designing with
density & daylight
Jasper Moelker tutors: ir. Roberto Cavallo
Graduation defense ir. Henk Mihl
05 November 2009 ir. Peter van Swieten

designing with
density & daylight
Study question:
‘By what design intervention can the center of the Teleport Area be
transformed into a more efficient, continuous and liveable environment?’

study question
urban analysis objectives
URBAN
objectives concept
urban concept building design
BUILDING
masterplan circulation building construction installation facade
layout system system
proof system light & visibility
by case study
mixed program
objectives
BLOCK
flexibility
concept
appearance
cluster design
proof system
by case study

study question
urban analysis objectives
URBAN
objectives concept
urban concept building design
BUILDING
masterplan circulation building construction installation facade
layout system system
proof system light & visibility
by case study
mixed program
objectives
BLOCK
flexibility
concept
appearance
cluster design
proof system
by case study

Urban design
Location // Teleport
Teleport

Urban design
Analysis // adjacent areas
( Amsterdam center )
A10 highway
office area office area
metro
Sloterdijk
train
station
car, bus, tram

Urban design
Analysis // infrastructure
Sloterdijk station bus station A10 highway
viaducts bicycle parking car parking

Urban design
Analysis // infrastructure
Higway
A10
Cruise
Terminal
Train
Metro

Urban design
Analysis // typology (current)
ING Tauro Deloitte en Touche
Teletower Aristo
straatprofiel Orlyplaza Belastingdienst UVW
Hout- en Meubileringscollege Telegraaf Telespy KPN

Urban design
Analysis // typology (vision DRO)
Teleport vision 2003
Spatial Planning dept. (DRO) , Amersterdam
Density study using Floor Space Index (FSI)
> aim DRO: 5 - 10
> lot in plan: 2.8 - 4.2
> island in plan: 1.2
> district in plan: ?
source:
Teleport - Herziening PvE (June 2005) Densities in plan don’t come near ambition of DRO!
De Sloterdijken (March 2004)
Visie Sloterdijken (March 2004) > Ground Space Index, Open Space Ratio, Levels
Spacemate.nl

Urban design
Objectives
TELEPORT
office area TELEPORT office area
Sloterdijk
station
OBJECTIVES:
> re-connect
> intensify
> humanize

Concept
Urban design
Concept // re-connect
Teleport as transport hub
the membrane
a green “band aid”

Urban design
Concept // intensify

Urban design
Concept // humanize

Urban design
ves
Masterplan // approach
--> housing
mixed --> offices
--> shops
program --> catering industry
--> other facilities
--> highrise
multiple
layers
--> facilities
--> slow traffic
} program
> re-connect
> intensify
ify --> fast traffic } infrastructure
> humanize n
urban spacee --> extend train platforms
optimized --> bus / tram terminal
--> parking facilities
infrastructure --> distribution routes
--> separate slow traffic
--> visibility & overview
--> wide street profiles
comfort --> light
--> parks & terraces
--> green
& safety --> control people flow
--> use of daylight
--> closeable areas
--> physiological aspects

Urban design
Setting
Masterplan // setting
Highway A10
Highway A10
Sloterdijk Station
Sloterdijk Station

Urban design
Masterplan // infrastructure
Cars
Car route
ar r ute
(new)
Tram + Bus
ra us
(new)
Trains
Tram
Metro

Urban design
Masterplan // park-over / network / building mass
Highrise &
Boulevards
(highrise)
(highrise)
(highrise)

Urban Design
Urban design
-2 - infrastructure
Masterplan // infrastructure basisweg
radarweg
Indoor
car route
Train station
entrances
Bus + Tram
Distribution Terminal
route
radarweg
Car park
haarlemmerweg

Urban design
Masterplan // parking

Urban Design
Urban design
00 & 01 - Facilities
Masterplan // parks / boulevards / facilities
(not fully detailed)
(not fully detailed) (not fully detailed)

Urban design
Masterplan // highrise

Urban design
Masterplan // impression

Cluster
study question
urban analysis objectives
URBAN
objectives concept
urban concept building design
BUILDING
masterplan circulation building construction installation facade
layout system system
proof system light & visibility
by case study
mixed program
objectives
BLOCK
flexibility
concept
appearance
cluster design
proof system
by case study

Cluster
Objectives
METHOD :
STUDY CLUSTER TO PROOF THE
USABILIT Y OF THE MASTERPLAN
OBJECTIVES:
> light & visibility
> flexibility to accommodate mixed program
> dwellings
> offices
> retail
> catering industry
> other facilities

Cluster
Safety & comfort variables
overview wayfinding
attractiveness/
escape
maintainance
DETERMINANTS of
PUBLIC SAFETY & COMFORT
physiological
visibility/light
comfort
surveillance/
daylight
presence of people
source:
Durmisevic, S. Perception Aspects in Underground Spaces using Intelligent Knowledge Modeling (2002)

