Ionic Compounds

IONIC COMPOUNDS By Ken Costello

+ _ battery compass Coil of wire + _ What’s an ion? Let’s find out…

+ _ battery compass Coil of wire Copper Chloride + _ Switch is open. Nothing happening yet.

+ _ battery compass Coil of wire Copper Chloride If copper atoms are going to the negative side, what charge do they have? What about the chlorine atoms? + _

+ _ battery compass Coil of wire Copper Chloride + + + + Since the atoms wandered towards each side, let’s call them IONS from the Greek word, ion, meaning wanderer . + _

+ _ Copper Chloride CuCl 2 + + + Also, since the positive side of a battery is called the anode (way up) , we’ll call ions that go towards it anions . + + + + + Since the negative side of a battery is called the cathode (way down) , we’ll call ions that go towards it cations . anode anode cathode cathode + _ Anions Cations

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 VIIA VIIIA Naming compounds by taking a metal from groups 1A, 1B, or 1C , and combining with a non-metal .

Understanding how ions react to other elements will help in naming compounds or coming up with formulas for the compounds.

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +1 +2 +3 2e - 3p + 4p + Li Be B 5p + 6p + C VIIA VIIIA How do you know the charge? +4 -4

IA IIA IIIA VIA VIIA VA IVA +4 VIIIA +1 +2 +3 -2 -1 -3 -4 0 2e - N O F 7p + 8p + 9p + 10p + Ne 8e - Na 11p +

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 2e - 4p + Be -2 -1 -3 0 +2 2e - F 9p + -1 VIIA VIIIA

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 VIIA VIIIA 2e - 4p + Be +2 2e - F 9p + -1 2e - F 9p + -1

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 BeF 2 VIIA VIIIA Berylium Fluoride Be +2 F -1 F -1

For ionic compounds with a metal from group 1A, 2A, & 3A place the metal first and name it first. The non-metal is put last and named last. The number of metals or non-metals is depends on how many it takes to balance the charges. +1 +2 -2 -1 -3 IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA VIIA VIIIA

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 Al +3 Cl -1 AlCl 3 VIIA VIIIA Aluminum Chloride Cl -1 Cl -1 Al +3 Cl -1

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 Fe +3 O -2 Fe 2 O 3 VIIA VIIIA O -2 O -2 Fe +3 O -2 Fe +3 Fe Fe O O O

The following two slides show how polyatomic ions would combine. This will help you with naming compounds that contain polyatomic ions.

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 Zn +2 NO 3 -1 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 VIIA VIIIA Zinc = +2 NO 3 -1 NO 3 -1 Zn +2 O N O O Zn O N O O

IA IIA IIIA VIA VA IVA +4 +1 +2 +3 -4 -2 -1 -3 0 Fe +3 SO 4 -2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 VIIA VIIIA Iron=+3 Now called Iron(III) sulfate SO 4 -2 SO 4 -2 Fe +3 Fe +3 SO 4 -2 O O S O O O O S O O Fe O O S O O Fe