På vei ut av gutenbergparentesen: lesaren i ei elektronisk verd

(på vei ut av gutenbergparentesen?) leseren i en elektronisk verden Jill Walker Rettberg /førsteamanuensis i digital kultur/uib Neptunseminaret / 21. januar 2009 (CC) wilhei55 -- http://flickr.com/photos/wilhei/109404349/

Gutenbergparentesen – en kort og atypisk periode i verdenshistorien “ The Gutenberg Parenthesis” - Tom Pettitt, MIT5-konferansen, Mai 2007. http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit5/papers/pettitt_plenary_gutenberg.pdf ..men fortsatt normen for skoler, bibliotek, kulturpolitikk osv re-creative collective con-textual unstable traditional sampling remixing borrowing reshaping appropriating recontextualzing original individual autonomous stable canonical ( ) PERFORMANCE COMPOSITION PRE-PARENTHETICAL POST-PARENTHETICAL GUTENBERG PARENTHESIS

Eksempel fra før Gutenberg: Commedia dell’arte Bildet er tatt av Diego Galli og er fra teaterstykket Hypocrités , Teatro belli, 10 juli, 2006. (CC) http://flickr.com/photos/50461467@N00/219167298/ [gjenskape, kollektivt, kontekstuelt, ustabilt, tradisjoner]

Innenfor Gutenberg-parentesen: Ibsen og andre forfattergenier

Verket er:

Individuelt

Originalt

Autonomt

Stabilt

Del av kanon

Bildet er tatt av Cory Doctorow (CC) http://flickr.com/photos/doctorow/1442565/

Overgangsfenomen – elektronisk litteratur selges som en bok afternoon, a story av Michael Joyce ISBN 1-884511-01-5 Macintosh eller Windows US$ 25.00

Etter Gutenberg…

Sampling

Remixing

Lån

Omskaping

Rekontekstualisering

Remixer video, taler, bilder… http://www.flixya.com/video/1755390/Obama_Girl_%2B_Obama_Duet!

“ War President” av Joe, som skriver på bloggen American Leftist http://amleft.blogspot.com/archives/2004_04_01_amleft_archive.html#108112087436221697

Teknologiske endringer fører til endringer i kulturen vår (og omvendt)

Trykkekunsten

Et folk som bruker og skaper deltagende medier Nettet Et folk som kan lese og skrive 2005: 57% av amerikanske tenåringer “create, share and navigate social media”; 20% remixer andres innhold inn i sine egne produksjoner (http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/166/report_display.asp) (70-90% av europeere kan lese og skrive på slutten av 1700-tallet)

Dette endrer kanskje også forholdet mellom individet og verden?

Trykkekunst

Web Lesing/ skriving Deltagende medier Skillet kollapser: individet er del av et nettverk Skille offentlig/privat etableres

Young man reading

http://flickr.com/photos/jorgeq82/262569606/ by JorgeQuinteros Creative Commons licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

Å lese innenat ... the increasingly common practice of silent reading, which fostered a solitary and private relation between the reader and his book , were crucial changes, which redrew the boundary between the inner life and life in the community. Roger Chartier : The Practical Impact of Writing

(hysj!) Between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as growing numbers of people learned to read, new ways of reading became popular. The most novel of these (..) was private reading in a quiet place away from other people, which allowed the reader to engage in solitary reflection on what he or she read. This privatization of reading is undeniably one of the major cultural developments of the early modern era. Roger Chartier: The Practical Impact of Writing

“ The library is a place to retreat to, a place from which the world can be seen - but the reader remains invisible.” Chartier, The Practical Impact of Writing , s. 130. http://flickr.com/photos/veskul/423099103/

Kanskje ikke nå lenger? Bergen Folkebibliotek: http://www.bergen.folkebibl.no/kikkhullet/kikkut.html

Lesing er ikke lenger anonymt

Det vi skriver kan også brukes på måter vi ikke tenkte på

The solitude of writing is a solitude without which writing could not be produced, or would crumble, drained bloodless by the search for something else to write. Marguerite Duras, Writing . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ http://flickr.com/photos/cherryvega/71484729/ Tenker vi fortsatt på skriving som nå som skjer alene?

Writing is a solipsistic operation In composing a text, in “writing” something, the one producing the written utterance is also alone. Writing is a solipsistic operation . Walter Ong , Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. 1983. Page 116.

Writing girls http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ http://flickr.com/photos/hand-nor-glove/179558293/ by “This Year’s Love”

Nettverks-medier: sosiale? ensomme? http://www.flickr.com/photos/kk/171399267/ - Creative Commons licence - by kk+

Er dette en annen form for skriving enn det å skrive romaner? One thing that was immediately clear to me, from the first blog, is that this is not an activity, for me, that can coexist with the writing of a novel . In some way I only dimly apprehend, it requires too much of the same bandwidth (yet never engages anything like the total *available* bandwidth). But, definitely, the ecology of novelization and the ecology of blogging couldn't coexist, for me. It would be like trying to boil water without a lid . Or, more like it, trying to run a steam engine without a lid. ( I wonder if that would be the case for a native of the blogosphere -- for whom, as Lou Reed once said of heroin addicts, "the needle is a toothbrush"? Maybe not.) William Gibson in his blog, 13 April, 2003 . http://www.williamgibsonbooks.com/archive/2003_04_13_archive.asp William Gibson

Så for å oppsummere: verden er i endring. Tom Pettitt, MIT5 conference, May 2007. http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit5/papers/pettitt_plenary_gutenberg.pdf re-creative collective con-textual unstable traditional sampling remixing borrowing reshaping appropriating recontextualzing original individual autonomous stable canonical ( ) PERFORMANCE COMPOSITION PRE-PARENTHETICAL POST-PARENTHETICAL GUTENBERG PARENTHESIS

Hvis gutenbergparentesen er over – hvordan vil vi at bibliotekene våre skal være? http://flickr.com/photos/veskul/423099103/

(takk for meg!) Les mer på bloggen min jill/txt http://jilltxt.net