Cluster
Relationship spatial & psychological aspects
OVERVIEW VISIBILITY / LIGHT ESCAPE PRESENCE
of PEOPLE
- construction / structure - layout - layout
- dimensions - light - clarity / - adjacency
- furniture - material / color - spatial continuity - construction / structure
- light - furniture design - accessibility - dimensions
- layout - adjacency - furniture positioning
WAYFINDING DAYLIGHT ATTRACTIVENESS PHYSIOLOGICAL
COMFORT
- layout - material / color - acoustics
- adjacency - light - construction / structure - light
- clarity / spatial org. - layout - furniture design - temperature
- accessibility - clarity / spatial org. - dimensions - air quality
- signing system
source:
Durmisevic, S. Perception Aspects in Underground Spaces using Intelligent Knowledge Modeling (2002)

Cluster
Daylight reference studies
Rijswijk station
<>
Rotterdam Blaak station Simulation light atria & corridors
source: Wevers, N. Daglichttoetreding in een ondergronds station (2007)

Cluster
Concept
Light
Highrise corridors
on strip
Strip with
facilities
Bus + Tram Train
Car Park
Terminal Platforms

Cluster
Study
Light
Highrise corridors
on strip
Strip with
facilities
cuts through building mass
grid defined by existing infrastructure
(trains + platforms)

Cluster
Concept
Highrise
on strip
level +01 : highrise (offices, hotels, dwellings)
Strip with
p Light
g
(and up)
facilities
l Courtyard atrium
r m
level +00 : facilities (fun shopping); entrances
level -01 : facilities (run shopping)
level -02 : construction, installations, distribution
level -03 : infrastructure (fast traffic)

Cluster
Study
sky dome
level +01 : highrise (offices, hotels, dwellings)
(and up)
level +00 : facilities (fun shopping); entrances
level -01 : facilities (run shopping)
level -02 : construction, installations, distribution
level -03 : infrastructure (fast traffic)
distance study
based on light admittance
grid derived from
surround urban tissue

Cluster
Platforms (-03)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Platforms (-03)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Parking (-02)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Parking (-02)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Boulevard (-01)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Boulevard (-01)
outline of
towers above
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Ground floor (+00)
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Ground floor (+00)
light
corridor
atrium

Cluster
Impressions

Cluster
Impressions

Building
study question
urban analysis objectives
URBAN
objectives concept
urban concept building design
BUILDING
masterplan circulation building construction installation facade
layout system system
proof system light & visibility
by case study
mixed program
objectives
BLOCK
flexibility
concept
appearance
cluster design
proof system
by case study

Building
Objectives
METHOD :
CREATE BUILDING DESIGN TO PROOF THE
USABILIT Y OF THE CLUSTER DESIGN
OBJECTIVES:
> light & visibility
> mixed program
> flexibility (change usage over time)
> appearance
CONTSTRAINTS:
> building above train tracks and platforms

Building
Concept // urban

Building
Concept // basis
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // sight
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // circulation
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // orientation
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // privacy
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // construction
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // installations
CONNECT & OPEN UP

Building
Concept // facade
CONNECT & O
CO C OPEN UP
U

Building // circulation
Concept

Building // circulation
Clustering studies
Solo towers w/ mono core Tower pair w/ dual core + ring
Tower cluster w/ quad core + ring

Building // circulation
Core studies
Core embedded in void
Core plugged into towers

Building // circulation
Organization

Building // circulation
Organization
A B A
(stairs) (elevators) (stairs)

Building // circulation
Section

Building // circulation
Entrance
Entrance residents Entrance visitors
boulevard side on park level

Building // circulation
Details

Building // circulation
Impression

Building // circulation
Impression

Building // construction
Concept

Building // construction
System Joints
steel column
tubular pro file 200 x 200
concrete core
braces braces
facade column - beam core column - beam
hinge joint clamped joint
Section AA1
steel facade column
edge beam tubular profile 120 x 80
IPE 170 concrete core
5700
edge beam main beam
steel column
IPE 200 w/ one side IPE 200 w/ main beam tubular pro file 200 x 200
extended lower flange extended lower flange IPE 320 concrete core
1350
1350
braces
1350
5700
2700 2700 3600 3600 2700 2700 2000 2000
Plan upper floors Section BB1

Building // construction
Flow of forces

Building // installations
Concept
> one core per tower
> service zone in tower center
(in suspended ceiling)
> other services in floors
> climate in combination w/ facade

Building // installations
System
mechanical ventilation
pre cooled / heated
> HEATING
per dwelling / office > DRAINAGE
suspended ceiling
natural ventilation
direct or indirect
> ELECTRICITY
vertical
through facade panels
> VENT SYS in PLAN
distribution
Section AA3
5700
services above
suspended ceiling
1350
1350
stairs & lifts vertical
distribution
1350
suspended
ceiling
low temerature surface heating
in top of floor system or
5700 in additional dry floor system
(adjustable to floor usage)
2700 2700 3600 3600 2700 2700 2000 2000
Plan upper floors Section BB1

