BCS Sussex – Workshop Community action for Climate Change and Carbon management – 17 Sept 2008 Greening Public Sector ICT Bob Crooks – Green ICT lead for Defra

Why are these issues important..? Climate Change => warming, disasters(fires and floods), loss of biodiversity, less to go round Population growth, 2000 to 2030 of 2.2billion, of which 2.0billion likely to be located in cities* 5 billion people consume 20% and 1 billion consume 80% (Ericsson) => we need 2.5 planets to bring everyone up to the US/EU levels of living => energy, food and resource costs will rise => “we have to do more with less” ( Buckminster-Fuller ) > energy > resources > emissions *“World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision”, www.unpopulation.org *“World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision”, www.unpopulation.org

Climate Change => warming, disasters(fires and floods), loss of biodiversity, less to go round

Population growth, 2000 to 2030 of 2.2billion, of which 2.0billion likely to be located in cities*

5 billion people consume 20% and 1 billion consume 80% (Ericsson)

=> we need 2.5 planets to bring everyone up to the US/EU levels of living

=> energy, food and resource costs will rise

=> “we have to do more with less” ( Buckminster-Fuller )

> energy

> resources

> emissions

*“World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision”, www.unpopulation.org

*“World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision”, www.unpopulation.org

Greening the UK UK government has a Kyoto target to reduce greenhouse gases by 60% by 2050 (Climate Change Bill) UK annual CO 2 emissions = 560 million tonnes of which => 22mtonnes from ICT => 4% and this is growing And ICT is an increasingly important contributor to Carbon emissions in the UK => the footprint for computer usage now exceeds that for the UK aircraft industry and this is growing Government is largest ICT spender in UK: some £12b per annum Departmental Estate targets (SOGE) 12.5% carbon reduction by 2011, and carbon neutrality by 2012 Highly critical SDC 2007 report on depts progress Environmental Audit Committee => IT a significant contributor to growth in HMG energy consumption

UK government has a Kyoto target to reduce greenhouse gases by 60% by 2050 (Climate Change Bill)

UK annual CO 2 emissions = 560 million tonnes of which => 22mtonnes from ICT => 4% and this is growing

And ICT is an increasingly important contributor to Carbon emissions in the UK => the footprint for computer usage now exceeds that for the UK aircraft industry and this is growing

Government is largest ICT spender in UK: some £12b per annum

Departmental Estate targets (SOGE)

12.5% carbon reduction by 2011, and carbon neutrality by 2012

Highly critical SDC 2007 report on depts progress

Environmental Audit Committee

=> IT a significant contributor to growth in HMG energy consumption

Total non-domestic energy consumption of UK ICT products- (Defra MarketTransformation Programme (MTP) consultation paper) TeraWattHrs/yr 2008 2020 2000 Do nothing Reasonable investment Earliest Best Practice

The response ...pressure on UK HMG & industry UK Government’s sustainable procurement action plan identified computing as an area for urgent consideration. HMG strategy includes Carbon neutrality by 2012 for ICT in use Carbon neutrality by 2020 across the ICT lifecycle Local Authorities required to indicate how they plan to contribute to the national energy saving target of 9% by 2017. => Pressure on HMG and LA suppliers

UK Government’s sustainable procurement action plan identified computing as an area for urgent consideration.

HMG strategy includes

Carbon neutrality by 2012 for ICT in use

Carbon neutrality by 2020 across the ICT lifecycle

Local Authorities required to indicate how they plan to contribute to the national energy saving target of 9% by 2017.

=> Pressure on HMG and LA suppliers

MINISTERS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS WANT TO IMPROVE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF IT ACROSS GOVERNMENT Gillian Merron MP Cabinet Office John Suffolk UK Government CIO “ We have a responsibility to set a positive example on the environment, so I am asking our IT leaders to work with industry to find new ways to improve the sustainability of government computer systems...” “ There is real potential to deliver sustainable IT that also costs less and provides better results for users. New technologies can help to reduce energy consumption and allow more flexible working…” Source: Cabinet Office; Disposal Services Agency “ Environmental sustainability is not an option – it is a necessity. …We have a compelling and ever more urgent duty of stewardship to take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity and social fabric depends. So the new synthesis we need is that economic growth, social justice and environmental care advance best when they all advance together.” Gordon Brown, April 2006

Leading to ... Chris Chant (Defra CIO) appointed as lead CIO for Greening ICT Setting up of the CTO Green ICT Development Unit(GDU) Refresh of Quick Wins around EPEAT and ECMA criteria HMG Green ICT Strategy

Chris Chant (Defra CIO) appointed as lead CIO for Greening ICT

Setting up of the CTO Green ICT Development Unit(GDU)

