Colonial Religion Chesapeake New England Middle Atlantic

Chesapeake

New England

Middle Atlantic

The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther 1517 Against Catholic doctrine Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther

1517

Against Catholic doctrine

Protestant Reformation

John Calvin - 1536 Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion God all-powerful and all-good Humans weak and sinful (original sin) Predestination

Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion

God all-powerful and all-good

Humans weak and sinful (original sin)

Predestination

King Henry VIII Broke with Roman Catholic Church Made himself head of Church of England Act stimulated total purification of English Christianity

Broke with Roman Catholic Church

Made himself head of Church of England

Act stimulated total purification of English Christianity

Jamestown, Va. Primogeniture Joint-stock companies Looking for gold/wealth John Smith John Rolfe – tobacco

Primogeniture

Joint-stock companies

Looking for gold/wealth

John Smith

John Rolfe – tobacco

Religion in Virginia Church of England – tax supported Church administered relief to poor Secular (not church) criteria for franchise (vote) Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1701 an Anglican missionary organization

Church of England – tax supported

Church administered relief to poor

Secular (not church) criteria for franchise (vote)

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1701

an Anglican missionary organization

Maryland: Catholic Haven Founded by Lord Baltimore Catholic Act of Toleration-1649

Founded by Lord Baltimore

Catholic

Act of Toleration-1649

Coode’s Rebellion -1689 John Coode raised an army against Maryland's Catholic leaders Protestants took over colony

John Coode raised an army against Maryland's Catholic leaders

Protestants took over colony

New England Colonies Puritans Separatists Angry that saints must share church with doomed

Puritans

Separatists

Angry that saints must share church with doomed

Mayflower - 1620 landed in Plymouth Bay Became squatters Area outside Virginia Company

landed in Plymouth Bay

Became squatters

Area outside Virginia Company

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth - 1630 Royal charter to form Massachusetts Bay Company Claimed to not want to separate from Church of England, only its impurities

Royal charter to form Massachusetts Bay Company

Claimed to not want to separate from Church of England, only its impurities

Mayflower Compact agreement to form a body politic and submit to will of majority promise of self-government

agreement to form a body politic and submit to will of majority

promise of self-government

Governor John Winthrop “ City Upon a Hill”

“ City Upon a Hill”

Building the Bay Colony Not a democracy Purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws Only “visible saints ” freemen Applied to believer and nonbeliever

Not a democracy

Purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws

Only “visible saints ” freemen

Applied to believer and nonbeliever

Congregational Church Tax supported Self-governing congregationalism Political control in hands on “saints”

Tax supported

Self-governing congregationalism

Political control in hands on “saints”

Trouble in The Bible Commonwealth Quakers persecuted with fines, floggings, and banishment

Quakers persecuted with fines, floggings, and banishment

Anne Hutchinson - 1638 accused of heresy claimed holy life no sure sign of salvation and that truly saved need not bother with law of either God or man said she had direct revelation from God

accused of heresy

claimed holy life no sure sign of salvation and that truly saved need not bother with law of either God or man

said she had direct revelation from God

Roger Williams Challenged charter of Bay Colony Land taken from Indians without fair compensation Clergymen should make clean break with Church of England

Challenged charter of Bay Colony

Land taken from Indians without fair compensation

Clergymen should make clean break with Church of England

Pamphlet on religious liberty Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior Williams went to Rhode Island and built first Baptist church in 1635

Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior

Williams went to Rhode Island and built first Baptist church in 1635

The Rhode Island “Sewer” No oaths regarding one’s religious beliefs No taxes to support state church Sheltered Quakers and other exiles

No oaths regarding one’s religious beliefs

No taxes to support state church

Sheltered Quakers and other exiles

New England Spreads Out - 1635-1638 Connecticut River valley- Dutch and English- found Hartford Puritans led by Thomas Hooker

Connecticut River valley- Dutch and English- found Hartford

Puritans led by Thomas Hooker

Life in New England Towns Expansion was orderly Land grant given by legislature

Expansion was orderly

Land grant given by legislature

Town composed of Meetinghouse Village green Schools required for towns of more than fifty families

Meetinghouse

Village green

Schools required for towns of more than fifty families

Education Old Deluder Satan Law required schools for towns of more than fifty families literacy needed in order to read the Bible Harvard College - 1639

Old Deluder Satan Law

required schools for towns of more than fifty families

literacy needed in order to read the Bible

Harvard College - 1639

Meetinghouse Used for both church and town meetings

Used for both church and town meetings

Democracy Puritan Congregation Church government Town meeting leads to political liberty

Puritan Congregation Church government

Town meeting leads to political liberty

The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials

Half-Way Covenant Superstitions Unsettled social and religious conditions Unconverted children of members baptism not full membership

Superstitions

Unsettled social and religious conditions

Unconverted children of members

baptism

not full membership

Salem Witch Trials

The New England Way of Life Poor soil led to hard work people less ethnically diverse frugality essential

Poor soil led to

hard work

people less ethnically diverse

frugality essential

Life in New England Towns Expansion was orderly Land grant given by legislature

Expansion was orderly

Land grant given by legislature

Town composed of Meeting house Village green Schools required for towns of more than fifty families

Meeting house

Village green

Schools required for towns of more than fifty families

Democracy Puritan Congregation Church government Town meeting leads to political liberty

Puritan Congregation Church government

Town meeting leads to political liberty

The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials

Half-Way Covenant Superstitions Unsettled social and religious conditions Unconverted children of members baptism not full membership

Superstitions

Unsettled social and religious conditions

Unconverted children of members

baptism

not full membership

Salem Witch Trials

The New England Way of Life Poor soil led to hard work people less ethnically diverse frugality essential

Poor soil led to

hard work

people less ethnically diverse

frugality essential

Middle Atlantic Old Netherlanders at New Netherland – 1624 Dutch East India Company New Amsterdam (New York)

Old Netherlanders at New Netherland – 1624

Dutch East India Company

New Amsterdam (New York)

Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors Wall Street Peter Stuyvesant Log cabin

Wall Street

Peter Stuyvesant

Log cabin

Dutch Residues in New York Left imprints - Harlem, Brooklyn, architecture, Santa Clause, Easter eggs, sleighing, waffles

Left imprints - Harlem, Brooklyn, architecture, Santa Clause, Easter eggs, sleighing, waffles

Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn in 1681 Quakers refused to support Church of England with taxes took no oaths refused warfare military service

Founded by William Penn in 1681

Quakers refused to support Church of England with taxes

took no oaths

refused warfare military service

Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors

Liberal Pennsylvania Freedom of worship no restrictions on immigration death penalty only for treason and murder no black slavery

Freedom of worship

no restrictions on immigration

death penalty only for treason and murder

no black slavery

Pennsylvania mix of ethnic groups exported grain New Jersey Delaware

mix of ethnic groups

exported grain

New Jersey

Delaware

The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Delaware New Jersey New York

Middle Colonies Exported grain Rivers important fur trade water wheel power seaports Ethnically and religiously mixed

Exported grain

Rivers important

fur trade

water wheel power

seaports

Ethnically and religiously mixed

Religious toleration Anglicans Quakers Dutch Reformed Puritans Lutherans

Anglicans

Quakers

Dutch Reformed

Puritans

Lutherans