Business And It

Business and IT www.requisiteremedy.com

IT Architecture Business Architecture As-Is Analysis To-Be Design Requirements Analysis Design Development Testing gap?

IT people are from Mars Business people think they should stay there

Many bridges have been tried to build between business and IT...

Enterprise Architecture Business Process Management Enterprise Integration / Service-Oriented Architecture Governance

What is an Enterprise?

Architecture: Definition

” The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.” – ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000

Why Enterprise Scope?

Enterprise Architecture frameworks vary in their focus Taxonomy Completeness Process Completeness IT Focus Business Focus Zachman TOGAF FEAF

Zachman Framework: The Reference Framework V 2.01 What How Where Who When Why Scope Inventory Types Process Types Network Types Organization Types Timing Types Motivation Types Strategists Business Business Entity /Relationship Business Transform /Input Business Location /Connection Business Role /Work Business Cycle /Moment Business End /Means Executive Leaders System System Entity /Relationship System Transform /Input System Location /Connection System Role /Work System Cycle /Moment System End /Means Architects Technology Technology Entity /Relationship Technology Transform /Input Technology Location /Connection Technology Role/Work Technology Cycle/Moment Technology End/Means Engineers Component Component Entity /Relationship Component Transform /Input Component Location /Connection Component Role/Work Component Cycle/Moment Component End/Means Technicians Operations Operations Entity /Relationship Operations Transform /Input Operations Location /Connection Operations Role/Work Operations Cycle/Moment Operations End/Means Workers Inventory Process Network Organization Timing Motivation

TOGAF Defines a Methodology: ADM Prelim: Framework and Principles

Process Management 2000+

Enterprise Integration

Brief History of Enterprise Integration

Islands of automation

Point-to-Point Integration

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Package Software

Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

Business-to-Business Integration (B2Bi)

Workflow Management System (WFMS)

Business Process Management System (BPMS)

Islands of Automation

Information systems automate routine transactions and manual tasks

Systems are isolated from each other and data are manually keyed in from one system to another

Point-to-Point Integration

Systems are integrated with idiosyncratic one-to-one solutions

The number of connections to integrate systems grows by the power of two as the number of systems grows

Integration at endpoints is intrusive and requires specific technical knowhow

Processes external to the integration scope

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

” One size fits all”

Unified data source

Best practice processes

Often aligned with BPR projects

Risky and costly

Package Software

Data and process model of ERP too rigid and inadequate

Domain specific solutions: SCM, CRM

Back to square one: islands of automation

Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)

Queuing software as a mechanism to move information from point to point

Relies on an asynchronous paradigm

No direct coupling with the middleware mechanism and application required

Message persistence

Performance optimization

Enterprise Application Integration

Message broking

Schema transformations

Content transformations

Technology adapters

Application adapters

Business-to-Business Integration

Leverages business protocols (e.g. RosettaNet, ebXML)

Employs Web services technologies (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI)

Loose document-based coupling

Distinction between public and private process

Collaboration

Workflow Management (WfM)

Developed independently from integration technologies

Workflow process

A single, sequential process

Document-/task-oriented

Workflow technology does not support all types of processes

Business Process Management (BPM)

Orchestration

A private executable process

Binds resources to a context through context-independent services

Choreography

The observable public exchange of messages

Binds participants to roles within the business process

Enterprise Integration culminates at Business Process Management System BPMS ERP EAI WFMS ” Islands of Automation” Package Software B2Bi MOM Point-to-point

Service-Oriented Architecture provides business functionality in modular services

Service Semantics Service Client Service Provider Service Consumer Service Producer Service Contract Service Request Design Time Run Time

Publish-Find-Bind Pattern Service Client/ Consumer Service Directory Service Provider/ Producer Find Publish Bind

GOVERNANCE

IT Governance

“ Specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT.” – Weill & Ross (2004)

“ The processes which ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals” – Gartner

Goal: reducing costs and improving the bottom-line impact Today’s situation All Too Common: Higher cost No change of impact Higher Growth: Higher cost Higher impact Stable Cost: Same (current) cost Higher impact Sweet Spot: Lower cost Higher impact Reduced Cost: Lower cost Same (current) impact Typically Undesirable: Lower cost Lower impact Cost Impact Lower impact Higher impact Lower cost Higher cost IT improvement zone Adopted from Benson, Bugnitz & Walton (2004): From Business Strategy to IT Action

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