December 4 SDForum Java Sig Presentation

Jonathan Abrams SDForum Java SIG December 4, 2007 Building High-Traffic Java-Based Web Applications

Popular Languages for Web Apps
Ruby/RoR
Hot & trendy!
Many small web 2.0 startups
Unknown scalability (Twitter)
PHP
Facebook, Friendster, Yahoo
Proven and very popular
No connection pooling?
Page-oriented, not usually MVC?
Maintainability?
Python
Has its fans (Yelp, YouTube?), somewhat similar to Ruby?
Less common than Ruby or PHP

Java Misconceptions
Overly complicated
No longer relevant
Doesn’t scale as well as PHP
Strongly typed is bad/hard vs. Ruby/PHP
Takes more code and more time
Cannot rapidly prototype

Tim Bray - Nov 2006 “Comparing Frameworks”
“ For Web apps, I’ve given PHP the edge, because I think building scalable PHP is a little easier . By default, PHP gives you a “shared-nothing” (or at least “shared very little”) architecture, which means you’re going to scale out pretty well until your database hits the wall. Java is a much richer system and assumes you’re smart enough to know whether a shared-nothing architecture is appropriate or not. The effect is, you have to be smarter to get the same kind of scaling out of Java.”

Java Realities
Very mature and proven
Excellent performance (fast JVM/JIT)
Scales fine unless you use it wrong (sessions, large heaps)
Powerful and flexible
Cross-platform
Server, client, desktop, mobile, etc.

Java Realities
Strong typing can actually be a big help (plus JSP/EL handles type conversions and you can also use Object or polymorphism)
You can write quick spaghetti code in JSP!
JSP is great for rapid prototyping, modified JSPs are automatically recompiled in development
J2EE and breadth of Java technologies and frameworks IS complicated!

Ruby on Rails vs. Java?
Groovy/Grails
JRuby
Object/relational mapping (Hibernate?)
Code by convention (servlet mapping via servlet filter, instead of controller servlet or web.xml?)

Who is using Java?
Social Networks
(Friendster)
Bebo
Hi5
Tagged
Tickle
Classmates.com
Events
eVite
MeetUp
Socializr
Involver

Who is using Java?
E-Commerce
Air Canada
Bank of America
Bestbuy.com
Billboard.com
Blue Nile
Citysearch
DICE
DirecTV
Fedex
Hallmark.com
Hertz
Startups
Daily Candy
Feedburner
Indeed.com
Instructables
Jaxtr
Kaboodle
Like.com
LinkedIn
Mint
Ning
Zillow
Hotwire
Kayak
Kodak/Ofoto
Macy's
NY Times
Shutterfly
Snapfish
Stamps.com
Staples.com
Ticketweb
Vault.com
Walgreens.com

J2EE vs. POJO J2EE The standard for developing multitier enterprise applications POJO Plain Old Java Object

Web App Frameworks Struts An open source framework for building Servlet/JSP based web applications based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm WebWorks WebWork is a Java web-application development framework Struts2 Apache Struts 2 is an elegant, extensible framework for creating enterprise-ready Java web applications. Apache Struts 2 was originally known as WebWork 2 Spring Framework Spring is a layered Java/J2EE application framework with a flexible MVC web application framework Maverick Maverick is a Model-View-Controller (aka "Model 2") framework for web publishing using Java and J2EE. In principle it combines the best features of Struts, WebWork, and Cocoon2

More Frameworks JSF JavaServer Faces technology is a framework for building user interfaces for web applications Facelets An alternative view technology for building JSF applications Tapestry Tapestry is an open-source framework for creating dynamic, robust, highly scalable web applications in Java Velocity The Apache Velocity Engine is a free open-source templating engine. Velocity permits you to use a simple yet powerful template language to reference objects defined in Java code. Tiles Apache Tiles is a templating framework built to simplify the development of web application user interfaces. Tiles grew in popularity as a component of the popular Struts framework. It has since been extracted from Struts and is now integrated with various frameworks, such as Struts 2 and Shale. Shale Shale is a modern web application framework, fundamentally based on JavaServer Faces

