12. 4.. SSttaannddaarrddiizzaattiioonn
• Law
• National Census-
– data to calculate tax revenues &
labor service
• Copper coinage
• Weights & measures
• Road Building
• Regulated Axle length
• Uniform written script
13. 55.. IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree aanndd
MMaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg……
• New Irrigation &
canal projects
– (picture: terracing)
• Promoted
Manufacturing
– Silk cloth, especially
Building a Strong Economy
14. 55.. ZZeerroo TToolleerraannccee ffoorr DDiisssseenntt!!
• Attacked formal culture:
– Burned many books
– Shi Huangdi considered
thinking as subversive to his
autocratic rule
– Death to disagreeing scholars
– LLeeggaalliisstt
18. EEnndd ooff tthhee QQiinn == SSttaarrtt ooff HHaann
RRiissee ooff ppeeaassaanntt lleeaaddeerr ––
LLiiuu BBaanngg
– Not a great military commander, but
good mediator
– Persistent & logical planner
– IIlllliitteerraattee
– Brilliant Shi advisors
– loyalty of troops
• Established Han Dynasty –
named for his native land.
• Took the name “Gaozu”
40. UURRBBAANNIIZZAATTIIOONN
• Forbidden City- Emperor,
family, servants, closest
advisors
• Walled
• Pleasure garden outside with
first zoo
• Administrative buildings &
Scholar Gentry adjacent, also
walled.
• Both enclosed in another wall
around city proper.
CCaappiittooll CCiittyy :: XXiiaann
41. UUrrbbaanniizzaattiioonn
• Most urbanized
civilization in world
at this time.
• Walled cities for
administration,
mining,
manufacturing,
trade.
• Traders increased
as a class. Wealth
grew, but status did
not.
44. TTeecchhnnoollooggyy::
• Agriculture:
– Irrigation & canal system improved/extended
– Highly accurate sundials & calendars
– Crop techniques improved:
• Ox drawn plows, new collar for oxen
• IInndduussttrryy::
– SSiillkk mmaakkiinngg iimmpprroovveedd
– Laquerware and porcelain pioneered
– Watermills to grind grain & power
artisan shops
• NNEEWW::
– Brush & paper invented
– Rudders and compasses
pioneered
45. UUhh--OOhh!! PPrroobblleemmss!!
11.. XXiioonnggnnuu – Steppe Nomads spoke a turkic language
Superb horsemen – bows & arrows
MMOOBBIILLIITTYY && SSPPEEEEDD
Han tried to pacify: tribute in luxuries, ag & manufactured goods,
intermarriage w/ nobility…but to no avail…
47. HHaann SSoocciiaall && EEccoonnoommiicc PPrroobblleemm$$
BB.. HHuuggee EEccoonnoommiicc CCoosstt ooff
mmiilliittaarryy eexxppeeddiittiioonnss -->>
SSoocciiaall SSttrraaiinn
To raise money, Han:
1. Raised taxes
2. Confiscated land &
personal property
from wealthy less
investment in manufacturing &
trade more economic
problems
48. DDeecclliinnee ooff HHaann DDyynnaassttyy
• Central control weakened
after about 2 centuries
–YYeellllooww TTuurrbbaann
UUpprriissiinngg
– Intrigue & violence within the
royal family
• HHuunnss-- iinnvvaaddeedd from
Central Asia again!
• The Classical period was
over…Chaos reigned as
China broke into several large
regional kingdoms…
49. LLeeggaaccyy ooff CCllaassssiiccaall PPeerriioodd iinn CChhiinnaa::
“China had
established distinctive
political structures and
cultural values of
unusual clarity,
capable of surviving
the next three
centuries of renewed
confusion.”
Editor's Notes
Wuwei means go with the flow!
Hupao dreaming of the Tiger, Hangzhou
Shang Yang
Ordered Vassals to court; in their absence, assumed power of their feudal estates.
Lords, who in times past would have competed for power, became irrelevant.
Height of Classical China
Confucianism replaced brutal Qin repression
Provinces, like Persian satrapies
Loose sleeved over coat. Tunic below belted and with sword girdle