ccLearn General Messaging

The Education Division of c

What is ? ccLearn is a division of Creative Commons which is dedicated to realizing the full potential of the Internet to support open learning and open educational resources (OER). Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and reuse of educational materials — legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.

What are Open Educational Resources?

Tools Implementation Learning Content Resources cba Michael Reschke http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Tools Implementation Learning Content Resources cba Michael Reschke Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Tools Implementation Learning Content Resources cba Michael Reschke Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities. Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Tools Implementation Learning Content Resources cba Michael Reschke Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design- principles, and localization of content. Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Tools Implementation Learning Content Resources cba Michael Reschke Intellectual Full courses, course Software to support the creation, property licenses materials, content delivery, use and improvement of to promote open modules, learning open learning content including publishing of objects, collections, searching and organization of materials, design- content, content and learning journals principles, and management systems, content localization of development tools, and on-line content. learning communities. Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

What makes resources OPEN? The ability to: • Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given. More permissions = More open.

Education is different. • In most places, education is a public good. • But the quality of education varies. — By region — By school — By class • Open Educational Resources (OER) change this, by promoting (e)quality education around the world. The internet is a universal medium. It can be accessed by anyone.

OER form a Network. • Teachers like to share and adapt materials for the classroom. • Students consume these materials, but they only learn by actively taking part in the process of creation. • We learn by doing what has been done before; we create by re-creating, by building off othersʼ work. Learning occurs through exchange of and collaboration on the expression of ideas.

But there are Legal Barriers. T cbn Nancy http://ﬂickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/

Expression is often restricted. • Because expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted. • Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, derived, or even accessed... without express permission by the owner of the copyright. • But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available. • Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent. And if you donʼt license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.

ccLearn promotes c licenses. • CC Licenses are copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant a priori permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed. • So the author still retains her rights to a work; she simply chooses to give away those rights she does not need or want. • This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of each otherʼs work.

CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law. cba openDemocracy http://ﬂickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/

CC Licenses support Interoperability are clear, comprehensible ccLearn wants education and compatible to be here: b Public “All rights bd Domain reserved” ba Attribution bn bna Only bnd CC BY p

Because CC BY ... • Allows the most freedoms without giving up b attribution, which is important for credibility in education • Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing the most room for innovation via collaboration • Does not encroach on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a speciﬁed use: i.e. CC BY-SA requires you to share alike, even if ba the new work is best suited for another license

CC License Case Studies Which License should I use when?

bd Consider • You are part of a group of experts that has CC BY-ND ﬁnally ﬁnished a protocol for data curation. Attribution • Every word was carefully considered, and No Derivatives it took months of meetings to complete. Allows for • You and the group want to share it, and redistribution, you donʼt particularly care how it is used... commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you. ... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way. For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.

bd But consider too • Foreign colleagues want to translate the CC BY-ND protocol. They must seek permission before they can do so. Attribution No Derivatives ? ? Allows for redistribution, commercial and noncommercial, as long • A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for as it is passed along display on PDAs. He must also seek unchanged and in permission. whole, with credit to you. • Any time someone would like to adapt your work, the groupʼs permission is required— Even for the simple purposes of technical and social interoperability.

bna Consider • A university decides to release course CC BY-NC-SA content openly. Attribution Hurray! Non-commercial Share Alike Lets others: • remix, tweak, and • However, much of the content is third-party build upon your work non-commercially. material. • download and • It is difﬁcult to get rights-holders to give redistribute your work. • translate, remix, and them content without the NC term. produce new stories based on your work. All new work based on This is a case where the university would yours will carry the want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA, same license, so any derivatives will also be since it is necessary to achieve an non-commercial in agreement with all their rights-holders. nature.

But what if But they canʼt, • Rights holders are willing to give materials because it is to the university sans the NC restriction. NC licensed. • However, the university doesnʼt want anyone selling content without their permission. • So the university applies the NC term. CC BY-NC-SA Hurray! And they donʼt Boo! want to go through the red tape of This is a bad reason to use NC because: negotiations. • People only buy content if they canʼt access the free version, or if they want to access it differently. i.e. A publishing co. decides to make hardcopies available at minimal prices (to recover printing costs) ... to students in Bangladesh!

Consider b • You are a creator of a work, be it a play, CC BY a love song, a cookbook or an educational video game. Attribution Only Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original • Basically, you want your stuff to be used creation. widely—by the most people possible. • But as a professional in your ﬁeld, you want to be recognized for your work. This is a great case for CC BY.

But what if b • Someone takes my stuff and locks it away, CC BY defeating the purpose of making it open? Attribution Only Thatʼs impossible with digital content. Even if Lets others someone remixed the work and re-licensed it distribute, remix, under full copyright, your original work is still tweak, and build upon your work, available, free for anybody to use. even commercially, as long as they credit • Someone uses my stuff inappropriately, you for the original creation. while my name is attached to it? Boo! • CC BY speciﬁcally states that you do not endorse any works derived from yours. • So it doesnʼt matter; non-endorsement Hurray! clause and moral rights allow you to request a take-down and seek damages anyway.

Remember: CC BY • Allows the most freedoms with attribution b (important for credibility in education) • Is compatible with every other CC license, so... New and creative uses can develop that were not possible before! • All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a speciﬁed use bna i.e. CC BY-NC- SA might not allow print versions of your work to be given away for even a small recovery cost.

But what about Technical Barriers? T cbn Tantek Çelik http://ﬂickr.com/photos/tantek/85610375/

CC overcomes Technical Barriers CC Licenses are also clear to search engines • CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions on works in metadata • The metadata is picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Flickr Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.

Other Technical Barriers Incompatibility of: • Video formats • Encryption protocols • Streaming technologies cbna David Tames http://ﬂickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/ A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards. So that even though OER may be licensed openly, it is prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness. (Bissell and Boyle)

And ﬁnally, the Social Barriers to Open Education cbna Judy Baxter http://ﬂickr.com/photos/judybaxter/501511984/

World My stuff Resources vs Technical Socioeconomic Commons Cultural factors Unfamiliarity Teacher Education Time Developed Management World Social Agency Workload vs Barriers Teacher Developing Salary World Standardized Awareness, Organizational Curricula Misconceptions Pressures Tenure Noncommercial Standards Term (Bissell and Boyle)

Projects

CC Portal ODEPO DiscoverEd for Project Educators

DiscoverEd A search for all • Scalable educational resources on • Extensible the web should be: • Federated

Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context CC Portal for What are the different Educators CC licenses and what do they mean? Point of departure for Choosing a CC license understanding the bigger for educational materials issues and hopes in education

- Identify potential collaborators - Network - Add your project - Add additional info ODEPO - Search by various Project properties The Open Database of Educational Projects and Organizations Find: - Licensing Information - Open Education Organizations - Afﬁliated Projects and Organizations

Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is licensed: http://learn.creativecommons.org

ccLearn General Messaging

by Jane Park on May 15, 2009

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