Building // installations
Heating and ventilation
no indirect direct
ventilation ventilation ventilation
Natural ventilation Low surface heating
> no ventilation (closed) > low surface heating in
> indirect (pre heated) ventilation (4-10 deg) floor system (IDES)
> direct ventilation ( > 10 deg) > if required placed in dry
floor system on top
(for extra insulation)

Building // installations
Heating and ventilation
-
AIR IN
+
via bridge on HEAT REGULATION VaV VaV
courtyard side pre cool / heat using min / max
water system (running + - depends on + -
through vertical shaft) function
via bridge on
boulevard side HEAT EXCHANGE FANS
AIR OUT
in suspended ceiling DWELLING OFFICE
in core area
VaV
Mechanical ventilation
> in addition to natural ventilation
> air in/out via bridge
> heat regulation using water system (distribution via shafts in core)
> variable air volume (VaV) system depends on function (dwellings / offices / ... )

Building // facade
Concept
> contact vs privacy
> day light vs sun shading
> expression (of activity)

Facade system
General requirements
OUTSIDE FACADE INSIDE
location specific conditions requirements
solar radiation comforatble temparature range
temperature severe fluctuations minimal
comfortable humdity range
humidity in external climate fluctuations amount and quality of light
precipitation fresh air supply at comfortable air velocity
wind comfortable sound level
sources of noise in surroundings visual relationship with exterior
amount o gas and dust demarcation between private and public
mechanical loads protection against mechanical damage
electromagnetic radiation fire protection if necassary
limitation of toxic loads
urban/formative surroundings
local resources
socio-cultural context

Facade system
Concept development
maximum transparancy for articulation by floors flexible building program
maximum light transmittance and facade profiles > repetition in 2 directions

Facade system
Concept development
maximum transparancy facade as filter for dynamic facade pattern to
for maximum light transmittance light, sight, sound, heat, ... adapt to usage

Facade system
Pattern concept

Design concept // development
Facade system
Facade pattern
900 x 900 x 4mm PC
OUT IN
● min cover 20%
● max cover 95%
● black -> silver
Polycarbonate (PC)
OUT ● highly transparant
● lightweight (1200kg/m3)
● temperature resistance
30 - 30 - 30 - 30mm ● impact resistance
● thermoplastic (recyclable)
IN (not to scale)

Design concept // development
Facade system
Horizontal movement
0 - 5mm
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design concept // development
Facade system
Vertical movement
5mm
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Skew panel
side panel with molded layer hinches
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Skew & slide mechanism
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Skew & slide mechanism
skew mechanism: panel hinge & electro magnets
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Skew & slide mechanism
slide mechanism: layer hinge & electro magnets
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Facade profiles
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Mood lighting
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Daylighting
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
no
ventilation
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
indirect
ventilation
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
direct
ventilation
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
no indirect direct
ventilation ventilation ventilation
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Ventilation
section west - east
OUT IN
section north - south
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Rotate mechanism
OUT IN
electro magnets rubber with
to slide B-layers gel filling
5mm vertical A
B
A
OUT
B
A
electro magnets rotation
mechanism panel axis panel hinch layer hinch
to slide A-layers
5mm horizontal
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Rotate mechanism
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Construction
original
OUT IN
1.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 1.8
optimized
OUT
IN 1.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 1.8

Design development
Facade system // development
Construction
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Construction
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Construction
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Heat
OUT IN
● high thermic resistance via
PC and multiple cavities
● pre heating air intake
● additional cooling / heating via
low temperature surface heating
OUT in floor
note: due to fire facade system is not
tested in BP lab.
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Heat
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Sound
OUT IN
external
sound sound
sources reflection
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Sound
OUT IN
external
sound sound
sources reflection
OUT
IN

Design development
Facade system // development
Sealing & Insulation
OUT IN
OUT
IN

Facade system
Detail // vertical

Facade system
Detail // horizontal

Facade system
Simulation
Prototype Rendering

Facade system
Prototype close up

Building // facade
Impression

Building // facade
Impression

Building // facade
Impression lighting

Building // layout
Concept
> accommodate different programs
> changeable over time
> orient towards park or boulevard
> more private activities towards center

Building // layout
Dwellings (+05)
DWELLING A+ DWELLING A DWELLING B
DWELLING C
DWELLING A+ DWELLING A DWELLING B

Building // layout
Dwellings (+06)
DWELLING A+
DWELLING D
DWELLING C
DWELLING A+ DWELLING D

Building // layout
Dwelling example

Building // layout
Offices (+10)
OFFICE UNITS OFFICE DESKSCAPE

Building // layout
Details

Impressions
Boulevard

Impressions
Long section

Impressions
Lower levels

Impressions
Platforms (-03)

Impressions
Parking (-02)

Impressions
Boulevard

Impressions
Upper levels

Impressions
Single floor

Impressions
Dual tower

Impressions
Dwellings

Impressions
Exterior

Impressions
The void

Impressions
Interior

Impressions
Interior

Building // layout