Rural Transformation by ‘9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana’ under PURA: A Win-Win Strategy for Troubled Farmers Dr Jagveer Rawat Associate Professor of Immunology College of Veterinary Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agri Uni, Hisar EMAIL: ficats@rediffmail.com and Secretary General The Federation of Indian Chambers of Agriculture, Trade and Services With inputs from Prof PV Indiiresan, former Director, IIT-Chennai Dr PS Rana, Chairman and MD, HUDCO, New Delhi

Can we work an action plan on following: Reduced cost of agricultural inputs-seeds, fertiliser, water, electricity, pesticides, credit, insurance, marketing Reduced cost of agri-business development through development of supportive infrastructure facilities in select areas of rural India through cluster development approach utilising model of PURA?

Reduced cost of agricultural inputs-seeds, fertiliser, water, electricity, pesticides, credit, insurance, marketing

Reduced cost of agri-business development through development of supportive infrastructure facilities in select areas of rural India through cluster development approach utilising model of PURA?

HABITAT’s KNOWLEDGE (software) Centre for Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Innovation and Technology for All-round Transformation (HABITAT) : National NGO At least 150 research cultivars of different crops, Biotechnologies of rural significance Innovative Model of Rural Development-PURA model (hardware) as envisaged by Prof PV Indiresan and the Rural Knowledge Software added by HABITAT, makes it HABITAT-PURA Implementation of the Model through ‘9-GRAM, 9-RATNA YOJANA’ THE NGO creates HABITAT-PURA with complete VALUE CHAIN

HABITAT’s KNOWLEDGE (software)

Centre for Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Innovation and Technology for All-round Transformation (HABITAT) : National NGO

At least 150 research cultivars of different crops,

Biotechnologies of rural significance

Innovative Model of Rural Development-PURA model (hardware) as envisaged by Prof PV Indiresan and the Rural Knowledge Software added by HABITAT, makes it HABITAT-PURA

Implementation of the Model through ‘9-GRAM, 9-RATNA YOJANA’

THE NGO creates HABITAT-PURA with complete VALUE CHAIN

Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Ambience or PURA HABITAT is Health Agriculture Biodiversity Innovation Technolology for All-round Transformation

Innovation – The Ring Road Ring a loop of villages No overcrowded bazaars No congestion No artificial inflation Of real estate prices Run frequent bus services The Villages become a virtual city Will now support a range of services ViIlages With rail link to city Telecom School Office Industry Hospital Power Food processing Hotel Shops Bus Bus

The cost of connectivity is minimised When the Habitat is in the shape of a ring To appreciate why, consider a city 6 km x 5 km in size, with a rectangular grid of main roads spaced 1 km apart As the figure shows, The city has an area of 30 sq. km. Total Main Road Length Will then be 60 km And all points lie within half a km from main roads Advantage of the Ring

Not only is road length is halved, So will the length of all infrastructure. Further ecology is superior because Every point lies within Half a km of open spaces too . As the figure shows. Length of Ring Road is 30 km only HALF that of the Rectangular grid Alternately, consider a ring shaped town With same 30 sq.km. built-up area ; also, as before, All points within half a km distance from main road Inner Unbuilt Area

PURA Minimises Costs The design inherently cuts infrastructure costs Rural location reduces real estate costs Avoids daily commuting; hence low transport costs There is surplus labour; hence, lower wage costs Good environment; hence, low pollution costs Bhopal type disaster cannot occur in villages

The design inherently cuts infrastructure costs

Rural location reduces real estate costs

Avoids daily commuting; hence low transport costs

There is surplus labour; hence, lower wage costs

Good environment; hence, low pollution costs

Bhopal type disaster cannot occur in villages

Subsidies Low Investment Poor Quality Poor returns Commercial Investment High Quality High returns Reinvestment Vicious Cycle Virtuous Cycle Vicious Cycle, Virtuous Cycle Existing Proposed

Physical-Ring Road Social-Habitat Economic-Business Connecting Connectivities Alone, neither physical connectivity (ring road), Nor economic connectivity (businesses) nor social connectivity (habitat) Can sustain. All three together they can – with good management Management

