Intelligent Transportation Systems , The Smart Grid And Your Electrical Infrastructure

ITS, THE SMART GRID AND YOUR ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Jim Frazer
Surf Networks, Inc.

Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc.
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Agenda
Federal Highway Goals
NTCIP 1213 – The Intelligent Transportation Systems Standard for Electrical Lighting & Management Systems
Adaptive Lighting Applications
Asset Management & Resource Optimization
Safety Enhancement, Ground Faults, Pole Knockdowns…
Convergence: Intelligent Transportation Systems & The Smart Grid
Technological Initiatives
Standards, Regulations & Trainings
US Federal Legislation
Opinion Leaders & Influencers

Introduction – Federal Highway Goals
Make roads more efficient
More throughput of vehicles
Minimize disruptions in traffic flow
Minimize energy usage
Maximize safety
Minimize incidents
Through technology
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Federal Highway Initiatives
Introduce Technology to the Roadway
System incompatibility
“Plug & Play” was needed
Thus ITS standards
Ease of installation
Competition =
More product choices
Better applications
Reduced costs
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The US Department of Transportation’s Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Electrical & Lighting Management Systems Standard NTCIP 1213
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The Federal Standard
US FHWA ITS Standard NTCIP 1213
Electrical Lighting & Management Systems or “ELMS”
Supports all electrical devices on the roadway
Not just lighting
Electric metering
Safety monitoring
Supports DMS, call boxes, tool booths etc.
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NTCIP 1213 Major Features
Real time status of system assets (monitor & control)
Lighting
Roadway luminaires
Pedestrian luminaires
Bicycle path luminaires
Switching / Control & Monitor Other Loads
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Power Metering
Unknown until now
DMS, cameras, call boxes, toll booths,
Of any roadside electrical asset
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Safety Sensors
Pole Knockdown
Ground Fault Detection
Arc Fault
Many more
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Logging
Allows recording of system variable data
Every ELMS attribute can be logged
Typical “logged” data points include
Current Usage of roadway light
Cycling condition of roadway light
Power Meter data
Ground Fault Detector periodic values
Ground Fault exception alarms
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Zoning
Allows Logical Grouping
For Logging
For Scheduling
For Overrides
What can be placed in a zone?
Complete electrical services
Branch circuits
Individual luminaires
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NTCIP 1213 Major Feature
Scheduling
Allows a time / light level association for each lighting fixture based on
Time
Ambient light level
External inputs
Vehicular Traffic levels
Pedestrian & Bicycle Traffic Levels
Weather dependencies
Contactors for electrical services and circuits can also be scheduled
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ELMS System Overview
E L M S is the acronym for Electrical Lighting and Management Systems
The effort to develop a standard for Electrical and Lighting Management Systems began with the formation of an ad-hoc committee of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).
It is now supported by:
ITE, NEMA, AASHTO and the US DOT / Federal Highway Administration
Technically, the NTCIP Objects for Electrical and Lighting Management Systems defines data elements in ASN.1 using the SNMP Object Type Macro for field devices that monitor and control electrical and lighting systems. These objects define the software interface at the field data logger.
For more information about NTCIP standards, visit the NTCIP Web Site at http://www.ntcip.org. For a hardcopy summary of NTCIP information, contact the NTCIP Coordinator at the following address.
NTCIP Coordinator
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 N.17th Street, Suite 1847
Rosslyn, Virginia 22209-3801
fax: (703) 841-3331
e-mail:ntcip@nema.org

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ELMS Terminology
Electric Service
The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served.
Branch Circuit
Local electrical circuit that provides power to the Luminaires.
Pole
Roadside light pole. Poles may be categorized by
their constituent material types
and/or design configurations.
Luminaire
The light fixture and possibly associated sensors
Luminaires may be organized into control zones
Management functions can be performed on individual Luminaires or on zones of Luminaires (ex: Scheduling, Dimming)

