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The door, the wind, the bird and the valise,[object Object],By Jason Hobbs ,[object Object],Affiliated Researcher at the University of Johannesburg’s Research Centre Visual Identities in Art and Design,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
Acknowledgments:,[object Object],This presentation is an adaptation of the paper “Maturing A Practice” by Jason Hobbs, Terence Fenn and Andrea Resmini currently under peer-review by the Journal of Information Architecture. ,[object Object],The idea for the paper began at a break away session at the 2009 Euro IA Summit (with Hobbs, Resmini and Eric Reis) for the colloquium On Making: Integrating Approaches to Practice-Led Research in Art and Design at the University of Johannesburg under the auspices of the Research Centre. ,[object Object]
For the purposes of this presentation, user experience design is an umbrella term for a variety of practices (including but not limited to information architecture, interaction design, information design, interface design), applied user-centered research methods and an iterative design process involving users, collectively employed in the design of digital artefacts, products and services. ,[object Object]
Discipline,[object Object],& Practice,[object Object]
Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
A doctor, lawyer or,[object Object],architect,[object Object],Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
Medicine,[object Object],A doctor,[object Object],Healing,[object Object]
Researcher,[object Object],Discipline,[object Object],Practice,[object Object],Role,[object Object]
Theoretical Research (research for knowledge),[object Object],- Usually in the realm of academia,[object Object],- Infrequently practiced in agencies and commercial spaces ,[object Object],- With validated knowledge as the end product,[object Object],- Usually in the public domain,[object Object]
Practitioner ,[object Object],Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
Applied research (research for design),[object Object],- Usually in the realm of practice,[object Object],- Performed in agencies and commercial spaces,[object Object],- With a designed artefact in mind as the end product,[object Object],- Usually ‘hidden’ in private domains ,[object Object]
Interestingly, the same research techniques can and are often applied. ,[object Object],Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
A practice offers an ordered arrangement of activities and action without emphasising theoretical concerns.,[object Object],Activities and actions are driven by know-how.,[object Object],Practice emphasises the production of effective artefacts.,[object Object]
A practice offers an ordered arrangement of activities and action without emphasising theoretical concerns.,[object Object],Activities and actions are driven by know-how.,[object Object],Practice emphasises the production of effective artefacts.,[object Object],A Discipline contains practice, discourses, predispositions and institutional facts ,[object Object],Activities and actions are driven by scientific method and a current body of knowledge,[object Object],Discipline emphasises the production of new knowledge,[object Object]
A discipline provides a framework for and results in a system of orderly behavior. A discipline includes,[object Object],A community of scholars; ,[object Object],A body of accepted and codified knowledge; ,[object Object],A mode of inquiry that produces new knowledge, ,[object Object],A validation process for new knowledge entering the discipline; ,[object Object],The existence of methods of communication,[object Object]
Where are we?,[object Object]
In Pisa. ,[object Object],At a community gathering. ,[object Object],As part of a community of practice. ,[object Object]
Our community of practice is comprised of know-how, discussions, definitions and opinions expressed largely via organic Internet-based mediums such as email lists, personal blogs and personal or company websites, a handful of how-to books and public conferences. ,[object Object]
Without knowledge, our practice is led by opinion. ,[object Object]
http://www.flickr.com/photos/boltron/4329185089/in/pool-explainia/,[object Object]
Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
However, UX is making a huge impact on projects and organizations internationally. ,[object Object],The field is growing because of its particular relevance to digital product design (and the radical impact of the growth of the World Wide Web and mobile). ,[object Object],The field is also growing because the practice of UX offers results that improve the effectiveness of products and experiences. ,[object Object],UX makes companies money. ,[object Object]
The user-centered focus of UX, its multi-disciplinary nature and specific techniques and methods applied find it in application in multi-channel projects (for Service Design) and in use by Design Thinking.,[object Object],By any other name, the reach of this practice is increasing at an exponential rate.  ,[object Object]
What’s the problem?,[object Object]
Good food.,[object Object],Good drinks. ,[object Object],Good company. ,[object Object],Good conversation.,[object Object],Good content.  ,[object Object]
When we leave this conference we remain ,[object Object],lone-wolves. ,[object Object],And this condition is more than a social one. ,[object Object]
When required to justify our role within a company or to clients there is no larger body of (validated, accepted, scientific) knowledge to appeal to. ,[object Object]