PURA + HABITAT FASAL PLAZA= HABITAT-PURA MODEL: PROVISION OF URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AMBIENCE (PURA)- scheme of rural infrastructure transformation proposed by His Excellency President of India Scheme conceived by Prof P V Indiresan, former Director of IIT, Chennai PURA is hardware or infrastructural development strategy of ‘select rural areas’ HABITAT FASAL PLAZA is a ‘agri-business development strategy’ involving ‘farmer-primary producers’ organisations’ HABITAT provides the ‘knowledge component or software’ of PURA created hardware

PROVISION OF URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AMBIENCE (PURA)- scheme of rural infrastructure transformation proposed by His Excellency President of India

Scheme conceived by Prof P V Indiresan, former Director of IIT, Chennai

PURA is hardware or infrastructural development strategy of ‘select rural areas’

HABITAT FASAL PLAZA is a ‘agri-business development strategy’ involving ‘farmer-primary producers’ organisations’

HABITAT provides the ‘knowledge component or software’ of PURA created hardware

HABITAT-PURA MODEL implemented through NAV GRAM, NAV RATNA YOJANA: WHAT IS NAV GRAM= 9 villages WHAT ARE NAV-RATNA= 9 Planets Means each village has a ‘Planetary change agent’ At the centre of the 9-Village Planetary leaders is the ‘Sun or Central Leader’ , the PRIME INNOVATOR

WHAT IS NAV GRAM= 9 villages

WHAT ARE NAV-RATNA= 9 Planets

Means each village has a ‘Planetary change agent’

At the centre of the 9-Village Planetary leaders is the ‘Sun or Central Leader’ , the PRIME INNOVATOR

9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana 9 Villages- 9 Quality Leaders (Nau Gram – Nau Ratna Yojana) All villages are connected with PURA Road Each village with a specific strength -Agri-, Horti-, Handicrafts, Dairy etc Control Through a Market Connected Village- With Haat/Mandi – Road Network- Railway Station This village will have the Chief Executive of the Nau Ratna This Village will house HABITAT’s FASAL (Food, Agriculture, Services and Life-style) PLAZA) in an area 3 Acres (ca) 3000 Sq Ft Built-in Area (Central Portion of 1 Acre for this) - 3 Floors- First Agri Inputs and Outputs- Second: General Store, Third: Services- Bank, Insurance,Consultancies

9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana

9 Villages- 9 Quality Leaders (Nau Gram – Nau Ratna Yojana)

All villages are connected with PURA Road

Each village with a specific strength -Agri-, Horti-, Handicrafts, Dairy etc

Control Through a Market Connected Village- With Haat/Mandi – Road Network- Railway Station

This village will have the Chief Executive of the Nau Ratna

This Village will house HABITAT’s FASAL (Food, Agriculture, Services and Life-style) PLAZA) in an area 3 Acres (ca)

3000 Sq Ft Built-in Area (Central Portion of 1 Acre for this) - 3 Floors- First Agri Inputs and Outputs- Second: General Store, Third: Services- Bank, Insurance,Consultancies

9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana: HABITAT’S FASAL PLAZA HABITAT’s FASAL PLAZA Scheme Selects villages and its leaders through a stringent selection mechanism Leaders are selected on – Commitment, Demonstrated spirit of entrepreneurship Set of 9 villages selected on : focus of quality and quantity on one or more marketable products Agri-, Horti-, Handicrafts, Dairy, Mushroom or natural ecosystem or heritage-religious-eco-Tourism principles, are applied PLANS like SFURTI, NREGP and others are integrated to involve all sections of society in Micro-plan development for each village. This leads to an eventual DEVELOPMENT of a SYNERGISTIC and SUSTAINABLE CLUSTER

9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana: HABITAT’S FASAL PLAZA

HABITAT’s FASAL PLAZA Scheme Selects villages and its leaders through a stringent selection mechanism

Leaders are selected on – Commitment, Demonstrated spirit of entrepreneurship

Set of 9 villages selected on : focus of quality and quantity on one or more marketable products

Agri-, Horti-, Handicrafts, Dairy, Mushroom or natural ecosystem or heritage-religious-eco-Tourism principles, are applied

PLANS like SFURTI, NREGP and others are integrated to involve all sections of society in Micro-plan development for each village.

