Linked Data and Users in Library - Does the library communicate efficiently?

DC-2009 Seoul
Linked Data and Users in LibraryDoes the library communicate efficiently?
2009.10.14.
Eunchul Lee
President, Korean Library Association,
Professor, Dept of Library & Info Science, Sungkyunkwan University
(assisted by Jinho Park, Standard Team of the National Digital Library of Korea)

Contents
Introduction
The Principles of Linked Data
Ever Changing Users’ Needs
Communication in Library
Conclusions
2

1. Introduction
3
Linked Data and Users in the LibraryDoes the library communicate efficiently?

1. Introduction
4
The Semantic Interoperability of Linked Data

1. Introduction
[The Linking Open Data dataset cloud]
Bibliographic
5

[The Semantic Web Layer Cake]
User Interface & Applications
Trust
Crypto
Proof
Unifying Logic
Rules:
RIF
Ontology:
OWL
Vocabulary:
SKOS
Query:
SPARQL
RDF-S
Data Interchange: RDF
XML
URI
Unicode
[W3C, 2007]
1. Introduction
6

2. The Principles of Linked Data
Tim Berners-Lee (2007)
The Principle of Linked Data
Use URIs as names for all conceivable objects.
Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up the names of those objects.
Provide useful information using the RDF, SPARQL standards when someone looks up a URI.
Include links to other URIs so that users can discover more objects.
Raw Data!!
7

The Web of Documents
8

The Web of Data
9

Linked Data in Library

Use URIs as names for things.
Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL)
Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.

10

What kind of library data are suitable for these principles?
Those that are frequently referenced and updated by librarians, in relation to their works or within the information process system
Those that provide users with links as other references (links) in relation to more accurate search results
Those that are meaningful in themselves and are independently capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems
Those that have values capable of being recognized as unique information via URI
11

Data owned by libraries:
Bibliographic data
Holdings records
Authority records
Authors, titles, subject headings

Those being endlessly referenced and updated by librarians, in relations to their works, or within the information process system
Those providing links as other references (links) in relations to the more accurate search results to users
Those that are meaningful themselves and independent ones capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems
Those capable of being recognized with their values as unique information through URI

12

Authority records can be used as linked data
LIBRIS
The Swedish National Union Catalogue
Earlier 2009 year, LIBRIS was published as Linked Data on the web, exposing the entire library state with all its records, links and relations.
Authority records
Authors, titles, subject headings
13

Linked
Data
Open
First step
Open “Authority Data”
How?
Convert Marc to XML(MarcXchange ?)
Assign URIs(HTTP URIs)
Use RDF(or Microformats..) to establish relationships
Is this really our first priority?
14

Considerations for linked data development
Libraries may not be ready for linked data yet.
A web of document -> A web of applications -> A web of data
We need to re-examine what it is thatwe have.
We need to re-think about why we are considering ‘A web of data’.
We need to examine our surrounding conditions more carefully and make future plans.
15

Are libraries ready for linked data?
Are libraries’ metadata (MARC, Dublin Core…) rich enough to link data?
Are libraries’ IT infrastructure ready for ‘open’ environment? Are we ready to comply with open standards?
Are IT policies suitable for existing linked data? (URI policies and so on)
Are we efficiently coping with license and copyright issues?
Can we provide long-term identification and access to those data?
16

Can we provide long-term accessibility?
17
17

ISSUE
Semantic(Linked data) Search engine.
RDF Browser
Linking algorithms
User interaction and interface
Publishing legacy data sources as Linked Data on the Web
Licensing and other legal issues
N-Triple transformation
Database (support SPARQL)
Identifier management
18

Why are libraries considering
Linked data and semantic web?
3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jakecaptive/3205277810/
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The needs of our clients are changing.
It is also difficult to predict clients’ changing needs.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/chavals/2344906748/
20

21
Who are our clients?
Resources to meet users’ needs
Information (books, journals, CDs, DVDs, the Web, etc.)
Users (people seeking information)