And where can I learn UX?,[object Object],Where is the accreditation?,[object Object],Where is the consensus?,[object Object],Where is the validation?,[object Object],Where is the credibility?,[object Object],Where is the critical debate?,[object Object],Where is the codification of knowledge?,[object Object],Where is the progression of knowledge?,[object Object],Where is the support?,[object Object],Where are the thought leaders for knowledge?,[object Object],Where does business find verification?,[object Object],Where are the ethics?,[object Object],Where are the standards?,[object Object]
The personal development of the designer, one’s personal growth path or journey, is also affected by the lack of Discipline. ,[object Object]
The personal development of the designer, one’s personal growth path or journey, is also affected by the lack of Discipline. ,[object Object],How do I judge my own work? ,[object Object],Beyond answering a client brief, how have I taken my own understandings and practice forward? ,[object Object],Is my work good or bad? ,[object Object],What is my next step as a designer (not just as an employee or provider of services)? ,[object Object]
The broader threat,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
UX is multi-disciplinary. We’ve been surviving off this inheritance.,[object Object],},[object Object],Library science,[object Object],Knowledge management ,[object Object],Information science,[object Object],Visual design (graphic design / fine arts),[object Object],Information design,[object Object],Human-computer interaction,[object Object],Industrial design,[object Object],Way finding / town planning,[object Object],Ergonomics / human factors,[object Object],Marketing,[object Object],Branding,[object Object],Business & economics ,[object Object],Art history Psychology,[object Object],Anthropology,[object Object],Ethnography,[object Object],Statistics,[object Object],User experience design,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
And an abundance of knowhow. ,[object Object],But very little knowledge. ,[object Object]
We’ve also been surviving because user experience design really does solve business problems.,[object Object]
An emerging consciousness ,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
"Does IA push any bounds beyond client concerns? Is there any artful or conceptual pursuit in the discipline that's not based on solving the immediate problem?,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
In the closing plenary of the 2009 IA Summit in Memphis, Tennessee, Jesse James Garrett called for the need for a ‘language of critique’,[object Object]
Klyn’s retort,[object Object]
Saffer: http://www.kickerstudio.com/blog/2008/12/the-disciplines-of-user-experience/ ,[object Object]
IA Summit Consortium on Research & Practice ,[object Object],(2009 / 2010),[object Object],IA Summit consortium on research and practice (REG-iA, Research & Education Group in Information Architecture),[object Object],The discussion will cover:,[object Object],Is IA a field, a discipline, a craft, etc?,[object Object],Maturing IA as a practice-led field and the role of research.,[object Object],Methodologies and theoretical frameworks in research and practice,[object Object]
There are no less than 3 talks at this years IA Summit in Phoenix addressing these issues. ,[object Object],The Practice of Information Architecture: It takes a village of practitioners to raise a discipline (Nathaniel Davis),[object Object],The Commoditization & Fragmentation of the Information Architecture Community (Nick Finck),[object Object],Bridging IA Research and Practice (Instone & Resmini),[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The benefits of a discipline,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and,[object Object],absorbed,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be,[object Object],collected and stored,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be collected and stored,[object Object],Knowledge can be accessible and,[object Object],widespread,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be collected and stored,[object Object],Knowledge can be accessible and widespread,[object Object],Opinion can be accepted as insightful and,[object Object],valuable or debunked,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be collected and stored,[object Object],Knowledge can be accessible and widespread,[object Object],Opinion can be accepted as insightful and valuable or,[object Object],debunked,[object Object],Practice can be explained against,[object Object],established rules and conventions,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be collected and stored,[object Object],Knowledge can be accessible and widespread,[object Object],Opinion can be accepted as insightful and valuable or,[object Object],debunked,[object Object],Practice can be explained against established rules and,[object Object],conventions,[object Object],The values in our practice can become,[object Object],measurable,[object Object]
Know-how can be validated and absorbed,[object Object],Established facts and practices can be collected and stored,[object Object],Knowledge can be accessible and widespread,[object Object],Opinion can be accepted as insightful and valuable or,[object Object],debunked,[object Object],Practice can be explained against established rules and,[object Object],conventions,[object Object],The values in our practice can become measurable,[object Object],Levels of expertise can be established for,[object Object],skills and qualifications,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise,[object Object]
Research codifies what practice generates. ,[object Object]
Research codifies what practice generates.,[object Object],Practice generates artefacts.  ,[object Object]