Even More Frameworks Seam JBoss Seam is a powerful new application framework for building next generation Web 2.0 applications Helma Helma is an open source web application framework for fast and efficient scripting and serving of your websites and Internet applications. Wicket With proper mark-up/logic separation, a POJO data model, and a refreshing lack of XML, Apache Wicket makes developing web-apps simple and enjoyable again Rife Full-stack open-source component framework to quickly and consistently develop and maintain Java web applications

Yet More Frameworks jMaki (GlassFish) jMaki is an Ajax framework that provides a lightweight model for creating JavaScript centric Ajax-enabled web applications using Java, Ruby, PHP, and Phobos XMLC XMLC is a presentation technology that provides an object-oriented mechanism for creating dynamic content from static HTML and XML documents Grails Grails aims to bring the "coding by convention" paradigm to Groovy. It's an open-source web application framework that leverages the Groovy language and complements Java Web GWT Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open source Java development framework that lets you escape the matrix of technologies that make writing AJAX applications so difficult and error prone.

Object/Relational Mapping
Hibernate
JDO
TopLink (Oracle -> GlassFish)
iBatis ( XML-based Object/Relational mapping and persistence framework) ibatis.apache.org

Ancient History of Servlets
1999 – HotLinks (social bookmarking)
Apache JServ, Solaris, Oracle
Servlets writing HTML - ouch
2002 – Friendster
JSP 1.0, Tomcat, MySQL
Java mixed with HTML
Servlets
No tag files

JSP/Servlets Today
2006 – Socializr
JSP 2.0
JSTL/EL
Tag files written in JSP, SimpleTagSupport, functions, beans
Servlets
Documentation and support of JSP 2.0/JSTL/tag files poor compared to PHP/ruby/etc.
Scriptlets required to access Java constants from JSPs

Servlet/JSP Technologies
JSP pages
JSP fragments
EL
JSTL
.tag files
Tag classes
functions
servlets
beans
Complicated but powerful/flexible

Socializr Java Architecture

JSP vs. Servlet? Tag class or function Reusable non-UI code JSP HTML email templates Servlets REST APIs Servlets with ROME RSS feeds Java classes (beans) Data classes and DAOs Tag file Reusable UI component Servlet Logic, modify DB JSP Web page, HTML

Hi5 and Bebo Examples
Hi5
JSP
Struts
iBatis
some Spring libraries
Bebo
No frameworks
JSP
Simple in-house MVC
Memcached
No hibernate

Servlet Containers
Past
Tomcat
Jetty
Resin
Future
Tomcat
Grizzly (NIO front-end to Glassfish)

How to scale a webapp
Lightweight non-sticky sessions
Cache almost everything (memcached)
Decouple slow processes from webapp
Segment the database (don’t use replication to scale)
Scale out not up (innovate on your app, not your infrastructure)

Session Management
Use simple lightweight sessions, store in centralized location that can be volatile (memcached at Socializr)
9F6077E3322B4E24C90C43178F42B9C0FFD1E4A43AED1BCA –> 656280029
Keep other user data in cache or cookies
Avoid sticky sessions, keep load balancing simple
Don’t use built-in Servlet/JSP sessions

Evite Session Management

Caching
Use memcached, don’t invent your own
Put a large memcached instance on every webapp node
Don’t cache inside JVM
Cache almost everything but think of your expiration strategy and invalidation rules

Performance Tuning
JRat - jrat.sourceforge.net
Example: JSTL FormatDate
Other cool tools: Lambda Probe, FindBugs

Java Technologies
Apache commons: DBCP (Connection Pooling), HttpClient, File Upload
Connector/J (MySQL JDBC driver)
Memcached Java client
JMagick (poorly documented) (not JAI)
JDOM (for APIs) and StAX (for SolrJ) (XML parsing)
ROME (RSS)
JavaMail (SMTP and POP)
Quartz (scheduling)
Apache XML-RPC
SolrJ
JMS

Thank You
[email_address]
www.socializr.com/jobs

December 4 SDForum Java Sig Presentation

by jhabrams on Dec 05, 2007

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December 4 SDForum Java Sig Presentation — Presentation Transcript