Website Accessibility and Usability

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    Website Accessibility and Usability - Presentation Transcript

    1. Website Accessibility and Usability LIS 7470 – Group 2 Joseph Anteau ← Keith Bridge ← Emily Nowack -> Judith Solomon -> Jessica Walker
    2. Overview – What are we talking about?
      • “ Accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate and interact with the Web and that they can contribute to the Web.
      • -- World Wide Web Consortium
        • “ Usability refers to how well users can learn and use a product to achieve their goals and how satisfied they are with that process.”
        • -- Usability.gov
    3. Accessibility is defined by the user.
      • Users can have different kinds of disabilities:
        • Permanent
          • Color blindness
        • Gradual
          • Effects of aging on sight and hearing
        • Temporary
          • Broken arm that precludes typing
        • Situational
          • Standing up to give a presentation
    4. Accessibility is defined by the user.
      • What if we:
        • Let the user control fonts and font sizes?
        • Limit pop-ups?
        • Offer closed captions for audio and video?
        • “ Increased accessibility for users with disabilities almost always leads to improved usability for all users.”
        • --J. Nielsen
    5. Usability allows for differences among users and their environments.
      • Hardware
      • Software
      • Networks
      • Browsers
      • Currency of content
        • Information in databases
      • International audiences
        • Language
        • Systems of measurement
        • Money
        • Time
      • “ We’re thinking ‘great literature’ (or at least ‘product brochure’), while the user’s reality is much closer to ‘billboard going by at 60 mph’.”
      • --S. Krug, Don’t Make Me Think
    6. What does this have to do with Information Architecture?
      • Information architecture balances between the creator’s purpose/goals and the users to determine how space is structured.
      • Usability balances factors like
        • user satisfaction
        • ease
        • tolerance of errors
        • (all of which are weighted by the creator’s purpose/goals. )
    7. Website Accessibility
    8. What is accessibility?
      • Website accessibility is the action taken by web designers and developers to ensure that a web site is available and user-friendly for wide variety of users.
      • Web sites should be designed to ensure that everyone can use them and use them correctly.
    9. Who is affected?
      • People affected include:
        • Those with physical limitations, such as visual, auditory, physical, cognitive, or neurological disabilities
        • Those with mental or environmental conditions that limit their performance
        • Those with technology limitations
    10. Who is affected?
      • 1 in 5 people in the United State that have some kind of disability.
      • An estimated 30 million people are impacted by inaccessible computer and software design and the number of people with disabilities has increased 25% in the last decade. (www.usabilityfirst.com)
      • Knowing this, it is easy to see that accessibility in web site design needs to be thought of as an integral and vital part of a web site.
      • It is important to note that by designing a website to be accessible for those with a disability, we are helping them to utilize that web site more thoroughly.
    11. Why is web accessibility important?
      • Designing a web site that is universally accessible to all people means that that the number of people that view the web site will increase.
      • Most web sites want people to use them, so it’s important to design them so that people can use them.
      • This is ideal for web sites that sell a product or want people to be able to utilize the site.
    12. Why is web accessibility important?
      • In 1996 the Department of Justice determined that the Americans with Disabilities Act also applies to web pages.
      • The Telecommunications Act of 1996 includes legislation to enforce standards in converging technology, wireless communications, and emerging technology.
    13. Federal Accessibility Standards
      • All United States Federal Government Web sites must now comply with Section 508 Federal Accessibility Standards
      • Section 508 sets forth many provisions and rules that governmental web sites must follow in order to be accessible to the people using the web site.
      • Using guidelines and rules to design an accessible web site helps to create a uniform design for web sites in general.
    14. General Principles and Guidelines
      • To view the most up-to-date principles and guidelines, visit the World Wide Web Consortiums’ page on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 .
      • Overall, web design needs to be thought of in terms of accessible design.
        • Ensure a graceful transformation
          • Separate structure from presentation (understand the difference between content, structure, and presentation).
          • Provide text (text is available to almost all browsing devices and very accessible).
          • Create documents that work even if the user can’t see or hear. Provide multiple means of the same information in different formats.
    15. General Principles and Guidelines
        • Make content understandable and navigable
          • This includes making language clear and simple, and providing clear mechanisms for navigation and orientation.
            • Not all users can utilize visual clues and image maps or graphics. The design must include additional orientation information to ensure the site is accessible for all.
    16. General Principles and Guidelines The guidelines are meant to be helpful for those designing a web site. Content developers should consider these different factors during page design to ensure that their web sites are designed so that more people can access their site.
    17. Web accessibility conclusion
      • Overall, it is important to think about accessibility when designing a web site.
      • It should be an integral piece of web architecture.
      • Designing a web site for a diverse audience with increase the number of people who can ultimately use your site