Refresh of Quick Wins around EPEAT and ECMA criteria

HMG Green ICT Strategy

HMG Green ICT Strategy.... Targets/outcomes Aligned with existing SOGE targets (neutrality for travel & estates) Department Action plans and targets Practical actions (top tips), best practice repositories Corral investments, build Quick Wins – more sectors and criteria CIOs to lead For longer term widen scope to seek carbon neutrality across the ICT lifecycle from production to disposal and seek to address other environmental and key social issues Practical top tips => 18+ with a key 5 areas for action Extend lifecycles Single device per employee Active power management Reduce printing Increase average server capacity utilisation

Targets/outcomes

Aligned with existing SOGE targets (neutrality for travel & estates)

Department Action plans and targets

Practical actions (top tips), best practice repositories

Corral investments, build Quick Wins – more sectors and criteria

CIOs to lead

For longer term widen scope to seek carbon neutrality across the ICT lifecycle from production to disposal and seek to address other environmental and key social issues

Practical top tips => 18+ with a key 5 areas for action

Extend lifecycles

Single device per employee

Active power management

Reduce printing

Increase average server capacity utilisation

Some dates for HMG... Carbon neutral for ICT in use by January 2012 Carbon neutral for ICT lifecycle by January 2020 Getting started... By January 2009 IT purchases to include new ‘Quick Wins’ / OGC’s CESP advice By December 2009 Demonstrate how ICT is helping reduce emissions across the department By January 2010 Report on progress towards carbon neutrality See http://www.cio.gov.uk/greening_government_ict/index.asp

Carbon neutral for ICT in use by January 2012

Carbon neutral for ICT lifecycle by January 2020

Getting started...

By January 2009

IT purchases to include new ‘Quick Wins’ / OGC’s CESP advice

By December 2009

Demonstrate how ICT is helping reduce emissions across the department

By January 2010

Report on progress towards carbon neutrality

Story so far for Defra ICT.... Completed practical actions Printer refresh 50% reduction, and 50% of remaining printers are MFDs, duplex printing , global print service Switch-off campaigns Standby modes for printers and monitors Replacement of CRTs with flat screens IP portable v/conferencing(IP to IP, ISDN gateway nearly ready!) VPN for using wired Home Broadband Webmail allowing use of non-Defra device eg home PC Follow-me telephony Disposal => only 3% to landfill Completed a first cut assessment of Defra’s ICT carbon footprint 1/3 rd office + 1/3 rd local infrastructure + 1/3 rd data centres

Story so far for Defra ICT....

Completed practical actions

Printer refresh 50% reduction, and 50% of remaining printers are MFDs, duplex printing , global print service

Switch-off campaigns

Standby modes for printers and monitors

Replacement of CRTs with flat screens

IP portable v/conferencing(IP to IP, ISDN gateway nearly ready!)

VPN for using wired Home Broadband

Webmail allowing use of non-Defra device eg home PC

Follow-me telephony

Disposal => only 3% to landfill

Completed a first cut assessment of Defra’s ICT carbon footprint

1/3 rd office + 1/3 rd local infrastructure + 1/3 rd data centres

Defra’s IT footprint IBM Data Spaces – 39% Defra Work Spaces - 28% Defra Data Spaces – 33%

First cut IBM assessment of Defra’s Carbon footprint p.a.: Total Defra Estates footprint of 64 ktonnes CO 2 Total Defra Travel footprint of 12 ktonnes CO 2 Total Defra/IBM footprint of 10 ktonnes CO 2 (around 14% of Estates/Travel emissions) Key messages Too many small data rooms Significant range of energy consumption by device

Total Defra Estates footprint of 64 ktonnes CO 2

Total Defra Travel footprint of 12 ktonnes CO 2

Total Defra/IBM footprint of 10 ktonnes CO 2

(around 14% of Estates/Travel emissions)

Key messages

Too many small data rooms

Significant range of energy consumption by device

And exercising more! ... balance consumption in all three IT spaces: => attack the 14% and reduce power consumption By eating less! => tackle the 86% e.g. less official travel, less paper The Challenge of neutrality......

=> attack the 14% and reduce power consumption By eating less! The Challenge......

HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions PCs & Laptops Remove active screensavers Switch monitors to standby Shut down PCs after office hours Enable active power management on desktops (standby / hibernate after a defined period of inactivity) Ensure reduce and re-use of equipment that is no longer required but is still serviceable Specify low-power consumption CPUs and high-efficiency Power Supply Units (80% conversion or better) Apply Thin Client technology

HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions (Defra position) PCs & Laptops Remove active screensavers – done it Switch monitors to standby - - partially Shut down PCs after office hours - – done it Enable active power management on desktops (standby / hibernate after a defined period of inactivity) – done it Ensure reduce and re-use of equipment that is no longer required but is still serviceable - – done it Specify low-power consumption CPUs and high-efficiency Power Supply Units (80% conversion or better) - done it Apply Thin Client technology ....... done it for RPA (desk work) but laptops for core Defra(mobility)

A renewed Defra.... Choice of laptop over PC and Thin Client saving 60% energy per PC user (RPA chosen Thin Client to meet ‘at desk’ requirements) Energy Star 4 rated laptop VISTA power management settings Implement single device policy from 1.25 devices/employee to 1.05, for 7,500 staff Server virtualisation – 120 file servers to 12 Other tools Sharepoint for team sites OneNote for note taking Comms options include 3G, VPN through Broadband and WIFI, Webmail Disk encryption, wire locks, secure lockers, desk sockets

A renewed Defra....

Choice of laptop over PC and Thin Client saving 60% energy per PC user (RPA chosen Thin Client to meet ‘at desk’ requirements)

Energy Star 4 rated laptop

VISTA power management settings

Implement single device policy from 1.25 devices/employee to 1.05, for 7,500 staff

Server virtualisation – 120 file servers to 12

Other tools

Sharepoint for team sites

OneNote for note taking

Comms options include 3G, VPN through Broadband and WIFI, Webmail

Disk encryption, wire locks, secure lockers, desk sockets

Moving to laptops 8,500 staff RenewIT laptop in use saves 70% over previous desktop total saving pa of nearly 0.6 ktonne CO 2 Moving to single device additional saving of 0.15 ktonne CO 2 Total of approx 0.75 ktonne CO 2 VISTA Power Management facilities But only 10% of the total ICT estimated footprint ...need to do more!

8,500 staff

RenewIT laptop in use saves 70% over previous desktop

total saving pa of nearly 0.6 ktonne CO 2

Moving to single device

additional saving of 0.15 ktonne CO 2

Total of approx 0.75 ktonne CO 2

VISTA Power Management facilities

But only 10% of the total ICT estimated footprint

HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions Other office ICT Equipment Apply timer switches to non-networked technology and printers Set default green printing including duplex and grey scale Optimise power-saving sleep mode on printers Printer consolidation Device consolidation

HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions (Defra position) Other office ICT Equipment Apply timer switches to non-networked technology and printers( partially ) Set default green printing including duplex ( done it ) grey scale( not yet) Optimise power-saving sleep mode on printers ( partially ) Printer consolidation( partially ) Device consolidation( done it )

Footprint study – Other Office IT It is recommended that deployment of desktop extension leads should be considered to facilitate easier unplugging of equipment - underway Investigate whether the printer ratio could be reduced currently 1 printer shared between 14 staff - trial underway of 1:40 Reduce the brightness setting of PC monitors by 25%, could deliver a 6-watt power reduction, without any perceptible drop in the quality of the display output. office network equipment utilisation should be a target for further analysis and optimisation all power management features should be enabled as standard on all printing devices, laptops, fax machines and desktops.

It is recommended that deployment of desktop extension leads should be considered to facilitate easier unplugging of equipment - underway

Investigate whether the printer ratio could be reduced currently 1 printer shared between 14 staff - trial underway of 1:40

Reduce the brightness setting of PC monitors by 25%, could deliver a 6-watt power reduction, without any perceptible drop in the quality of the display output.

office network equipment utilisation should be a target for further analysis and optimisation

all power management features should be enabled as standard on all printing devices, laptops, fax machines and desktops.

Data Rooms..? 70 Firewalls 111 comms hubs 1,430 Intel servers 173 Unix servers 167 storage arrays IBM assets deployed on-site across Defra Network (excludes the 2 IBM data centres – Sampson House/Global Crossing)

70 Firewalls

111 comms hubs

1,430 Intel servers

173 Unix servers

167 storage arrays

Footprint study – Data Rooms Data Space(servers and network equipment) the short-term aim should be to reduce the energy consumed in the smallest data spaces by investigating means of reducing the facilities power overhead (air conditioning etc.) and by increasing the number of servers in the physical space. In the longer term, consideration should be given to closing down the smaller data spaces and consolidating the server load into a few, large, data spaces. The further use of virtualisation techniques should be examined to reduce the growth in servers and the associated increase in power demands.

Data Space(servers and network equipment)

the short-term aim should be to reduce the energy consumed in the smallest data spaces by investigating means of reducing the facilities power overhead (air conditioning etc.) and by increasing the number of servers in the physical space.

In the longer term, consideration should be given to closing down the smaller data spaces and consolidating the server load into a few, large, data spaces.