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ELMS System Architecture
Remote Communications Dedicated, Dial-up, Wireless, BPL, Fiber, Microwave, etc.
NTCIP
Local
Data Logger
Supervisory Station
Management Center
Ambient Light
Sensor
Local Communications
Electrical Service
Controller
Streetlight
Controller
Branch Circuit
Controller
Ground Fault
Detector
PowerMeter
Electrical Service
Controller
Branch Circuit
Controller
Streetlight
Controller

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Management Stations & SNMP Agents

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TCP/IP
for FTP
Traffic
Management
Center 1
Finance
Maintenance
Emergency
Operations
Center
Operations
EMS
Electric Usage
Pole Knockdown
TMC 2
Homeland Security Event
TMC 3
UDP for Management Station to SNMP Agent Communications
Natural Disaster
Evacuation Routing
SNMP
Standard
Dynamic
Message
Sign
MIB
SNMP
Standard
Electrical Lighting
&
Management
Systems
MIB
SNMP
Standard
Camera
MIB
SNMP
Traffic Flow
Sensors
MIB
SNMP
Many Other
Standard
MIBs

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What’s a “Standardized” MIB?
Data table of values, with engineering units, in hierarchical order

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Features & Benefits
Low operating costs:
No continuing subscription fees from telecommunications providers.
Energy Savings
Through intelligent scheduling of, lighting and elimination of wasteful “dayburners”.
Control any light, any meter, any ground fault sensor, and circuit:
Any terminal device can be controlled individually and in seconds from an Internet browser or a mobile phone
Modularity & Flexibility:
An ELMS system can at any time be expanded to new areas or cities, using existing servers, i.e. with only incremental costs. As the system is based on open standards it can easily be interfaced with other systems, for example GIS and management information systems
Reports:
The user interface offers fast and easy access to a number of 24-hour reports including actual switch on/off times, burn-hours, and other events

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Features & Benefits
Minimizes errors and the costs of correcting them:
An efficient replacement program for maximum use of each luminaire can be based on precise burn-hour data.
Faults in cabinets, luminaires or electrical circuits are reported automatically, eliminating the need of costly visual inspections
Complete reporting of system parameters:
Generates all the reports needed in control and management, including reports on streetlight, branch circuit and electrical service settings, including event and fault reports.
Monitors & control power consumption:
Power meters and ground fault detectors can be deployed anywhere on the network

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Features & Benefits
Blackout / Brownout protection
Dimming or switching of individual streetlights can minimize the need for more intrusive actions, such as rolling brownouts
Compatible with ITS NTCIP 1213
Possible Federal Highway Grants for ITS NTCIP Applications
Safety
Reporting of dangerous ground fault conditions
Saving of LIVES
Real-time monitoring and logging:
Switch on/off, re-programming, electricity consumption and faults. All events are reported and logged.

Streetlight Output Over Time
Suggested relamp point
Mean Lumens @ 40% Life
~ 65% of initial lumens
50% Dead
% INITIAL LUMENS
T=0 @ 100 Hrs
% RATED LIFE
NOTE: Curve is an approximation determined under ANSI-specified test conditions. Lumen maintenance will vary widely from lamp-to-lamp and under different burning conditions