This leads to an eventual DEVELOPMENT of a SYNERGISTIC and SUSTAINABLE CLUSTER

HFP…value chain Institutional support has to be FORMALLY OBTAINED- University, Institute, Vigyan Kendra (Transfer of Technology, Research for techno-business) should be in the ADVISORY BOARD OF each YOJANA. It means the Government, Non Government, Private Sector - Linked in a formal fashion – Rural Technology and Enterprise Council (Rural TEC) has to be based at FASAL PLAZA Rural TEC- To be connected with District-level Chamber of Agriculture, Trade and Services – Which have link with Commodity/Crop/Livestock Products Associations at local, regional, State, National and International Level through Mandi Network and linked with National Commodity Exchange to track the trading of relevant commodities by analysing trends (Future Trading Commission) HABITAT FASAL PLAZA’s- Marketing Solution SAFE FOOD PRODUCTION PLAN SHOULD BEIMPLEMENTED IN THE YOJANA AREA

Institutional support has to be FORMALLY OBTAINED- University, Institute, Vigyan Kendra (Transfer of Technology, Research for techno-business) should be in the ADVISORY BOARD OF each YOJANA. It means the Government, Non Government, Private Sector - Linked in a formal fashion –

Rural Technology and Enterprise Council (Rural TEC) has to be based at FASAL PLAZA

Rural TEC- To be connected with District-level Chamber of Agriculture, Trade and Services – Which have link with Commodity/Crop/Livestock Products Associations at local, regional, State, National and International Level through Mandi Network and linked with National Commodity Exchange to track the trading of relevant commodities by analysing trends (Future Trading Commission)

HABITAT FASAL PLAZA’s- Marketing Solution

SAFE FOOD PRODUCTION PLAN SHOULD BEIMPLEMENTED IN THE YOJANA AREA

Food Standards, Grade- The RURAL TECHNO-BUSINESS TOOLS HABITAT’s Food Standards are unique- Top is HABITAT Grade-1 which is as per the toughest requirements of declaring a food ORGANIC Standard-2: For products taken from those agri-ecosystems where pesticides, fertiliser use history is non-existence for more than 20 years in nearest 20 Kilometers- Tribal Areas in India and level of pesticide etc detected are nearly same as above Standard-3: Managed at the Food Safety Levels prescribed but is in the process of conversion to organic: having use of biopesticides and recommended biological nutrients Standard-4: With number of practices going (IPM, Organic Conversions) Standard-5: Disputed by the Lab and given to only AS CLAIMED BY THE PRODUCERS- Certification shall be done by INDEPENDENT INSPECTORS as per Governmental Regulations and Export Inspection Council’s requirement for EXPORTS FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPORT-

Food Standards, Grade- The RURAL TECHNO-BUSINESS TOOLS

HABITAT’s Food Standards are unique-

Top is HABITAT Grade-1 which is as per the toughest requirements of declaring a food ORGANIC

Standard-2: For products taken from those agri-ecosystems where pesticides, fertiliser use history is non-existence for more than 20 years in nearest 20 Kilometers- Tribal Areas in India and level of pesticide etc detected are nearly same as above

Standard-3: Managed at the Food Safety Levels prescribed but is in the process of conversion to organic: having use of biopesticides and recommended biological nutrients

Standard-4: With number of practices going (IPM, Organic Conversions)

Standard-5: Disputed by the Lab and given to only AS CLAIMED BY THE PRODUCERS-

Certification shall be done by INDEPENDENT INSPECTORS as per Governmental Regulations and Export Inspection Council’s requirement for EXPORTS

FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPORT-

HABITAT –PURA MODEL : 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana 9 villages of HARDA district in Sirali Block has been selected AN 11-days MARCH ON FOOT (MANTHAN PAD-YATRA) from 29 May to 8 June, 2006 was conducted in villages TVE- Town and Village Enterprises Scheme of China shall be integrated in HABITAT-PURA model here on experimental basis The delegation was taken to the government and convinced it in meetings with top officials PURA IMPLEMENTATATION BOARD shall seek simulate socio-techno-business analyses and bring forward a ‘consortium’ of investors ‘cooperative-corporate-public sector’ venture on principle of VALUE CHAIN

HABITAT –PURA MODEL : 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana

9 villages of HARDA district in Sirali Block has been selected

AN 11-days MARCH ON FOOT (MANTHAN PAD-YATRA) from 29 May to 8 June, 2006 was conducted in villages

TVE- Town and Village Enterprises Scheme of China shall be integrated in HABITAT-PURA model here on experimental basis

The delegation was taken to the government and convinced it in meetings with top officials