The further use of virtualisation techniques should be examined to reduce the growth in servers and the associated increase in power demands.

HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions Data Centres Server Optimisation Storage virtualisation & capacity management Convert existing physical servers to “virtual servers” Turn off servers outside their service level agreement, Create “virtual servers” instead of procuring physical new servers. Implement a multi-tiered storage solution Reduce cooling in the data centre Remove unused capacity (servers and data disks) Specify power conversion efficient Power Supply Units Ensure re-use of equipment Data centre audit

Server Optimisation

Storage virtualisation & capacity management

Convert existing physical servers to “virtual servers”

Turn off servers outside their service level agreement,

Create “virtual servers” instead of procuring physical new servers.

Implement a multi-tiered storage solution

Data Centre Utilisation Server utilisation 45% 30% 20% Source: Computacentre Data Centre Utilisation Server utilisation Processor utilisation => 55% into power and cooling => 40% into supply/fans.. => 5% into active processor The Data Centre...

Opportunities to eat less... Additional savings from Data Centre IBM reduction of file servers from 120 to 12 Move to ‘Vault’ will provide significant gains through compression

Additional savings from Data Centre

IBM reduction of file servers from 120 to 12

Move to ‘Vault’ will provide significant gains through compression

And exercising more! => tackle the 86% e.g. less official travel, less paper The Challenge......

Carbon neutrality? A balanced account of inputs and outputs We’ve cut to minumum our inputs so need to tackle the outputs What’s allowed Off-setting actions

A balanced account of inputs and outputs

We’ve cut to minumum our inputs so need to tackle the outputs

What’s allowed

Off-setting actions

And exercise more... Why print... ? Why so many face to face meetings... ? Why still come to the office...? Make your laptop do the work!

Why print... ?

Why so many face to face meetings... ?

Why still come to the office...?

Why Print? Meetings laptop, OneNote, handling many windows! projectors to share material, get better switching Reading different presentation modes add notes, set up tasks on screen Team working Sharepoint sites Personal quotas? and...?

Meetings

laptop, OneNote, handling many windows!

projectors to share material, get better switching

Reading

different presentation modes

add notes, set up tasks on screen

Team working

Sharepoint sites

Personal quotas?

Why so many face to face meetings...? Equipment Speakerphones, line connections that work Data points, WIFI Portable IP v/conferencing devices HS BC has installed desktop video conferencing units & reduced air travel by 25%; Alternatives Webinars Teleconferences Sharepoint/Web discussion groups and...?

Equipment

Speakerphones, line connections that work

Data points, WIFI

Portable IP v/conferencing devices

HS BC has installed desktop video conferencing units & reduced air travel by 25%;

Alternatives

Webinars

Teleconferences

Sharepoint/Web discussion groups

Why still come to the office...? Recent survey findings: “ My manager expects me to be in the office” Meetings are organised without taking on board flexible working patterns Do not trust home access services, Broadband, 3G etc Home space issues Benefits Save commuting time Save office space Change the culture => you have now have the choice!

Recent survey findings:

“ My manager expects me to be in the office”

Meetings are organised without taking on board flexible working patterns

Do not trust home access services, Broadband, 3G etc

Home space issues

Benefits

Save commuting time

Save office space

Change the culture => you have now have the choice!

The 8 Big Levers – Getting to Zero… 10K 5K 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 Data Centres Server Consolidation and Virtualisation Application Rationalisation Storage Printers End User Behaviours & Leadership ‘Balance’ through IT enabled New Ways of Working ‘Offset’ through Renewables Target Savings 500 2000 200 2000 100 300 3000 2000 N.B. These Nos. are very rough guestimates at this stage. Data Comms and Voice Network have not been explored yet.

N.B.

These Nos. are very rough guestimates at this stage.

Data Comms and Voice Network have not been explored yet.

Operating IT device Production Disposal Re-use Heat Power And then the whole lifecycle !

Operating IT device Production Disposal Re-use Heat Power Power Materials Waste Transport Packaging RoHS Reg Power Energy suppliers Equipment behaviours Air Conditioning Equipment cooling NGOs Charities Silver surfers Components Recycle Burn, landfill.. WEEE regs And then the whole lifecycle !

Operating IT device Production Disposal Re-use Heat Power Power Materials Waste Transport Packaging RoHS Reg Power Energy suppliers Equipment behaviours Air Conditioning Equipment cooling NGOs Charities Silver surfers Components Recycle Burn, landfill.. WEEE regs And then the whole lifecycle !

‘ It takes a new way of thinking to solve the problems that we created by the old way of thinking’

‘ You must be the change you seek in others’