Integrating Technology-Enhanced Instruction to Narrow the Academic Achievement Gap James M. Thompson, PhD Lancaster County School District The State of the African American Male Conference Third Annual Fall Conference – November 6, 2009 Closing the Achievement Gap: Student Achievement and Success University of South Carolina Lancaster

Agenda Background Policy and Social Implication Research Studies Technology Exposure Technology Integration Strategies Q/A Session

Background

Policy and Social Implication

Research Studies

Technology Exposure

Technology Integration Strategies

Q/A Session

Background Not a universal approach or “one size fits all” approach to teaching all students No Child Left Behind (2001) - higher accountability and standardized testing Equality means for ALL and not some Differentiated learning instructional strategies

Not a universal approach or “one size fits all” approach to teaching all students

No Child Left Behind (2001) - higher accountability and standardized testing

Equality means for ALL and not some

Differentiated learning instructional strategies

Policy Implications No excuses for failing students Global market and increasing competition Reduce the number of illiterate students deprived of a quality education Everybody must be involved

No excuses for failing students

Global market and increasing competition

Reduce the number of illiterate students deprived of a quality education

Everybody must be involved

Social Implications Direct affect on African American Higher unemployment rate Cannot afford health insurance Substandard housing developments Criminal lifestyles to support living African American males (11%) of population and almost half of incarcerated males (US Department of Justice, 2007)

Direct affect on African American

Higher unemployment rate

Cannot afford health insurance

Substandard housing developments

Criminal lifestyles to support living

African American males (11%) of population and almost half of incarcerated males (US Department of Justice, 2007)

Who’s Problem Is It? A Black problem A White problem A lower class problem A middle class problem An upper class problem A school system problem … or everyone’s problem!

A Black problem

A White problem

A lower class problem

A middle class problem

An upper class problem

A school system problem

… or everyone’s problem!

Academic Achievement Gap Not starting on a level “playing field” Parents who failed public school Lack of zeal for learning High rate of absenteeism Overcrowded classrooms Regardless, someone is still responsible!

Not starting on a level “playing field”

Parents who failed public school

Lack of zeal for learning

High rate of absenteeism

Overcrowded classrooms

Regardless, someone is still responsible!

According to Research… Teachers failing to provide differentiated instructional strategies (Winther and Volk, 1994) Instructional strategies should be modified to accommodate every student’s learning styles (Ornstein & Levine, 2006) Incorporating culturally responsive instructional strategies for African American students yielded higher success (Ware, 2006)

Teachers failing to provide differentiated instructional strategies (Winther and Volk, 1994)

Instructional strategies should be modified to accommodate every student’s learning styles (Ornstein & Levine, 2006)

Incorporating culturally responsive instructional strategies for African American students yielded higher success (Ware, 2006)

Multiple Intelligences Verbal/Linguistic Report, interview, listen to tape, read, application Musical/Rhythmic Compose a song, listen to music, write a poem, make a cheer, connect learning to music Naturalist Conduct experiment, categorize, look for ideas in nature, investigate Bodily/Kinesthetic Role-play, construct a model

Verbal/Linguistic

Report, interview, listen to tape, read, application

Musical/Rhythmic

Compose a song, listen to music, write a poem, make a cheer, connect learning to music

Naturalist

Conduct experiment, categorize, look for ideas in nature, investigate

Bodily/Kinesthetic

Role-play, construct a model

Multiple Intelligences (cont.) Interpersonal Work in a group to dialogue and solve problems, class debates, peer mentoring Logical/Mathematical Create a pattern, analyze a situation, interpret evidence, critical thinking skills Visual/Spatial Draw a picture or poster, create a diagram Intrapersonal Think about a plan, write in a journal, connect the new with the old, student-centered and ownership

Interpersonal

Work in a group to dialogue and solve problems, class debates, peer mentoring

Logical/Mathematical

Create a pattern, analyze a situation, interpret evidence, critical thinking skills

Visual/Spatial

Draw a picture or poster, create a diagram

Intrapersonal

Think about a plan, write in a journal, connect the new with the old, student-centered and ownership

According to the Research on Technology… African American students who were exposed to computer-enhanced instruction were quite successful (Ware, 2006) Student-centered learning and ownership of the learning process True learning takes place when students are able to teach one another. Students continued using technology beyond the classroom.

African American students who were exposed to computer-enhanced instruction were quite successful (Ware, 2006)

Student-centered learning and ownership of the learning process

True learning takes place when students are able to teach one another.

Students continued using technology beyond the classroom.

Technology Exposure Another gap??? Technology exposure among African American students (Hess & Leal, 1999) School districts with higher number of African American students were less likely to expose these students to technology. Some students who were exposed to computers for basic skills level concepts or remediation.

Another gap??? Technology exposure among African American students (Hess & Leal, 1999)

School districts with higher number of African American students were less likely to expose these students to technology.

Some students who were exposed to computers for basic skills level concepts or remediation.

