Marine Reserve Galicia (May07)

The development of a marine reserve in Galicia Juan Freire Recursos Marinos y Pesquerías Universidade da Coruña A workshop on the strategies for stock enhancement of clawed lobsters IGAFA, Galicia, 29-31 May 2007

Objetives of the marine reserve

Process of project development. A bottom-up approach

Experimental approach to management

Monitoring the performance of the marine reserve

Future?. Scaling up a management approach based in marine reserves

LIRA CEDEIRA

Coastal ecosystems in Galicia: Multiples uses, multiple perturbations

Management systems in Galician fisheries (until 1990-) Government Legal

Surveillance

In charge of surveillance

Punishment

Effort: gears, closed seasons, minimum sizes (sexes, ovigeorus females)

[Captures: daily quotas per vessel/fisher]

Technical regulations Scientific Knowledge Top-down Autonomous government

Decision-making

Flows

Institutions

Government No access restrictions Property rights COMMAND-AND-CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS

Management systems in Galicia for some invertebrate fisheries (“recursos específicos”) Fishers + Government Social (+ legal)

Surveillance

In charge of surveillance

Punishment

Effort: minimum sizes, seasons

Captures: TACs (using daily quotas per fisher and total annual effort)

Rotations

Technical regulations Traditional (+ scientífic) Knowledge Bottom-up Fishers’ organizations

Decision-making

Flows

Institutions

Communitary (territories) Access limits Property rights COMMUNITY-BASED CO-MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

COFRADÍA DE LIRA-CARNOTA MARINE RESERVE OF OS MIÑARZOS

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MARINE RESERVE OF OS MIÑARZOS

DRIVERS. October 2003

Biological crisis due to over-exploitation affecting the artisanal fleet of the fishers’ organization (Cofradía de Pescadores) of Lira-Carnota. Marine reserves are an alternative?

Success of the new community-based management systems implemented for some shellfisheries. Why not to expand to artisanal fleets and mobile resources?

Previous experience in the development of projects to improve the status of the fishing sector. Active collaboration with research groups. Lonxanet , Mar de Lira , Fishing tourism, …

OBJETIVES OF THE MARINE RESERVE

Restoration of over-exploited stocks

“ Troyan horse” for a change in the fishery management system :

Limiting effectively access

Introducing territorial users’ rights for fishers

Moving from command-and-control to co-management

Some future scenarios ?:

From community-based to market-based mechanisms (individual transfereable quotas)

Finnancial support derived from the reserve activity

IDEA AND PROPOSAL DEVELOPED BY THE FISHERS’ ORGANIZATION

Workshops with fishers, scientists, governement officiers and NGOs, …

Working group including organization leaders, fishers and scientists

Discussions and decission-making carried out at the general assembly of the organization

FINAL PROPOSAL OF THE FISHERS’ ORGANIZATION. 2006

Implemented officially in April 2007 as a

“ Marine Reserve of fishery interest”

ZONING :

No-take reserves : nursery habitats

Marine protected area :

increases in minimum sizes,

new quotas for main resources,

fleet census (future access restriction)

Open-access areas : “business-as-usual”

No-take zones (79 Ha N + 61 Ha S) MPA (2074 Ha) Open-access

AN ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT APPROACH. OS MIÑARZOS AS AN EXPERIMENT NO-TAKE RESERVES MPA OPEN-ACCESS AREAS Spillover? Spillover? ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR COASTAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR COASTAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Only spillover from no-take reserves to MPAs RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE Both spillovers (from no-take reserves to MPAs and from MPAs to open access areas) RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE

MONITORING SYSTEM

Assessment of the pre-reserve status of stocks and acosystems

Monitoring key parameters related to fishing performance, stock status and biodiversity:

BACI framework

Before / After + Control / Impact (reserve)

Development of infraestructure of geographical, environemntal and fishery data to be implemented in a Geographical Information System

HIDROACUSTIC MAPPING OF BENTHIC HABITATS

Acoustic surveys

HIDROACUSTIC MAPPING OF BENTHIC HABITATS

Data analysis to map functional habitats in a GIS

BIODIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE AND COMMUNITY ESTRUCTURE OF BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Sampling design:

Before / After + Control / Reserve

VEGETATION AND DEMERSAL ASSEMBLAGES

Census and mapping using scuba diving.

Now, automatic videocameras and autonomous vehicles

MACROBENTHIC BIODIVERSITY

Faunal samplings using suction pumps

MACROBENTHIC BIODIVERSITY

Faunal samplings using suction pumps

MAPPING BENTHIC VEGETATION Area (%) Station Z2 Station Z2 Station C1 Station C2

DEMERSAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES Density (ind. / m 2 ) Census stations

MONITORING FISHING ACTIVITY

Fishery data :

Effort, captures, spatial location

Continuous GPS tracks

Daily data for each vessel and tow

Complimentary data from landings

Collaboration between fishers and scientists

Information from fishers

Onboard observers

Traditional ecological knowledge

Integrating information in a GIS

OBJETIVE: Analysis of reserve efect on captures and fleet distribution:

Spillover from no-take reserves

Spillover from marine protected area

Field observations

Mapping fishing effort

SMALL VESSELS

MEDIUM VESSELS

LARGE VESSELS

DEVELOPMENTN OF A GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

Infraestructure of cartographic data : bathymetry, topography, satellite images, aerial photography, …

Environmental information : oceanography, benthic habitat mapping, biotic communities, …

Fishery information [monitoring]: spatial and temporal distribution of captures and effort

Tool for information management

Assessment of regulations (especially, reserve effect)

Support for discussions and decision making

FUTURE?. SCALING UP A MANAGEMENT APPROACH BASED IN MARINE RESERVES 1. ALTERNATE MODELS FOR COASTAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE ?

2. NEW ONGOING PROJECTS BORN FROM THE INTEREST OF OTHER FISHERS ORGANIZATIONS. The case of CEDEIRA Proposal of no-take zones Shellfish grounds