    18. An Extra Helping of Information
      • There are several additional guidelines around to help a web designer to make a web site accessible.
        • Research-based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
        • Section 508 Standards
    19. Website Usability
    20. What is usability?
      • Usability is the measurement of how well a user can access and get what they need from a website, CD-ROM, or software application.
        • Was the user able to meet their goals?
        • How much difficulty was there in the process?
      • Usability is defined by how well and satisfactorily a user is able to achieve their goals.
    21. What does usability measure?
      • Ease of learning
      • How long does it take for a novice user to learn how our interface operates?
      • Efficiency of use
      • How easily can someone who knows the interface to accomplish their task.
      • Memorability
      • How easily can a user remember how it all operates the next time they use it.
      • Error Rate
      • What errors are being made and how often?
      • Are the errors something that we can do something about?
      • Subjective Satisfaction
      • Do the users enjoy using our interface?
    22. Why is usability important?
      • There are millions of web sites out there that all contain the same information.
      • To make your website stand out and get more traffic it is imperative to make it the easiest to use with a high user success rate.
      • If a website is not user friendly then it will not be visited by the users.
    23. How to create a user-friendly website
      • There are several questions that you must ask when developing a website:
      • What are your agency's primary business objectives and how do they relate the Web?
      • Who are the users of your Web site?
      • What are your users' tasks and goals?
      • What information do your users need, and in what form do they need it?
      • What functions do your users want from the Web site?
      • How do users think your Web site should work?
      • What are your users' experience levels with the Web site?
      • How can the design of your Web site facilitate users' cognitive processes?
      • What hardware and software will the majority of your users use to access your site?
    24. How to create a user-friendly website
      • Steps in planning:
      • collect data from users
      • develop prototypes
      • write content
      • conduct usability testing with users
    25. How to measure usability
      • You must measure:
      • Effectiveness
      • Efficiency
      • Satisfaction
      • Ease of learning
      • Memorability
      • Error frequency and severity
      • Data to collect:
      • Success rates
      • Time used to complete the task
      • How many pages on the site do the users visit before finding what they need?
      • How easy are the pages to find on the site?
    26. Benefits to a highly usable system
      • Increase in productivity
      • Increase in customer satisfaction
      • Increase in sales and revenues
      • Reduction of development time and costs
      • Reduction in maintenance costs
      • Reduction in training and support costs
    27. Professional Organizations
      • ACM SIGCHI - Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction - the premier organization for HCI and usability professionals and researchers.
      • Usability Professionals' Association - another organization aimed primarily at practitioners
      • Usability Special Interest Group - Society for Technical Communication
      • Usability’s Professional Association - The UPA supports those who promote and advance the development of usable products, reaching out to people who act as advocates for usability and the user experience.
    28. Useful Links
    29. Excellent Websites about Accessibility and Usability
      • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – Usability.gov
      • About the site:
      • “ Usability.gov is the primary government source for information on usability and user-centered design. It provides guidance and tools on how to make Web sites and other communication systems more usable and useful.”
      • World Wide Web Consortium
      • About the site:
      • “ The World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) commitment to lead the Web to its full potential includes promoting a high degree of usability for people with disabilities. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) develops its work through W3C's consensus-based process, involving different stakeholders in Web accessibility. These include industry, disability organizations, government, accessibility research organizations, and more.”
    30. Excellent Websites about Accessibility and Usability
      • Website Tips
      • About the site:
      • This website has many links to websites, articles, and books about usability.
      • Usability News
      • About the site:
      • “ Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) . The SURL team specializes in software/website user interface design research, human-computer interaction research, and usability testing and research.” 
      • Website Usability : Research and Case Studies
      • About the site:
      • This journal deals with issues of usability in a library setting.
      • Accessible XHTML and CSS Web Sites : Problem - Design – Solution
      • About the site:
      • Chapter 6 is about accessibility and creating web pages.
    31. Excellent Websites about Accessibility and Usability
      • Dead-links.com
      • About the site:
      • This website has a free tool that checks for dead links.
      • Cogentis
      • About the site:
      • This website has a free online website accessibility test. Also, it offers website marketing strategies for a fee.
      • University of Arizona – Testing Your Website for Accessibility
      • About the site:
      • This website has tips to manually check your website and has links to other tools to use to check your website.
    32. See our website for more details!
      • This presentation was brought to you by the
      • LIS 7470 Group #2. Members include:
      • Joseph Anteau
      • Keith Bridge
      • Emily Nowack
      • Judith Solomon
      • Jessica Walker

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