Does It Work? African American students are generally underperformers in mathematics; hence, they do not enter into professions dealing with math. 90% of students enrolled in Detroit Area Pre-College Engineering Program (DAPCEP) were highly successful in math and entered college. Started in 1976 to increase the number of African American students taking more rigorous courses in math and science Today, the program teaches 10,000 African American students with an annual operation budget of $4 million.

African American students are generally underperformers in mathematics; hence, they do not enter into professions dealing with math.

90% of students enrolled in Detroit Area Pre-College Engineering Program (DAPCEP) were highly successful in math and entered college.

Started in 1976 to increase the number of African American students taking more rigorous courses in math and science

Today, the program teaches 10,000 African American students with an annual operation budget of $4 million.

Does It Work? (cont.) DAPCEP expose students to technology and computer-enhanced instructions (Mercer, 2002). Students are exposed to civil engineering, geometry, and robotics. These students embrace learning and are accepting of being intelligent

DAPCEP expose students to technology and computer-enhanced instructions (Mercer, 2002).

Students are exposed to civil engineering, geometry, and robotics.

These students embrace learning and are accepting of being intelligent

Ways to Integrate Technology Reinforcement and remediation of learning and to teach higher-order thinking skills (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory) Drill-and-practice activities in moderation for lower achieving students Class Web site to house Class assignments Homework problems and solutions Students’ finished products

Reinforcement and remediation of learning and to teach higher-order thinking skills (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory)

Drill-and-practice activities in moderation for lower achieving students

Class Web site to house

Class assignments

Homework problems and solutions

Students’ finished products

Ways to Integrate Technology (cont.) Student-centered projects PowerPoint followed by an oral presentation Persuasive paper Write professional letters Electronic journal or scrapbook WebQuest - http://sites.google.com/site/jamesmthompsonwebquest/home

Student-centered projects

PowerPoint followed by an oral presentation

Persuasive paper

Write professional letters

Electronic journal or scrapbook

WebQuest - http://sites.google.com/site/jamesmthompsonwebquest/home

Where to Go From Here? If you are an administrator, you may consider to Establish a technology culture Provide technology professional development workshops for teachers Provide opportunities for after hour visits to the computer lab Designate a technology coach Encourage students to enroll into more rigorous courses in mathematics and science that utilize technology-enhanced instruction

If you are an administrator, you may consider to

Establish a technology culture

Provide technology professional development workshops for teachers

Provide opportunities for after hour visits to the computer lab

Designate a technology coach

Encourage students to enroll into more rigorous courses in mathematics and science that utilize technology-enhanced instruction

Where to Go From Here? If you are a teacher, you may consider to Getting over your fear Stepping out of the box Being creative Must be technology proficient Professional development workshops in technology Seek technical support from the central office Help students gain cognitive and critical thinking skills (less time on remediation activities to avoid adverse affects)

If you are a teacher, you may consider to

Getting over your fear

Stepping out of the box

Being creative

Must be technology proficient

Professional development workshops in technology

Seek technical support from the central office

Help students gain cognitive and critical thinking skills (less time on remediation activities to avoid adverse affects)

References Hess, F., & Leal, D. (1999). Computer-assisted learning in urban classrooms: The impact of politics, race, and class. Urban Education , 34 (3), 370. Mercer, T. (2002, January 1). Providing students the tools to excel. Black Issues in Higher Education , 19 (10), 18. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (2004). Case studies of high-performing, high-technology schools: Final research report on schools with predominantly low-income, African-American, or Latino student populations. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates. Ornstein, A. C., & Levine, D. U. (2006). Foundations of education (9th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Hess, F., & Leal, D. (1999). Computer-assisted learning in urban classrooms: The impact of politics, race, and class. Urban Education , 34 (3), 370.

Mercer, T. (2002, January 1). Providing students the tools to excel. Black Issues in Higher Education , 19 (10), 18.

North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (2004). Case studies of high-performing, high-technology schools: Final research report on schools with predominantly low-income, African-American, or Latino student populations. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

Ornstein, A. C., & Levine, D. U. (2006). Foundations of education (9th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

References (cont.) US Department of Justice: Office of Justice Program. (2007). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2006 (NCJ Publication No. 217675). Washington, DC: Author. Ware, F. (2006). Warm demander pedagogy: Culturally responsive teaching that supports a culture of achievement for African American students. Urban Education , 41 (4), 427-456. Winther, A. A., & Volk, T. L. (1994). Comparing achievement of inner-city high school students in traditional versus STS-based chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education , 71 (6), 501-505.

US Department of Justice: Office of Justice Program. (2007). Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2006 (NCJ Publication No. 217675). Washington, DC: Author.

Ware, F. (2006). Warm demander pedagogy: Culturally responsive teaching that supports a culture of achievement for African American students. Urban Education , 41 (4), 427-456.

Winther, A. A., & Volk, T. L. (1994). Comparing achievement of inner-city high school students in traditional versus STS-based chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education , 71 (6), 501-505.

Question and Answer Session Contact Information Dr. James M. Thompson Email: jamathompson@hotmail.com Web Site: jamathompson.googlepages.com

Contact Information

Dr. James M. Thompson

Email: jamathompson@hotmail.com

Web Site: jamathompson.googlepages.com