Achieve Constant Light Output
Configure Dim Level to Dynamically Provide Minimum Light Level
Ramp Up power as Lumen Output Degrades
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Dimming Creates Great Savings
Peaks in traffic volume occur
early mornings from approximately 7AM to 9 AM and
again in the evening from 4 PM to 6 PM.
Traffic dips to very low levels typically from midnight to about 5AM,
with absolute minimums in the 3AM to 4 AM timeframe.
These levels correspond to the three levels of user activity as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
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Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards define minimum required lighting levels for various sites, types of users, and aggregated user traffic counts.
IES guidelines describe three levels of user activity for each site type, with their own respective minimum lighting level.
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With new control and monitoring technologies,
dimming can be implemented, and
lighting levels can be dynamically adapted as the user activities change.
When encountering a change from a high to a low user activity,
IES suggests a 50% light level reduction.
Similarly, an activity change from a medium to a low IES activity state allows dimming of up to 40%.
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Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards define minimum required lighting levels for various sites, types of users, and aggregated user traffic counts.
IES guidelines describe three levels of user activity for each site type, with their own respective minimum lighting level.
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During the night, and / or
During times of rain and/or wet road surfaces, reflectivity of the road increases substantially.
Dimming, in these instances, can be implemented dynamically in response to inputs from reflectivity and relative humidity sensors, to create safer conditions by maintaining lighting levels to IES standards.
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Adaptive Lighting Mechanics
The standard NTCIP 1206 - Object Definitions for Data Collection and Monitoring (DCM) Devices, provides the vocabulary - commands, responses and information - necessary for traffic management and operations personnel to control, manage, and monitor data collection and monitoring devices such as loop detectors, radar detectors and other sensors. Object definitions included in NTCIP 1206 include vehicular traffic counts, by day, by hour, and even by type of vehicle.
The standard NTCIP 1213- NTCIP Object Definitions for Electrical Lighting and Management Systems, is more commonly known as “ELMS”. ELMS equipment is a telemetry-based remote monitoring and control system for highway lighting. Object definitions included in NTCIP 1213 include individual streetlight dim levels and performance characteristics.
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Adaptive Lighting Mechanics
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Asset Management
In many instances a phone rings at a public works office, and a citizen reports that a light is out.
Often the site description is poor, and a worker or two, must survey the site to find the broken fixture.
It may be cycling so that at first glance, all the lights appear to be working.
Once the problem is identified, the spare parts, tools or trained personnel may not be located in the on-site truck.
Application of new technologies can make many of these delays, ambiguities and inefficiencies simply disappear.
33

Asset Management
ELMS compliant infrastructure is required to possess GPS location attributes for each component in the field, including service cabinets, streetlights, power meters and ground fault detectors.
Increasingly, public works radio vendors are also offering GPS functions and data interface as integral parts of their radios. Integration with these GPS-enabled radio systems can yield dramatic benefits.
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Asset Management
At each scan, the GPS location data is recorded so managers know exactly where and when each component was physically deployed.
Effective application of radio-based asset tracking allows each truck to arrive at the correct jobsite faster than before, with advance detailed knowledge of the situation, along with the exact toolset and repair components needed to complete the job.
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Asset Management
Components can be tracked from the storeroom, to the truck and on to the installation site, with appended locations and dates
This data can be used for more effective ordering and inventory control of spare and replacement parts inventories – both in the warehouse, in the truck and in the “back pocket”
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Safety – Ground Faults, Pole Knockdowns & More…
History
Past & Present
Impacts
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Electrical System Status
Infrastructure now 20 to 60 years old!
Failures occur throughout the US
Incidents are severe and often fatal
Energy use increases as hardware ages
Utilities over count poles & overbill!
Energy costs to support infrastructure continue to increase
Maintenance costs of infrastructure continue to rise
Almost all streetlights are unmetered
Roadway lighting not always appropriate for conditions
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The City of New York
Jodie Lane, a Ph.D. student was walking her dogs in the East Village.
When her dogs suddenly began acting strangely, fighting with each other and howling inexplicably, Lane called for help and bent over the dogs to try to calm them.
As she approached the dogs, she apparently realized that they were receiving an electric shock from a metal plate on the street.
Lane also received the shock from the plate, and apparently was electrocuted when she also came into contact with a metal curb at the same time.

The City of New York
Although no lawsuit was filed, Con Ed and
Lane’s family reached a $7.2 million
settlement. Also, two experts —
one picked by Roger Lane, one by
Con Ed — will regularly review the
utility’s progress in increasing
safety of its street fixtures and report
back to the Jodie Lane Safety Foundation
Thanks to Lopez, who pushed for new legislation, Con Ed must inspect
all its street structures annually, fixing stray voltage wherever it is
found. Nevertheless, in Roger Lane’s view, nothing’s really changed in
terms of safety on the streets.