We need to start looking more closely at what our artefactsmean.,[object Object]
We need to start looking more closely at what our artefactsmean.,[object Object],This is achieved through research.,[object Object]
Practice-led research,[object Object]
In ‘Practice-led Research’ the artefact has a central position in the academic research process ,[object Object]
Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object]
Discipline,[object Object],Role,[object Object],Practice,[object Object],ARTEFACT,[object Object]
Practice-led research is a ‘self-reflexive’ form of research.,[object Object],The designer provides a rigorous critical analysis of their work, positioning it within broader research paradigms.,[object Object],Articulation of the processes involved in making the product of research form an important part of the research findings.,[object Object],Articulation and dissemination of the research findings takes place both through the product of making and established academic means; these are seen as dialogical and interrelated.,[object Object]
Practice-led research could help us to analyse our artefacts to identify and unearth knowledge and begin to reconstitute them under a new disciplinary framework.,[object Object],PLR is an academic method that can help us look at our work differently, as the producers of these artefacts. ,[object Object],It can help us to find meaning.,[object Object]
PLR could help us to create the shift from know-how to knowledge. ,[object Object]
What does this mean for us?,[object Object]
We are attempting to describe a practicing designer that is concerned with the underlying theoretical foundations of their work in addition to the work itself. ,[object Object],This is nothing new. For centuries artists have been interested in this. ,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
It is not uncommon in many fields for practitioners to: ,[object Object],Document their work for theoretical purposes,[object Object],Test theory in practice ,[object Object],Develop theory through practice,[object Object],To function within and without of academic institutions (teach and or research),[object Object],To participate in discourses,[object Object],We find this in fine art, architecture, law, medicine…,[object Object]
Given how busy we are, this may seem like a tall order, and not all designers are interested in academic research.,[object Object],But some are. ,[object Object]
And we’re half way there already.  ,[object Object]
There is overlap in the UX and practice-led research methods,[object Object]
“The designer provides a rigorous critical analysis,[object Object],of their work, positioning it within broader research,[object Object],Paradigms” ,[object Object],We already do research,[object Object]
“Articulation of the processes involved in making the,[object Object],product of research forms an important part of the,[object Object],research findings” ,[object Object],We have a method of design,[object Object]
“Articulation and dissemination of the research findings,[object Object],takes place both through the product of making and,[object Object],established academic means; these are seen as,[object Object],dialogical and interrelated” ,[object Object],We produce artefacts,[object Object]
IDEO Method Cards,[object Object]
There is an opportunity to identify, explore and make explicit the context in which the immediate ‘framed problem’ exists. This could be methodological, historical, cultural, economic, geographic, ethical, etc. ,[object Object],Our research, by its very nature, bleeds into this broader context but our current practice places no emphasis on these relationships. ,[object Object],A wealth of potential knowledge could be unearthed, documented and made visible. ,[object Object]
Visualvocab-ucd-process:http://scmdev/ue,[object Object]
Self reflective documenting of process tends not to extend beyond a project post mortem or case study (if they are created at all). ,[object Object],And these kinds of documents do not form part of the ‘act of making’ but rather are bolted onto the end of a project. ,[object Object],The space of documenting-while-designing, recording learning’s, feelings, meanings, decisions, measuring effectiveness and documenting contextual factors while on a project could provide a wealth of knowledge for the practicing community and could provide greater validation of the methods, tools and techniques of the field.   ,[object Object]
The door, the wind, the bird and the valise
Artifacts become the locus of the research: we share research-for-design (which is different to sharing research-for-business). ,[object Object],Given the broadening of the research context at the start of our process, the breadth of the output expands too. This makes it easier to avoid issues of intellectual property and confidentiality. ,[object Object]
How far will this get us?,[object Object]
A broad uptake of PLR will assist us in the production of knowledge. ,[object Object],But this is not all that is required for the creation of a discipline. ,[object Object]
We’ll also need to create a framework for:,[object Object],The identification of drivers for the production of new knowledge (including financial) ,[object Object],A community of scholars to communicate and collaborate,[object Object],Methods of communication (scholar to scholar; scholar to practitioner; practitioner to scholar),[object Object],Agreed methods and terms for the codification of knowledge,[object Object],Agreed modes of enquiry and validation for the production and acceptance of knowledge,[object Object],Validation of knowledge available as inheritance from related disciplines (e.g. psychology, anthropology, etc),[object Object],Identification of current and required discourses,[object Object],A 'home' for institutional facts and the current body of knowledge and discourse,[object Object]