PURA IMPLEMENTATATION BOARD shall seek simulate socio-techno-business analyses and bring forward a ‘consortium’ of investors ‘cooperative-corporate-public sector’ venture on principle of VALUE CHAIN

The Cluster Development Programme Techno-business inputs from various agencies, importantly from National Productivity Council Multi Institutional Alliance (MIA) to be created at the outset to conduct SIMULATION STUDIES and ADVISORY FUNCTIONS in later stages Cottage, Rural, Small Scale, Medium Scale and Large Scale INDUSTRIES are to be integrated on SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE created on 500 meter area on both sides of RING ROAD of PURA

Techno-business inputs from various agencies, importantly from National Productivity Council

Multi Institutional Alliance (MIA) to be created at the outset to conduct SIMULATION STUDIES and ADVISORY FUNCTIONS in later stages

Cottage, Rural, Small Scale, Medium Scale and Large Scale INDUSTRIES are to be integrated on SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE created on 500 meter area on both sides of RING ROAD of PURA

National Productivity Council’s Entrepreneurship Model

HABITAT-PURA could be feasible! HUDCO could provide fund Rs 55 Crore for creation of ring road around the villages Sensitization of the State’s Planning Board and the nodal ministry, that is, Rural Development followed by a Seminar A comprehensive ‘PURA STRATEGY FOR THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE’ report is then prepared, which could be funded by HUDCO and the Union Min of Rural Development. Regional Economic Development Plans would be drawn After this study, a second study for development of individual PURA model In each of the regions, two representative 9-Gram, 9 Ratna Yojana or HABITAT PURA models may be selected

HUDCO could provide fund Rs 55 Crore for creation of ring road around the villages

Sensitization of the State’s Planning Board and the nodal ministry, that is, Rural Development followed by a Seminar

A comprehensive ‘PURA STRATEGY FOR THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE’ report is then prepared, which could be funded by HUDCO and the Union Min of Rural Development. Regional Economic Development Plans would be drawn

After this study, a second study for development of individual PURA model

In each of the regions, two representative 9-Gram, 9 Ratna Yojana or HABITAT PURA models may be selected

6 PURA proposed in Madhya Pradesh by HcG Work on HARDA based HABITAT-PURA has been on for 8 months and considerable framework understanding of the implementation strategy, has been worked out Huge commercial gains in cereals and horticultural crops are possible at HARDA Cooperative and corporate ventures would succeed Answer to corporatisation of agriculture and creation of jobs

Work on HARDA based HABITAT-PURA has been on for 8 months and considerable framework understanding of the implementation strategy, has been worked out

Huge commercial gains in cereals and horticultural crops are possible at HARDA

Cooperative and corporate ventures would succeed

Answer to corporatisation of agriculture and creation of jobs

EACH MODEL NEEDS CONVERGANCE EFFECTED Ingenuity, creativity and tolerance for uncertainity with excellence TEAM WORK is the need Physical, Social and Economic CONNECTIVITIES are must when the project begins Schemes of number of departments/Boards/private sector need to be effected from the outset At least 500 different type of entrepreneurs are to be listed in the CLUSTER working at various levels in the cluster Leadership has to win their confidence They should be thoroughly trained with very well laid out programme of TRAINING IN ENTERPRISE

Ingenuity, creativity and tolerance for uncertainity with excellence TEAM WORK is the need

Physical, Social and Economic CONNECTIVITIES are must when the project begins

Schemes of number of departments/Boards/private sector need to be effected from the outset

At least 500 different type of entrepreneurs are to be listed in the CLUSTER working at various levels in the cluster

Leadership has to win their confidence

They should be thoroughly trained with very well laid out programme of TRAINING IN ENTERPRISE

What Needs to be done at the state level A 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana Implementation Board needs to formed under the chairmanship of the Hon’ble Chief Minister Sri Sri Ravi Shankar’s Art of Living and Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali Yog Vidya Peeth and number of institutes could be knowledge contributors of the project Vice-chairman of the Board should be an effective personality, who could take every one together All departmental secretaries and managing directors of the Boards/corporations dealing with rural/agriculture/dairy/fisheries/forest/irrigation sectors, need to be members of the Implementation Group The Board must have members drawn from HUDCO, National Productivity Council, CFTRI, Jabal Pur Agri University, IIT Delhi, IIM, Indore and foreign universities with their students, would be involved in plan execution and advisory work