The County of Miami-Dade
$65 million for
sixth-grader
electrocuted at bus stop
A civil jury hit the outdoor
advertiser with a $65 million
verdict for the electrocution
of Jorge Cabrera.
The 12-year-old sought shelter
at a Miami bus stop during a
thunderstorm
The bus stop was powered by the county’s streetlight system.
The youngster was on his way to his father's house when he was caught in a downpour. He slipped into a lighted bus shelter and was found dead after the storm face down on the ground, burnt and covered with ants

The City of Las Vegas
Frayed underground wiring, an ill-timed summer thunderstorm and open-toed shoes might have combined to electrocute Becky Longhoffer a mother of four Saturday while she crossed the Strip, authorities said.
The Louisville, Ky., resident, who was visiting Las Vegas with her fiance, died when she stepped on a cast iron plate covering the electrical wiring, authorities said. The plate had been soaked by a heavy downpour and was covered by a puddle several inches deep when Longhoffer stepped on it.

Spring Mountain Road & Las Vegas Blvd
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The City of Las Vegas

Summing Up The ELMS Features
Now
Streetlight Control
Ground Fault Detection
Power Metering
Other Safety Issues
Arc Fault
Pole Knockdown etc
Coming
Electric Vehicle Charging
Vehicle to Smart Grid Communications
An Open Protocol Financial Interface
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Convergence: Intelligent Transportation Systems & The Smart Grid
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Basic Smart Grid Architecture as defined by the US Department of Energy and The National Institute of Standards and Technology
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ELMS & The Smart Grid Commonalities
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The ELMS & Smart Grid Ecosystem
Opinion Leaders & Influencers
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The Networked Smart Grid
Adaptive Lighting
V2G
Financial Interfaces
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The Networked Smart Grid
The US DOE has funded NIST to develop Smart Grid standards, many of these initiatives directly and indirectly impact the outdoor lighting market
These initiatives include:
Electric Vehicle charging stations
Distributed generation / point sources of power
photovoltaic, wind & electric vehicles
The plug and play financial interface
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Adaptive Lighting
Who will write the dynamic lighting rules?
Basic research by Carl Andersen of FHWA
As well as through the IES RLC Adaptive Lighting Task Group
How will these rules be applied?
Through standardized control protocols & us of approved design guides:
ITS NTCIP 1213 “ELMS”
Using the applications methodologies and control information in the IES RLC Design Guide 28 “Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls” currently under development by the IES RLC Energy Management committee
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V2G – Vehicle to Grid
A NIST, and SAE initiative
The vehicle will inform the infrastructure of its presence wirelessly
Thus if there are few vehicles on the road, lights can adaptively be dimmed or extinguished
Similarly if there are many vehicles on the road, lights can adaptively be dimmed or extinguished
Standards and legislation under discussion
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The Financial interface
The power industry is moving towards dynamic adaptive pricing.
NIST and the US DOE are underdevelopment of a energy services interface standard
This standard will allow subsystems, or microgrids to dynamically and instantaneously exchange information about their power requirements and the prices at which they are willing to buy and sell power at a multitude of points in the future
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ITS JPO
NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems
ITE & DOE EnergyStar™
Traffic signal head, service cabinet & the streetlight
IES Roadway Lighting
Design Guide 28 (draft) – Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls
IMSA
Roadway Lighting Technician & Roadway Lighting Specialist CEU courses – contains ELMS content
MLO
by Dark Sky & IES
US DOE NIST Smart Grid embrace of US DOT ITS NTCIP 1213
NEMA: NTCIP Standard Picked for Smart Grid Use (Page 22): http://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/ygs/G14663NEMA_Nxtbook2/index.php?startid=21#/22
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ITS JPO
Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office
Managed by 3 Organizations
AASHTO
NEMA
ITE
Creates Intelligent Transportation Systems Standards including:
ELMS NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems
Standard describes streetlight control, metering and ground fault interruption
Significant expansion in 2011 to include EV charging, financial interfaces, and V2G adaptive lighting
2011-2014 Strategic Plan: http://www.its.dot.gov/standards_strategic_plan/stds_strat_plan.pdf
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ITE
Institute of Transportation Engineers
Selected by DOE EnergyStar to write specifications for LED traffic signal indicators
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/eligibility/traffic_elig.pdf
Now working on EnergyStar electrical service cabinet specifications
Will begin discussion about EnergyStar street and roadway lighting in the near future
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IES Roadway Lighting Committee
Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls under development
Main working groups:
IES RLC Energy Management Committee
IESRLC Adaptive Lighting Task Group
Replaces the Guide for Selection of Photoelectric controls
Includes discussion of controls for Adaptive Lighting
Expected release end of year 2011
Chairman – Norm Dittman, PLC Multipoint
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IMSA
International Municipal Signal Association
CEU courses being developed
Roadway Lighting Technician
Roadway Lighting Specialist
Include Adaptive Lighting & ITS NTCIP 1213 discussions
Further courses under discussion
58

