Weather and Climate A Course for S1

Weather Elements 1. Temperature 2. Precipitation 3. Wind Speed 4. Wind Direction 5. Cloud Cover 6. Cloud Type 7. Visibility 8. Air Pressure

1. Temperature

2. Precipitation

3. Wind Speed

4. Wind Direction

5. Cloud Cover

6. Cloud Type

7. Visibility

8. Air Pressure

How do we measure the weather ? Temperature Precipitation Air Pressure Wind Speed Wind Direction Cloud Type Cloud Cover Visibility Max & Min. Thermometer Rain Gauge Barometer Anemometer Wind Vane Observation Observation Observation

The Stevenson Screen Characteristics It is white It has slatted sides It has a double roof It is on stilts Its door opens northwards

Characteristics

It is white

It has slatted sides

It has a double roof

It is on stilts

Its door opens northwards

Name all of the following instruments

What type of cloud is this ? Found at high altitudes - CIRRUS

What type of cloud is this ? They rise to very great heights and are associated with thunderstorms - CUMULONIMBUS

What type of cloud is this ? Often known as fair-weather clouds - CUMULUS

What type of cloud is this ? Fog-like cloud near the ground - STRATUS.

An interesting website http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/gcsebitesize/geography/weather_and_climate/elements_of_weather_rev.shtml#cloud

http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/gcsebitesize/geography/weather_and_climate/elements_of_weather_rev.shtml#cloud

What is the difference between weather and climate ? WEATHER is about day to day changes in the atmosphere. It includes changes in temperature, rainfall, sunshine & wind) CLIMATE is the average or typical weather of a place worked out over a long period of time. We know that in Britain it gets cold in the winter and warm in the summer. This is climate. But we don't know if it is going to be warm tomorrow or not. This is the weather.

WEATHER

is about day to day

changes in the

atmosphere. It includes changes in temperature, rainfall, sunshine & wind)

CLIMATE

is the average or typical weather of a place worked out over a long period of time.

Microclimate Differences in TEMPERATURE are due to : Hills - make the climate cooler Trees - also make the climate cooler Water - also cools down the surrounding area Type of Surface - a dark surface is warmer than a light surface Buildings - may give off heat Aspect - south-facing slopes are warmer - WHY ?

Differences in TEMPERATURE are due to :

Hills - make the climate cooler

Trees - also make the climate cooler

Water - also cools down the surrounding area

Type of Surface - a dark surface is warmer than a light surface

Buildings - may give off heat

Aspect - south-facing slopes are warmer - WHY ?

Microclimate (continued) Differences in wind speed are affected by : Hills - hilltops are windier Water areas - produce more wind Buildings - generally reduce wind speed but can channel winds and increase their speed Trees, hedges and walls - reduce wind speed over a short distance

Differences in wind speed are affected by :

Hills - hilltops are windier

Water areas - produce more wind

Buildings - generally reduce wind speed but can channel winds and increase their speed

Trees, hedges and walls - reduce wind speed over a short distance

United Kingdom – Rainfall Figures Look at the map of rainfall figures for the United Kingdom Which area is the wettest ? Which area is the driest ?

Look at the map of rainfall

figures for the United

Kingdom

Which area is the wettest ?

Which area is the

driest ?

United Kingdom – January Temperatures Where are the temperatures warmest ? Where are the temperatures coldest ?

Where are the temperatures warmest ?

Where are the temperatures coldest ?

United Kingdom – July Temperatures Where are the temperatures warmest ? Where are the temperatures coldest ? How does the pattern differ from January ?

Where are the temperatures warmest ?

Where are the temperatures coldest ?

How does the pattern differ from January ?

Relief Rainfall Stage 1. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Stage 2. As the air rises it cools and condenses. Clouds form and precipitation occurs. Stage 3. The drier air descends and warms. Stage 4. Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud) evaporates.

Stage 1. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land.

Stage 2. As the air rises it cools and condenses. Clouds form and precipitation occurs.

Stage 3. The drier air descends and warms.

Stage 4.

Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud) evaporates.