps distribute processed air throughout the structure
So how many do you need???

Ask the Trained Professional?
Most in our industry agree that three fans per dehumidifier are sufficient
Fans can be used to dry “from the wall/ceiling cavities” out

Hire ONLY Trained & Licensed Professionals
Its worth it!
Trained professionals will save you time and moneyon the restoration of all your flood damaged properties.

Additional Drying Techniques
For Walls
Ceilings
Cabinets
Floors

Forces dry air into interstitial wall & ceiling cavities and displaces the moisture by purging
Excellent for wallpapered walls because it dries from the inside out
Really isn’t needed in most applications
The Inject-a-Dry System

The Inject-a-Dry System

When fans should not be used
When air movement could create bioaerosols
Category 3 Sewage- transporting pathogens into the air stream
Mold- contaminating the indoor air quality

IICRC S500
“Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration”
Institute of Inspection,Cleaning and Restoration Certification
www.iicrc.org

Hire Trained & Licensed Professionals
Trained Professionals will always save you both Time and Money.
Microshield will help write a Balanced Drying System for all your water loss properties
Which will allow the Trained Restoration Professional to quickly return the property to its pre-loss condition

Questions

Thank You
Lydia A. Lapotaire, CIEC
407-383-9459
Lydia@FloridaIAQ.com
www.FloridaIAQ.com
John P. Lapotaire, CIEC
3211-229-2778
John@FloridaIAQ.com
www.FloridaIAQ.com

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Microshield Water Restoration Presentation, John P. Lapotaire, CIEC 7-12-2011

by John Lapotaire, CIEC on Jul 12, 2011

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Microshield Water Restoration Presentation, John P. Lapotaire, CIEC 7-12-2011 — Presentation Transcript