The Model Lighting Ordinance
The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Joint Task Force are developing a Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) to address the need for strong, consistent outdoor lighting regulation. The second draft of the MLO was open to public comment from 24 June - 23 August 2010 and is now undergoing final revisions.
http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=622
ITS NTCIP Smart Grid compliant systems will ensure the MLO is applied
Beginning to be codified in city, county, state statutes
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US DOE picks NTCIP 1213
SMART GRID -- In September 2009, the NTCIP 1213 was included in the "NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards," released at the Washington, DC "GridWeek." In 2010, NTCIP 1213 ELMS was hosted on a secure ANSI website for review by FERC, NARUC, the Smart Grid Architecture Cmte, and other organizations.
ELMS equipment is a telemetry-based remote monitoring and control system for highway lighting. ELMS can be a tool for lowering costs, improving maintenance management, implementing lighting curfews, and increasing safety. Although different providers of ELMS equipment have their own sets of features and interfaces, the NTCIP 1213 standard creates a common set of features and functionality, and defines the points of interoperability.
More Here: http://www.ntcip.org/library/standards/default.asp?documents=yes&standard=1213 and here:
http://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/ygs/G14663NEMA_Nxtbook2/index.php?startid=21#/22
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Transportation Bill – Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee chaired by John Mica R-FL
Substantial Smart Grid / Adaptive Lighting text via ITS NTCIP 1213 ELMS text in draft bill
Smart Communities Bill
Substantial Smart Grid / Adaptive Lighting text via ITS NTCIP 1213 ELMS text in draft bill
Other Bills pending
ITSA Lobbying – Paul Feenstra
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Summarizing Convergence
Business, Political, Technological and Standards Development efforts are driving the public electrical infrastructure into a new reality, a new ecosystem.
In the past the streetlight was a standalone device, in the future it will be impacted by
many issues not resident on the pole, on the street, or from the power source.
Similarly the meter was a standalone device, it too will be part of an integrated Smart Grid
New devices, from electric vehicle charging stations to distributed generation sources will be integrated.
This presents a challenge and an opportunity for those progressive organizations that
are both able to see the future and willing to embrace the future.
The US Department of Transportations Intelligent Transportation Standard NTCIP 1213 will be the application that unites these systems
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Questions?
Jim Frazer
jfrazer@surfnetworks.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/jfrazer
954 309 9514
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Intelligent Transportation Systems , The Smart Grid And Your Electrical Infrastructure

by Jim Frazer on Aug 01, 2011

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Intelligent Transportation Systems , The Smart Grid And Your Electrical Infrastructure Presentation Transcript