A 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana Implementation Board needs to formed under the chairmanship of the Hon’ble Chief Minister

Sri Sri Ravi Shankar’s Art of Living and Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali Yog Vidya Peeth and number of institutes could be knowledge contributors of the project

Vice-chairman of the Board should be an effective personality, who could take every one together

All departmental secretaries and managing directors of the Boards/corporations dealing with rural/agriculture/dairy/fisheries/forest/irrigation sectors, need to be members of the Implementation Group

The Board must have members drawn from HUDCO, National Productivity Council, CFTRI, Jabal Pur Agri University, IIT Delhi, IIM, Indore and foreign universities with their students, would be involved in plan execution and advisory work

Proposed PURA in MP HARDA CHHINDWARA BUDNI JHABUA KHAJURAHO AMARKANTAK

HARDA

CHHINDWARA

BUDNI

JHABUA

KHAJURAHO

AMARKANTAK

AGRICULTURE SECTOR’S ILLS TO BE CURED FIRST The illness of agriculture sector are rooted at its PRIMARY PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES These activities are organised by an UNORGANISED farmer 90% of farmers LACK all kind of entrepreneurial training Their attitudes are very unprofessional They need something akin to AMUL

The illness of agriculture sector are rooted at its PRIMARY PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

These activities are organised by an UNORGANISED farmer

90% of farmers LACK all kind of entrepreneurial training

Their attitudes are very unprofessional

They need something akin to AMUL

Habitat’s FASAL Plaza- support enterprises in the area At the Plaza HUB, all kind of training facilities, shall be provided Input-Output marketing facilities shall be available at the Plaza Plaza-needs to be projected as an SEZ This HFP SEZs should be professionally planned 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana Implementation Board should manage it Board must have individual PURA management outsourced to the best management consultancies The management could also be professionally handed over

At the Plaza HUB, all kind of training facilities, shall be provided

Input-Output marketing facilities shall be available at the Plaza

Plaza-needs to be projected as an SEZ

This HFP SEZs should be professionally planned

9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana Implementation Board should manage it

Board must have individual PURA management outsourced to the best management consultancies

The management could also be professionally handed over

SOME EXAMPLES of KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Farm and Non-farm enterprises to be developed with best SYNERGIES OF THE RESOURCES

Farm and Non-farm enterprises to be developed with best SYNERGIES OF THE RESOURCES

Organic agriculture-Safe Food Production Research lacks in safer agri-food production in India Food companies and exporters are avoiding concerns of consumers Farmers could be more concerned with consumers and work for certified safe food supply through ‘Farmers-Consumers Association Such a concept has been launched by Centre for Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Innovation and Technology for Allround Transformation (HABITAT)- an NGO

Research lacks in safer agri-food production in India

Food companies and exporters are avoiding concerns of consumers

Farmers could be more concerned with consumers and work for certified safe food supply through ‘Farmers-Consumers Association

Such a concept has been launched by Centre for Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Innovation and Technology for Allround Transformation (HABITAT)- an NGO

HABITAT ORGANIC CONSUMERS’ ASSOCIATION or HOCA Target 100, 0000 members in METRO CITIES Nine villages with prominence in agri-food or rural industry (along with selected satellite villages), would supply all agri commodities of top quality and safety levels ensured HOCA would make alliances with Habitat Organic Farmers’ Association All products would be market under SAATVIK brand

Target 100, 0000 members in METRO CITIES

Nine villages with prominence in agri-food or rural industry (along with selected satellite villages), would supply all agri commodities of top quality and safety levels ensured

HOCA would make alliances with Habitat Organic Farmers’ Association

All products would be market under SAATVIK brand

SAATVIK * CHEMICAL FREE (5 Grades) CEREALS Saatvik SAFE products are guarantee for Seasonally and Ayurvedically Right Ingredients with Q uality, Purity and Simplicity A HABITAT’ FASAL PLAZA Graded Product INGREDIENTS Manufactured by: M/S HABITAT 9-GRAM KAIMUR, BIHAR Registered. R&D and Marketing arrangements: Centre for HABITAT CENTRE, PANIPAT a registered Trade Mark of ‘Manav Kalyan Sewa Samiti’ ( a registered Society) used by ‘HABITAT FASAL PLAZA’ which is a chain promoted by the Soceity in India

Manufactured by:

M/S HABITAT 9-GRAM KAIMUR, BIHAR Registered.

