4. b. People
- Population - 12,382,920 (2008 estimate)
- Linguistic and Ethnic Groups: Shona &
Ndebele
- Official Language: English
- Life Expectancy Rate: 39.7 years
8. Immediate Environment
• School Board
• PTA
• Teacher’s union
▫ Low salary
▫ “deprofessionalization of the teaching profession”
• Levies (taxes)
▫ Poor infrastracture
• Community/ Pressure groups
9. • Government regulations
▫ Education for All 2015 (EFA)
▫ Education Act of 1997
▫ Manpower Development Act of 1994
▫ National Strategic Plan for the Education of Girls,
Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children
10. • Government / Local Sectors
– Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture;
– Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education;
– Ministry of Youth Development
– Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and
Community Development;
– Adult Literacy Association of Zimbabwe;
– Church organizations;
– Local Authorities
11. Secondary Environment:
• Socialist path
• Political demands of developing countries
• Massive education expansion program
Political- Economic
12. • Lack of government funding
– poor infrastructure/ lack of classrooms
– Lack of instructional materials
– Scarcity of Resources
• Political Instability
– Populist political ideology of ZANU-PF (political
repression and economic meltdown)
14. Technology
• Lack of State-of-the-art facilities
• Generation of scientific and technological
capabilities (Science and Technology Policy)
• Globalization
15. Cultural values and ideology
• Hegemonic culture
• Racial Discrimination
• Tradition of placing great value on education-
• Apartheid Legacy
• Racial Capitalism
• Ceremonial rituals
• Influence of Traditional African Education
19. Input
• Students
▫ Demographic variables
Gender
Population
Proportion
Age
Enrolment Rate
Dropout Rate
Literacy Rate
20. Evolution of Net Intake Rate (NIR) by
Sex
Year Boys Girls Both
1992 27.4 30.8 29.1
1994 35.4 33.3 34.3
1998 42.3 41.7 42.0
1999 43.5 43.0 43.3
2000 50.8 51.9 51.4
28. • Staff: Teachers
– Recruitment
– Qualifications
– Roles
– Teacher training (Pre-service/ In-service/ Gender
Mainstreaming on Education & training)
– Population
– Ratio (PTR)
– Gender
– Percentage Distribution of teachers
• Administrators
• Class Background
29. Educational Organization of Zimbabwe:
• Formal Structure
– Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC)
• Age bracket (3-6y.o.)
– Primary
• Age Bracket (6-12 y.o.)
– Secondary
• Age Bracket (12-18 y.o.)
• Types of schools (mission, boarding/ private,
government,)
• Levels
Structure
30. ▫ Tertiary
Age Bracket (18 and above)
Types of schools
Vocational Training Centres
Teacher Colleges
University
Polytechnic
Sci. and Tech. / Indutrial Training Centers
31. Role Relationships
• Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture:
Minister David Coltart
• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary
Education
32. Goals
• To promote effectiveness, efficiency, equality in
education
• To develop the whole person and cultivate life skills
• To preserve the cultural heritage of the past, acquaint
the growing generation with the culture, and contribute
towards the growth and protection of the culture
• To equip students with basic survival, technical and
vocational skills
• To establish a strong scientific and technological base
for economic development
• To promote development of skills and competencies in
language and communication, numeracy and literacy as
well as entrepreneurship
33. Programs
• Content:Curriculum
Philosophy: Education With Production (EWP)
– Primary (subjects)
• Mathematics
• English
• Shona/Ndebele
• Practical subjects (i.e. Art and Craft, House
Economics, Music, Sports, Physical Education)
• Social Studies
• Environmental Science
• Religious Education (largely based on Christianity)
34. – Secondary (a. Zimbabwe Junior Certificate)
• English
• Shona or Ndebele
• Mathematics
• Science
• History
• Geography
• Bible Knowledge
• Practical Subject (i.e. Food and Nutrition, Fashion and
Fabrics, Woodwork, Agriculture, Metalwork, Technical
Drawing, etc.)
38. • Programs
▫ The Economic Structural adjustment program
▫ Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social
Transformation
▫ Programme of Support for Orphans and
Vulnerable Children
▫ Basic Educational Assistance Module (BEAM)
▫ HIV/AIDS and Life-Skills Programme Initiative
39. • Testing
– Date of test administrations
– Scope of tests
– Responsible Agencies:
• Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council (ZIMSEC)
– Grade 7 examination
– Zimbabwe Junior Certificate of Education (ZJC)
– Zimbabwe General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
(ZGCE O-Level)
– Zimbabwe General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
(ZGCE A-Level) examinations
• Educational Advising Center
– Standardized American Test (SAT)
– TOEFL
– Issues
40. Processes within Systems
• Socialization
▫ Gender Socialization
GEM-Girls Education Movement
▫ Family and Community Socialization Process
To strengthen traditional values through the
utilization of discipline, positive values, strong
ethics, morals and collectivism constituting unhu/
ubuntu.
41. • Teaching and Learning
▫ Innovative teaching
▫ Learning by experimentation (using the available
indigenous resources)
▫ Group work
▫ Interactive learning
▫ Collaborative teaching and learning
42. • Decision Making
▫ Curricular Reforms: Curriculum Development
Unit
▫ Financing: Education Transition Fund
• Communication Systems
▫ Print / Electronic Media
▫ Research and information
• Discipline
43. • Change, adaptation
▫ Ideological Factors
▫ International Influence
▫ Search for Relevance
▫ Research
44. Informal Structure
• Inclusive Education
• Special Needs Education
• Adult and Non-Formal Education Programmes
(ANFE)
▫ Adult Literacy Programme(Continuous
Education)
▫ Study Group Programme
▫ Distance Education
47. • Obsolete Information
▫ Provision for education mainly by missionaries
rather than government
▫ Racial biased governance and financing
▫ Gender disparity
▫ Belief that Blacks are inferior to Whites
48. • Emerging Culture
– More schools operate (via donations & other NGO’s)
– Decrease of students in Secondary Education (increased fees)
– Educated manpower
– “Brain Drain”
– Restoration of professional status of teachers
– Racial & Gender Equity
– Establishment plans of Academies/ Centers of Excellence
– Plans of Curriculum Revisions