Wrap up,[object Object]
In summary, could practice-led research help us to:,[object Object], ,[object Object],Create scientifically driven, research-based knowledge ,[object Object],Provide practitioners with an approach to academic research ,[object Object],Facilitate a supply and demand for a structure to emerge, progressing us from practice-led to discipline-led,[object Object]
And could this effort help us to grow and broaden in our personal development as designers through our own creation of knowledge? ,[object Object]
Practice informing knowledge which informs practice. ,[object Object]
Thanks,[object Object],jason@humanexperiencedesign.net,[object Object]

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The door, the wind, the bird and the valise

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Editor's Notes

  1. Mature discipline have these elements functioning together in collaboration
  2. Mature discipline have these elements functioning together in collaboration
  3. A practitioner can function outside of and without discipline
  4. We are practice-led; functioning in the absence of discipline
  5. This was the conference where web 2.0 (flickr and YouTube) showed how engineers were devising way more innovative IA paradigms than IA’s themselves. The IA community’s panic over this kind of resulted in the formation of the IXDA and quite severe splintering of the community.
  6. Four years later, the same discussion persists
  7. We’ve been surviving of the inheritance of fields that make user experience design multi-disciplinary
  8. More formal examples of institutionalization are starting to emerge, such as the Information Architecture Institute and the Interaction Design Association. Published thought leaders exist but many do not self-identify as user experience designers (for example, David Weinberger).Specialist publishers like O’Reilly and Rosenfeld Media are printing for practitioners but these are not ‘academic’ or scientific publications. Perhaps the most significant development of late has been the creation of the peer-reviewed Journal of Information Architecture.
  9. Magritte was interested in exploring what representation means in fine art. The back drop to this was a period where artists, designers and philosophers were acknowledging the things in the world could have multiple means. A horse for one person could be a door for another.
  10. The application of the Golden Ratio spans ancient times, Islamic, Buddhist and Western traditions. Is is observable in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Romantic periods through to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, De Stijl, Modern and Post Modern movements. It is even found in contemporary music.
  11. The application of the Golden Ratio spans ancient times, Islamic, Buddhist and Western traditions. Is is observable in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Romantic periods through to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, De Stijl, Modern and Post Modern movements. It is even found in contemporary music.
  12. The application of the Golden Ratio spans ancient times, Islamic, Buddhist and Western traditions. It is observable in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Romantic periods through to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, De Stijl, Modern and Post Modern movements. It is even found in contemporary music.
  13. The application of the Golden Ratio spans ancient times, Islamic, Buddhist and Western traditions. Is is observable in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Romantic periods through to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, De Stijl, Modern and Post Modern movements. It is even found in contemporary music.
  14. The application of the Golden Ratio spans ancient times, Islamic, Buddhist and Western traditions. Is is observable in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Romantic periods through to Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, De Stijl, Modern and Post Modern movements. It is even found in contemporary music.
  15. The boundaries of our research tend to exist in the ‘brief’, the framed design problem. This framing is exactly what is required by the designer to create effective, meaningful and appropriate, outcomes-based solutions.
  16.  e.g. SBSA multi-channel enterprise wide UX design framework
  17. Companies or individuals will have well established design methods and processes that they follow. In some cases these companies and people will experiment with method and process. More often than not, when there are time, resource and budgetary constraints, methods and processes will be amended or written uniquely for the needs of a project. The extent to which our methods and process are documented, validated and shared tends not go further than project plans (project budgets and other management tools).
  18. PLR requires dissemination of research findings. In addition to academic texts as output of the research process there are other accepted forms: exhibitions, books, teaching modules, presentations…Often the research artefact is a part of the art work or design project (planned from the start).
  19. Dissemination of findings and outcomes is controversial 1) both because there have been numerous calls from within the UX community for opinion leaders and community leaders to validate their opinions in reference to their own work and 2) because of the inherent intellectual property and confidentiality issues that we find in commercial projects.