R&D and Marketing arrangements:

Centre for HABITAT CENTRE, PANIPAT

a registered Trade Mark of ‘Manav Kalyan Sewa Samiti’

( a registered Society) used by ‘HABITAT FASAL PLAZA’ which is a chain promoted by the Soceity in India

SAATVIK Brand to be launched: a la AMUL All Models would start work by combining physical, social and economical connectivites SIMULTANEOUSLY SAATVIK Brand should be launched by His Excellency Dr APJ Abul Kalam, The President of India

All Models would start work by combining physical, social and economical connectivites SIMULTANEOUSLY

SAATVIK Brand should be launched by His Excellency Dr APJ Abul Kalam, The President of India

QUALITY INPUT PROVISION IN A ECO-ECO MANNER: example- Seed Define strategic conservation and use of the local biodiversity of crops, micro-organisms and animals for ecosystem development National Bureau of Plant Genomic Resources and universities and NGO like NAVDANYA should be guiding forces Standard MoU have been developed by HABITAT

Define strategic conservation and use of the local biodiversity of crops, micro-organisms and animals for ecosystem development

National Bureau of Plant Genomic Resources and universities and NGO like NAVDANYA should be guiding forces

Standard MoU have been developed by HABITAT

Education- support the best Licensed Opportunity Fund for brilliant students to get best education- State government is being persuaded- Private Engineering Colleges are being put to contribute 5% of fees of the students to this fund- charities are being mobilised Resolutions- Networking- Alliances

Licensed Opportunity Fund for brilliant students to get best education- State government is being persuaded- Private Engineering Colleges are being put to contribute 5% of fees of the students to this fund- charities are being mobilised

Resolutions- Networking- Alliances

ASSURING SAFE FUTURE TO THE FARMER AND HIS FAMILTY Structuring of health insurance policies to the participating households Insurance of livestock, fisheries, seed, mushroom or crop farming Farmer’s health insurance Premium as low as Rs 300 per household

Structuring of health insurance policies to the participating households

Insurance of livestock, fisheries, seed, mushroom or crop farming

Farmer’s health insurance

Premium as low as Rs 300 per household

HAB ITAT Consulting Group or HcG with GRAMEEN BANK for provision of SERVICES like INSURANCE and Micro-finance SKS, ICICI, UTI or similar banks to be sourced State Boards and Corporations serving farmers, shall be involved in design of cheap premium for farmers and their families

SKS, ICICI, UTI or similar banks to be sourced

State Boards and Corporations serving farmers, shall be involved in design of cheap premium for farmers and their families

Conclusion Agriculture needs knowledge to make it competitive at farmer’s level Marketing access support needed through HABITAT-PURA’s 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana Farmers family should diversify itself by adopting various vocations Quality education linked with employment needed National Knowledge Commission and National Productivity Council, HUDCO should be roped in for ‘top, middle-order, menial jobs’

Agriculture needs knowledge to make it competitive at farmer’s level

Marketing access support needed through HABITAT-PURA’s 9-Gram, 9-Ratna Yojana

Farmers family should diversify itself by adopting various vocations

Quality education linked with employment needed

National Knowledge Commission and National Productivity Council, HUDCO should be roped in for ‘top, middle-order, menial jobs’

Conclusion-II A Seminar needs to be organised in Delhi for that sponsored by HUDCO and organised by HABITAT CONSULTING GROUP Study should propose number of PURA and indicate regions Second study should propose separate Regional Economic Development Plan Development Board and Financial Institutions should evolve to provide support Marketing access support needed through HABITAT-PURA’s 9-Gram, 9-Ratna SEZ should be created at least in one strong Yojana Cluster SEZ management is the issue SEZ should have lot of base of Indian technology Suitable knowledge support system be continuously available

A Seminar needs to be organised in Delhi for that sponsored by HUDCO and organised by HABITAT CONSULTING GROUP

Study should propose number of PURA and indicate regions

Second study should propose separate Regional Economic Development Plan

Development Board and Financial Institutions should evolve to provide support

Marketing access support needed through HABITAT-PURA’s 9-Gram, 9-Ratna

SEZ should be created at least in one strong Yojana Cluster

SEZ management is the issue

SEZ should have lot of base of Indian technology

Suitable knowledge support system be continuously available