22
Why are user needs hard to predict?
The extremely rapid advancement of IT

Speedy advent of future technologies
Fractional predictions liable to cause failures
Rapid production and utilization of various digital information resources and media increases likelihood of unpredictability

23
The Future Model of the Information Age

IT(Information Technology) + BT(Biotechnology) + NT(Nano-technology)

01
Combination of IT + NT: microminiaturization ofall computing materials
02
Microminiaturized IT+NT products embedded in the body (BT)
03
Human bodies embrace media: Advent of ergonomics where human’s five senses are integrated into NT and installed in machines

24
Why are user needs impossible to predict?
Users are making the Web more and more of a social space.

Users are unable to bear boredom
Users are increasingly turning into producers rather than mere information consumers

Communication
= The Strategy for Future Library
4. Communication in Library
The reason why libraries are concerned with linked data and semantic web
25

Users’ Perspective
Not being able to find certain information on the Web prompts the assumption that said information not available.
I exist = I exist on the network = I am in the network
Users are making the Web a social sphere.(Users are the core of what makes the Web social)
26

Facebook
Slideshare
Twitter
Flickr
Blog
PC, Mobile, Anytime, Anywhere
27

[SEMTECH 2007]
[http://www.faviki.com/blog/keyword_search.gif]
28

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Enjoyment and convenience
New routes for information searches
The fast distribution of the latest information filtered to a user’s interest
Easy reference of diverse information and opinions
Trustworthiness
Increasing a human network based on “people I know and trust”

Unique identification of information resources
Assignment of unique identifiers to authority files and works
FOAF(Friend Of A Friend): Name Authority= FOAF
ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier)
30

Various attempts made by libraries
Services through libraries’ search systems
Exposing library resources via metadata
Linking search engines and services
Linking blogs and SNS services
31

Traditional library
Physical Materials
Library
User
32

Digital library
[Web]
[CD/DVD]
[Text, Audio, Video]
Physical
Digital
[Web]
Library
User
[PC]
[Mobile]
[Creator]
[User]
Create Information
33

Challenges accompanied by changes in communication
In order to manage, preserve, and service digital information using various formats, we must develop suitable management system and metadata elements.
At which point in time should certain information be considered the most recent?
Traditional distribution channels cannot satisfy renewed user demands.
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5. Conclusions
What is the most important key word?
Digital
Information Technology
Web
Data
User
35

5. Conclusions
[The 21th Century Megatrend and Digital Library]
Keyword
Features
Megatrend

Innovative Transformation
Shift of Global Outsourcing
Multimedia Services
Digital Convergence based on IP services
Security Governance
Diversity of Compliance
Solution Convergence
Mobile & Interactive
Extension of Capability
Network Convergence
Real World Web
Mobile Virtual Network Operator
Security Convergence
Risk Management Automation
Green Computing
Cloud Computing
Green Energy
Smart Devices
WiFi based Service
Mobile 2.0
Mash-up Service
Rich Internet Application
Human-Computing Interaction
Open Grid Services Platform
Agile Computing

Openness/Share/Participation

Web X.0
Risk Management
Mobility
Green IT
Consumerization of IT
Semantic Web

Cost reduction
Fusion/integration
Laws/Provisions
Accessibility
Continuity
Mobility
Environment friendly
User-centered
[2007, the National Library of Korea, “The 21th Century Megatrend and Digital Library”]
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5. Conclusions
Implications of Linked Data and Users
Importance of making data smarter
Libraries provide countless amounts of information and media
Libraries need to be a trustworthy entity
Libraries must be placed where permanent access to and preservation of data are guaranteed
Libraries should remain faithful to their most basic and natural role
Providing users with diverse solutions to problems
How do users think and solve problems?
Is it possible to create a system configuration (interface configuration) to assist users’ problem-solving process?
37

Thank you!!
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[Reference]